Shar Pei

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Ancient Chinese breed known for its distinctive wrinkles and serious, almost frowning expression
• Calm, loyal and very attached to its family, but often aloof or reserved with strangers
• Medium sized, sturdy dog with a short, bristly coat that sheds less than many breeds
• Independent thinker that needs kind, consistent training and early socialisation
• Needs moderate daily exercise and careful attention to skin, eyes and overall health

Appearance & Coat

The Shar Pei is one of those dogs that you recognise instantly. Medium in size but solidly built, it has a compact, square outline with plenty of substance. Adult males and females tend to stand around 44 to 51 centimeters at the shoulder, with a weight that usually falls between 18 and 25 kilograms, depending on build and condition. The body is strong and muscular, with straight, well boned legs and a deep chest. Despite the heavy look in photos, a healthy Shar Pei should never be bulky or clumsy. It is meant to be agile and able to move freely and effortlessly.

What really draws attention is the head. The Shar Pei has a broad, flat skull, a short, wide muzzle and small, dark, almond shaped eyes that give a thoughtful and often serious expression. The tiny, triangular ears are set high and lie close to the head. The skin on the head and neck forms the famous folds and wrinkles that many people fall in love with. On adults these wrinkles are typically concentrated around the head and shoulders, while puppies can appear almost completely covered in soft folds. The tail is another characteristic feature, set high and carried curled or curved over the back, adding to the unique silhouette of the breed.

The coat of the Shar Pei is short, harsh and bristly to the touch. It stands slightly away from the body and should never feel soft or long. There are three traditional coat lengths within the standard, all of them short, so grooming is relatively easy compared to long haired breeds. Accepted coat colours are very broad and include black, red, fawn, cream, chocolate, blue and many shades in between. There may be lighter shading on the underside of the body and tail, but strong white markings are not typical. Solid colours are the norm, sometimes with very subtle variations in tone.

Practical coat care for a Shar Pei is straightforward yet must be done with care. Weekly brushing with a soft rubber brush or grooming glove usually keeps the coat clean and free from loose hair. During seasonal shedding you may need to brush a few times a week to manage hair around the home. Unlike some heavily wrinkled breeds, the Shar Pei does not need excessive cleaning inside every skin fold. In fact, too much washing can irritate the skin. Instead, focus on:

• Keeping the dog dry, especially after rain or swimming
• Checking the major folds around the face and neck for redness, odour or discharge
• Using a mild, dog safe shampoo only when the dog is actually dirty

After a bath, always dry the dog thoroughly, especially in cooler climates. Many owners also wipe the folds gently with a damp cloth and then dry them, rather than using harsh cleansers. With sensible grooming, a Shar Pei is a relatively clean companion and does not have the typical doggy smell that some owners dislike.

Temperament & Personality

The Shar Pei is a thoughtful, often serious dