## Quick Facts

- Ancient Scandinavian hunting dog developed specifically for tracking and holding large game such as moose and bear  
- Medium sized, powerful spitz type with a dense, weatherproof black coat and curly tail  
- Highly alert, vocal and watchful, yet deeply loyal and attached to their own family  
- Needs substantial daily exercise and mental stimulation to stay balanced and content  
- A relatively rare breed outside Scandinavia, appealing to experienced and active dog owners who enjoy outdoor life  

## Appearance & Coat

The Norwegian Elkhound, Black is a compact, powerful and athletic spitz type, instantly recognisable by its dark coat and curled tail. Compared with its more widely known grey cousin, the Black Norwegian Elkhound is usually a little lighter in build and more clearly defined in outline. Males typically stand around 47 to 52 centimeters at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller. Weight often ranges from 18 to 25 kilograms, depending on sex, bone structure and individual condition. The overall impression should be one of strength, agility and readiness for work in harsh northern terrain.

The body is slightly longer than it is tall, with a deep chest and well sprung ribs that allow plenty of lung capacity for long days in the forest. The back is strong and level, leading to a high set tail that curls tightly over the back when the dog is alert or moving. The head is wedge shaped without being coarse, with a clear stop, strong muzzle and dark, expressive eyes that give a keen, intelligent expression. Ears are erect, mobile and fairly small in proportion to the head, which adds to the alert, fox like look that many elkhound owners love.

The coat is one of the breed’s most distinctive features. As the name suggests, the Norwegian Elkhound, Black is always black in colour. Some dogs may have lighter hairs mixed into the coat as they age, but the ideal is a solid, rich black that emphasizes the dog’s outline. The coat is double layered and highly weather resistant. The outer coat is harsh, straight and lies relatively close to the body, while the undercoat is soft, dense and insulating. This structure allows the breed to work comfortably in snow, rain and wind.

Coat care is straightforward but regular. Although the hair does not mat easily, the thick undercoat sheds heavily, usually once or twice a year. During these shedding periods, daily brushing with a firm slicker brush or a metal comb helps remove loose hair and keeps it from spreading all over the house. Outside of shedding season, a thorough brushing once or twice a week is often enough to keep the coat healthy and glossy. Bathing should be occasional rather than frequent, since too many baths can strip the natural oils that protect the skin and coat.

Pay particular attention to the areas where dead hair tends to collect, such as behind the ears, under the tail and along the trousers on the back of the legs. Nails should be trimmed regularly, especially for dogs that spend more time on soft ground than on rough surfaces. Clean the ears weekly and check that they remain dry and free from redness or bad smell. With these simple routines, the Norwegian Elkhound, Black is a relatively low maintenance dog in terms of grooming, despite its thick northern coat.

## Temperament & Personality

Living with a Norwegian Elkhound, Black means sharing your home with a lively, intelligent and independent minded companion. This is a dog bred to work at a distance from the hunter, make decisions on its own and keep game at bay through persistence and courage. As a result, many Black Norwegian Elkhounds combine strong loyalty to their humans with a certain stubborn streak and a good measure of self confidence.

With their family, these dogs are generally affectionate, devoted and playful. They often form a particularly close bond with one person, but still enjoy interacting with all members of the household. Many owners describe them as watchful yet friendly, not over the top with strangers but polite and curious once they have had a moment to assess the situation. Their natural alertness and tendency to bark makes them excellent watchdogs. They will let you know about anything unusual outside the house, whether it is a passing car, a fox in the garden or a visitor at the gate.

Around children, a well socialised Norwegian Elkhound, Black is usually kind and patient, especially if raised with kids from a young age. They tend to enjoy being part of family activities and will happily join in games, walks and outdoor adventures. Because they are robust and energetic, they are often better suited to families with slightly older children who can respect a dog’s boundaries and handle an active, sometimes boisterous playmate. As with any breed, interactions with small children should always be supervised, and kids should be taught not to climb on or tease the dog.

With other dogs, temperament can vary from individual to individual. Many are sociable and enjoy canine company, especially if they have been well socialised. Others may be more reserved or selective, particularly with dogs of the same sex. Early, positive experiences with different dogs are important to encourage relaxed behaviour. When it comes to smaller pets, their hunting background must be taken into account. A Norwegian Elkhound, Black may see cats, rabbits or other small animals as something to chase, especially outdoors. Some individuals learn to live peacefully with a resident cat, but it is not guaranteed, and introductions should be done carefully.

A common challenge for owners is the combination of intelligence and independence. This breed learns quickly, but it may not always choose to obey instantly. They like to think for themselves and may question commands they find pointless. Barking can also be an issue for some households, especially in more urban environments. In the forest, a clear voice is desirable, but in an apartment building it can cause problems. Teaching a “quiet” command early and providing enough stimulation helps keep barking within reasonable limits.

Despite these challenges, people who understand the temperament of the Norwegian Elkhound, Black often become devoted to the breed. They appreciate the dog’s honesty, courage and sense of humour. This is not a breed that blindly follows orders, but rather a partner with its own opinions, strong loyalties and a sincere desire to be part of its human pack.

## Training & Exercise

The Norwegian Elkhound, Black is an active working dog that thrives when given both physical exercise and mental challenges. A quick walk around the block will not be enough for most individuals. Owners should expect to provide at least one to two hours of activity every day, ideally split between brisk walks, off leash running in safe areas and focused training or games that engage the dog’s mind.

Because of their hunting heritage, many Black Norwegian Elkhounds love to explore new scents, follow trails and investigate the environment. This can be both a joy and a challenge. On one hand, it means they are enthusiastic about outdoor adventures, hiking in the forest or joining you on long countryside walks. On the other hand, a strong hunting instinct can make recall more difficult, especially when the dog has picked up a fresh scent. Investing time in reliable recall training, and using long lines where necessary, is essential for safety.

When it comes to training, the breed responds best to patient, consistent and positive methods. Harsh corrections or heavy handed handling can damage trust and make the dog more stubborn. Instead, use rewards such as food treats, praise and play. Short, varied training sessions keep their interest better than long repetitions of the same exercise. Try to mix obedience exercises with practical tasks. For example, you might practice recall and sits during a walk, ask the dog to wait politely before crossing the road or use obedience cues in daily routines such as mealtimes.

Owners who want to tap into the breed’s natural abilities can explore activities like:

- Nose work and scent games at home or in the garden  
- Tracking or mantrailing, which mirror elements of hunting work  
- Hiking or canicross, where the dog can run on a harness and help pull  
- Agility or rally obedience, if the dog enjoys structured sports  

While the Norwegian Elkhound, Black may not always be as instantly biddable as some herding breeds, many individuals perform very well in various dog sports when handlers understand how to motivate them. They enjoy tasks that have a clear purpose and allow them to use their natural strengths such as endurance, problem solving and using their nose.

Mental stimulation is as important as physical exercise. A bored elkhound is more likely to bark, dig or become inventive in ways that owners may not appreciate. Puzzle toys, chew items, scent searches in the house or garden and trick training sessions can all help keep their minds engaged. Even simple games like hiding a favourite toy for the dog to find can be very satisfying for them.

Young dogs need particular care. A Norwegian Elkhound, Black puppy is full of energy, but its joints and bones are still developing. Long runs or hard exercise on asphalt should be avoided until the dog is fully grown. Focus on shorter, frequent outings, gentle play and early training in good manners, such as walking on a loose lead, coming when called and settling calmly indoors.

For the right owner, training and exercising a Norwegian Elkhound, Black is not a chore but a shared way of life. They are happiest when they can join you in outdoor activities and when they feel that they have a role to play in your daily routine.

## Health

The Norwegian Elkhound, Black is generally a robust and hardy breed, shaped by generations of work in demanding Scandinavian conditions. Most individuals are healthy, energetic dogs with a lifespan typically around 12 to 14 years, sometimes longer with good care. However, like all breeds, they can be predisposed to certain health issues that responsible breeders and owners should be aware of.

Orthopaedic problems such as hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia can occur. These conditions affect the joints and may cause pain, lameness or reduced mobility, especially in older dogs. Reputable breeders usually screen their breeding dogs with official hip and elbow scoring schemes and select only those with acceptable results. For puppy buyers, asking about these test results is an important part of choosing a responsible breeder.

Eye conditions can also be seen in some lines. Examples include hereditary cataracts and other issues that may affect vision. Many kennel clubs and national breed clubs recommend regular eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist for breeding animals. A puppy from eye tested parents has a better chance of good eye health, although no test can give an absolute guarantee.

Some elkhounds are prone to being overweight, especially when they live a more sedentary life than their working ancestors. Extra kilos place strain on joints and can contribute to other health problems such as diabetes or reduced endurance. Keeping the dog at an ideal weight through appropriate feeding and regular exercise is one of the simplest and most effective ways to support long term health.

The dense double coat usually protects the skin well, but a few individuals may experience skin irritations, hot spots or allergies. Regular grooming helps you notice any issues early, such as redness, excessive scratching or flaky skin. Because the breed is often very stoic, they may not show obvious discomfort, so a quick health check during grooming can be helpful.

Responsible breeders often follow recommended health testing programs which can include:

- Hip and elbow evaluations  
- Eye examinations  
- In some countries, additional DNA tests if relevant for the line  

When you are considering a Norwegian Elkhound, Black puppy, ask the breeder about the health history of the parents and close relatives. A good breeder will be open about both strengths and weaknesses in their lines and can explain what they are doing to maintain or improve health.

Routine veterinary care is important throughout the dog’s life. Regular check ups, vaccinations according to local guidelines, deworming and parasite prevention all contribute to overall wellbeing. Dental care is sometimes overlooked in medium sized working breeds, but tartar and gum disease can still become a problem. Daily or frequent tooth brushing can greatly reduce the risk of dental issues later on.

With thoughtful breeding, appropriate exercise, balanced nutrition and regular veterinary care, the Norwegian Elkhound, Black can enjoy many active and healthy years, remaining lively and engaged well into old age.

## History & Origins

The Norwegian Elkhound, Black shares much of its background with the broader family of Nordic hunting spitzes. These dogs have a long history in Scandinavia, where people needed reliable hunting companions capable of working in dense forests and harsh climates. Archaeological findings suggest that spitz type dogs similar to elkhounds have been present in the region for thousands of years, accompanying hunters and settlers as they followed game and adapted to changing landscapes.

The term “elkhound” comes from the tradition of using these dogs to hunt large game, particularly moose, which is often called “elk” in Scandinavian languages. The dogs were expected to search silently for game, then hold it at bay by barking once they found it. The steady, rhythmic barking helped the hunter locate the dog and the animal in the deep forest. This style of hunting required a dog that was independent, courageous and persistent, with great stamina and a strong voice.

Within this broader group, a darker type of hunting spitz existed alongside the better known grey elkhound. The black variety was valued for its visibility in snowy landscapes and its clear outline in the forest. While the grey Norwegian Elkhound was recognised earlier by kennel clubs and became more widespread internationally, the black variety remained more local and less common. Over time, dedicated breeders in Norway worked to preserve and stabilise the characteristics of the black elkhound as a distinct breed.

Eventually, kennel clubs in Scandinavia and international organisations recognised the Norwegian Elkhound, Black as a separate breed with its own standard. Compared with the grey elkhound, the black version is often described as slightly lighter and more agile, with a sharper outline and, of course, a solid black coat. Despite these differences, both share many traits, including strong hunting instincts, loyalty to their handler and the ability to work independently in demanding terrain.

Today, the Norwegian Elkhound, Black is still used as a hunting dog in its homeland, particularly for moose and sometimes for other large game. In modern Scandinavia, many owners follow long traditions of hunting in autumn, where dog and handler work as a close team. The breed’s excellent nose, persistence and clear barking remain highly valued qualities.

Outside of hunting circles, the black elkhound has slowly gained admirers as a companion and versatile all round dog. It can take part in various dog sports, such as tracking, nose work, agility or obedience, although its independent nature can present a unique training challenge. Some individuals also work in roles that make use of their keen senses and endurance, such as search and rescue or long distance trekking companions.

Although still relatively rare compared to many more popular breeds, the Norwegian Elkhound, Black attracts people who appreciate its connection to Nordic history and traditional hunting culture. For many owners, living with this breed is a way to keep a small piece of Scandinavian heritage alive, while enjoying the company of a proud, capable and deeply loyal dog.

## Living with the Breed

Choosing to live with a Norwegian Elkhound, Black is a commitment to an active, outdoor oriented lifestyle. This is not a dog that is content to lie on the sofa all day, although they do enjoy relaxing with their family after a good amount of exercise. Prospective owners should realistically assess their time, energy and living situation before bringing one home.

In terms of space, the breed adapts reasonably well as long as exercise needs are met. A house with a secure garden is ideal, since it allows for free movement and sniffing between walks. However, a highly dedicated owner in an apartment can also succeed if they provide several substantial walks and mental activities every day. The key factor is not square meters indoors, but structured daily activity and meaningful interaction.

Barking is worth considering in shared living spaces. The Norwegian Elkhound, Black has a natural tendency to use its voice. With training and careful management, you can reduce excessive barking, but completely silent behaviour is unrealistic. If you live in a very noise sensitive environment, think carefully about whether this breed fits your circumstances.

The level of commitment is medium to high. Daily life with this breed typically includes:

- At least one long walk or hike, plus additional shorter outings  
- Regular training sessions for manners and mental stimulation  
- Weekly grooming outside of shedding seasons, daily when shedding heavily  
- Ongoing socialisation to maintain polite behaviour around people and other dogs  

Financially, costs are in the same range as for many medium sized, active breeds. The main expenses include high quality food, routine veterinary care, pet insurance where available, grooming tools, training classes and suitable outdoor equipment. An approximate annual budget might include:

- Food and treats, especially if you choose a quality diet suited for active dogs  
- Regular vaccinations, parasite prevention and annual health checks  
- Insurance premiums, which help cover costs for accidents or illness  
- Replacement of harnesses, leads, beds and toys over time  

Because the Norwegian Elkhound, Black is particularly fond of outdoor work, some specific pieces of equipment can be very useful. A well fitting harness is essential for activities like hiking or canicross. A long line allows the dog to explore more freely while you maintain control in areas where off leash running is not safe. Reflective gear or a bright collar can help make a dark coated dog more visible during evening walks or in dense forest.

At home, this breed appreciates a comfortable bed in a quiet corner where it can rest, but it also wants to be near its people. Most do not enjoy being isolated for long hours every day. If you work full time away from home, consider arrangements such as a dog walker, dog day care or a trusted friend who can visit during the day. A bored elkhound with too much time alone may develop unwanted behaviours such as excessive barking or destructive chewing.

Families who enjoy hiking, camping, forest walks or cross country skiing often find the Norwegian Elkhound, Black to be a perfect match. The dog can trot along for hours, happily carrying a small backpack once fully grown, or helping to pull in a harness. In more urban settings, they can still thrive if their owners are committed to regular trips to nature areas and provide enough mental challenges through training and games.

Ultimately, living with a Norwegian Elkhound, Black is about partnership. This is a dog that wants to be included in your daily life, not left in the background. In return for your time, patience and care, you gain a loyal, entertaining and capable companion with strong roots in Nordic tradition and a big personality packed into a medium sized body.

Norwegian Elkhound, Black

Norsk Kennel Klub (Norwegian Kennel Club)

Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)

Dansk Kennel Klub (Danish Kennel Club)

The Kennel Club (United Kingdom)

Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)

Medium, powerful black spitz with curled tail, bred in Scandinavia to track and hold moose and other large game. Alert, vocal and loyal, it needs plenty of daily exercise and mental work. Robust and weatherproof, it suits experienced, active owners and remains rare outside its homeland.

## Quick Facts

- Tiny in size but big in attitude, the Pomeranian is a classic “small dog with a large personality” that fills a home with energy and presence.  
- Their fluffy double coat is one of the most recognizable in the dog world and comes in a wide range of colors, from orange and cream to black, blue, chocolate, sable and many combinations.  
- Very people focused and alert, Pomeranians are often excellent little watchdogs who will quickly tell you if something changes around the home.  
- Intelligent and quick to learn, they thrive on mental stimulation and short, fun training sessions rather than long, repetitive exercises.  
- Despite their toy size, they are active and agile, but their exercise needs can usually be met with daily walks, play and indoor games, which suits many city and apartment lifestyles.  


## Appearance & Coat

The Pomeranian is the smallest variety of the Spitz family. At first glance, most people notice the fox‑like expression, the alert, dark eyes and the proud way they carry themselves. Adult dogs are compact, with a short back, a deep chest for their size and a level topline. The tail is one of their trademarks. It is set high and lies flat over the back, richly covered with long, flowing hair that gives a rounded silhouette.

In terms of size, many Pomeranians weigh between 2 and 3.5 kilograms, with a height around 20 to 24 centimeters at the shoulder. They should feel surprisingly solid when you lift them, not fragile or overly fine‑boned. A well‑built Pom looks balanced from all angles, with straight legs and enough substance to move soundly and confidently.

The coat is a true double coat. The undercoat is soft, thick and woolly, providing insulation. The outer coat is longer, harsher and stands out from the body, which gives that famous “powder puff” or ball‑like outline. Around the neck and chest the hair forms a ruff or mane, which is more prominent in males. The hindquarters often show distinct “pants” of longer hair.

Colors are remarkably varied. Common shades include:

- Orange in many tones  
- Cream, white or cream sable  
- Black, brown, chocolate, blue  
- Black and tan, blue and tan, chocolate and tan  
- Parti‑colors with white and patches of another color  

For coat care, consistency is much more important than perfection. Plan for:

- Brushing 2 to 3 times a week with a pin brush and a comb, focusing on behind the ears, armpits, under the tail and the “pants” where tangles form easily.  
- Gentle line brushing down to the skin rather than just skimming the surface. This helps prevent matting of the undercoat.  
- Regular checks for small mats, which can hide moisture and irritate the skin if left.  
- Occasional baths, roughly every 4 to 8 weeks, using a mild dog shampoo and thorough drying so the undercoat does not stay damp.  

Keep the hair around the paws and under the feet trimmed for better grip and cleanliness. Many owners also lightly tidy the rear and tail area for hygiene. A Pomeranian in full coat is beautiful, but remember that shaving them very short can affect how the coat grows back and can reduce natural protection against heat and cold. Careful grooming is usually a better solution than clipping the coat away.  


## Temperament & Personality

Living with a Pomeranian often feels like sharing your home with a tiny, curious roommate who wants to be involved in everything. They are lively, alert and often quite talkative. Many Poms develop strong bonds with their people and like to follow them from room to room. Despite their size, they rarely see themselves as small and often greet life with confidence that can border on boldness.

With families, Pomeranians enjoy being in the middle of everyday activities. They like interaction, games and cuddles on the sofa. With children, they can be affectionate and playful, but their small bodies are vulnerable to rough handling. This breed is usually best suited to families with slightly older, dog‑savvy children who can learn to sit on the floor with the dog, avoid grabbing, and respect when the dog wants space.

Around other dogs, the Pomeranian can be surprisingly fearless. Some individuals will happily play with much larger dogs, which is not always safe. Others are more reserved and prefer the company of dogs their own size. Early socialisation helps them learn polite dog language and reduces the risk of “big attitude in a tiny body” turning into reactive barking or snapping. With cats and other pets, many Poms can live peacefully if they are introduced calmly and early.

Their alert, bright nature makes them quick to notice sights and sounds. This is part of what makes them good little watchdogs but also what can lead to excessive barking if it is not guided. Neighbours in apartments will appreciate early training to teach “quiet” and set routines, such as calmly watching out the window without reacting to every passer‑by.

Many owners describe Pomeranians as surprisingly sensitive. They do best with kind, consistent routines and clear boundaries rather than harsh corrections. When they feel secure, they show a charming combination of independence and affection. They often enjoy short bursts of play followed by time close to their person.

<x-quote text="Our Pom is tiny but has more personality than many big dogs I have met. She wants to be part of everything, but she also picks up on my mood very quickly, so we try to keep life calm and predictable for her." from="Lisa, Pomeranian owner" />


## Training & Exercise

Although the Pomeranian belongs to the toy group, it shares working roots with larger Spitz breeds, which shows in its intelligence and quick reactions. They tend to enjoy training that feels like a game. Many are food motivated, others love small toys or praise. Short, varied training sessions of 5 to 10 minutes suit them better than long, repetitive drills.

Positive reinforcement is essential. These dogs can be proud and will often shut down if training feels unpleasant. Reward the behaviours you want to see and use gentle management to prevent unwanted habits from being rehearsed. Because Pomeranians are very observant, they often learn household routines without much effort. This is convenient but also means they can pick up less desirable habits, such as running to the door at the slightest noise or demanding attention with barking.

Basic training priorities should include:

- Reliable recall suited to their size and safety  
- Calm greetings with people and dogs  
- Barking on cue and “quiet” on cue  
- Handling and grooming training, for brushing, teeth care and vet visits  
- Confidence building through simple tricks and nose work  

Exercise needs are usually moderate compared with larger active breeds. Most adult Poms are happy with:

- Two to three short walks per day, adapted to the dog’s age and fitness  
- Extra play sessions indoors or in a safe, enclosed garden  
- Mental exercise such as puzzle toys, scent games and simple obedience or trick training  

Because of their size, a Pomeranian’s joints and growth plates must be protected, especially in puppies. Avoid long stair sessions, jumping from furniture and very long or intense runs. Cold or very wet weather can be tiring for them, so a well‑fitting dog coat during winter and careful monitoring in hot weather are both helpful. In summer, pick cooler times of day for walks and always provide fresh water and shade.

For owners who like structured activities, many Poms enjoy:

- Rally obedience with short, precise exercises  
- Agility on a low, safe level with attention to joint safety  
- Trick training and freestyle where their expressive nature can shine  

<x-quote text="Many Pomeranians are happier with three short, interesting walks and some brain games at home than with one long, exhausting outing. Thinking work often tires them out more pleasantly than distance." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />


## Health

The Pomeranian is a generally long‑lived breed, and it is not unusual for well cared‑for individuals to reach 12 to 15 years or more. At the same time, like all breeds, they have some health areas that owners and breeders should pay special attention to.

Because of their toy size, dental health is a key topic. Their small jaws can lead to crowded teeth and increased plaque build‑up. Daily or near‑daily tooth brushing with dog toothpaste, along with regular dental checks at the vet, helps prevent painful dental disease later in life.

Orthopedic issues can occur, especially patellar luxation, where the kneecap moves out of its normal position. Responsible breeders screen breeding dogs for knee health. As an owner, keeping your Pomeranian slim and avoiding frequent jumping from high furniture, especially in puppyhood, can reduce strain on the joints.

Some Pomeranians may experience tracheal sensitivity or collapsing trachea. This can show as a dry, honking cough, especially when pulling on the lead. Using a well‑fitting harness instead of a collar for walks is usually recommended to take pressure off the neck. If you notice persistent coughing or breathing changes, a veterinary check is important.

Other issues that can be seen in the breed include:

- Certain eye conditions, such as cataracts  
- Heart disease in older age  
- Skin and coat problems, including alopecia or so‑called “black skin disease” in some lines  

Prospective puppy buyers can ask breeders which health tests they perform and how they work to maintain healthy lines. Many responsible breeders use knee evaluations, eye examinations and, in some countries, additional tests recommended by kennel clubs or breed clubs.

Weight management is another simple but vital health factor. It is easy to overfeed a small dog. Even a little extra weight can put strain on the heart and joints. Use a measuring cup for food, include treats in the daily ration and aim to feel ribs under a light fat cover.

Finally, schedule regular vet checks and keep vaccinations and parasite protection up to date. Considering [pet insurance](https://getapet.com/en/pet-insurance) is often wise for small breeds that may require dental work or specialist diagnostics in older age.

<x-quote text="When choosing a Pomeranian puppy, ask about the health history of parents and grandparents, not just the tests on paper. Good breeders are usually open to discussing both strengths and weaknesses in their lines." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />


## History & Origins

The Pomeranian belongs to the wider Spitz family, which also includes breeds like the German Spitz, Samoyed and Finnish Spitz. All share typical features such as a pointed muzzle, erect ears, a thick double coat and a curled tail. Historically, Spitz‑type dogs developed in colder climates, working as watchdogs, sled dogs and general farm helpers.

The ancestors of today’s Pomeranian were much larger, often weighing 10 to 15 kilograms or more. They came from the region historically known as Pomerania, located along the Baltic Sea in what is now parts of Germany and Poland. There they worked as versatile farm dogs and companions, valued for their alertness, weather resistant coats and loyalty.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, these dogs attracted attention in Britain and elsewhere in Europe as charming companions. Over time, breeders selected for smaller size, richer coat and a more companion oriented temperament. One of the most famous admirers was Queen Victoria, who kept and bred Pomeranians. Her preference for smaller individuals greatly influenced the breed, leading to the miniature version we recognize today.

As the breed spread, different color varieties became popular in different periods. Orange and sable were favoured for many years, but modern breeding has embraced a wide palette. Breed standards across kennel clubs today emphasize type, soundness and the characteristic lively, proud expression.

Today the Pomeranian is primarily a companion and show dog. They appear in conformation shows worldwide and are also increasingly seen in dog sports, therapy work and as urban family dogs. Despite their refined appearance, many still show hints of their working background in their alertness, curiosity and strong sense of territory.

Their journey from robust farm Spitz to glamorous toy companion is one of the more dramatic size changes in the dog world. Yet at heart, a Pomeranian still carries much of the spirit of a larger Spitz, only in a smaller, portable package that suits modern home and city life.  


## Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Pomeranian means adjusting to a small but vivid presence that is often involved in most of your daily routines. These dogs tend to bond closely with their families and do not enjoy being left alone for very long. Many cope well with a normal working day if they are gradually trained to it and receive quality time, mental stimulation and exercise when their people are home. Very long days alone, day after day, are not ideal.

New owners should be ready for:

- Regular grooming with brushing several times a week  
- Daily walks and playtime, even though the dog is small  
- Ongoing training to manage barking and polite behaviour  
- A focus on dental care and general health maintenance  

Costs will vary by country, but it helps to plan for:

- Initial purchase price, which can be considerable for a well bred Pomeranian  
- Vaccinations, microchipping and early vet care  
- Spaying or neutering if not used for breeding  
- Quality food suitable for small breeds  
- Regular grooming tools or professional grooming if you prefer help  
- Insurance and routine veterinary checks each year  

Over a year, routine costs plus occasional extras like dental cleaning or minor illnesses can add up. Having a financial buffer or insurance policy makes it easier to handle surprises without stress.

Useful equipment for a Pomeranian includes:

- A comfortable, snug harness that does not pressure the neck  
- Light but sturdy leads, plus a long line for safe outdoor freedom  
- A crate or pen as a safe resting place and for travel  
- Non slip steps or ramps if the dog often gets on sofas or beds  
- Puzzle toys, snuffle mats and chew items suited to small jaws  
- A soft, warm bed placed away from drafts  

Living space can be small or large. Poms can thrive in apartments as long as their needs for company, movement and mental activity are met. Sound management is important in close living, so teaching calm behaviour at the door and rewarding quiet moments from an early age pays off later.

For those considering breeding, specialist knowledge of toy breed whelping, good support from a mentor and appropriate tools such as [breeder tools](https://getapet.com/en/breeder-tools) and litter insurance are very helpful. Responsible breeding in this small breed requires careful planning of size, temperament and health.

<x-quote text="What surprised me most was how much life a small dog can bring into a home. Our Pom is low impact on space but high impact on daily joy, and she has made us more active and present in our routines." from="Johan, dog owner" />

If you are unsure whether a Pomeranian is the right breed for your lifestyle, exploring the [Dog Breed Advisor](https://getapet.com/en/dog-breed-advisor) can help you compare different breeds and reflect on what kind of companion will fit you best.

<x-quote text="Before welcoming a Pomeranian, think beyond the cute looks. Ask yourself if you are ready for a sensitive, alert and grooming intensive little companion for well over a decade." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />

Pomeranian

The Kennel Club (UK)

Deutscher Spitz Club (Germany)

Tiny, fox‑like Spitz with a fluffy double coat in many colors. Weighing 2–3.5 kg, Pomeranians are lively, alert, people‑focused companions and good watchdogs. They need regular grooming, gentle positive training, daily walks, mental games, dental care and protection of their small joints.

Norwegian Elkhound, Black vs Pomeranian

Characteristics

Summary

Similar breeds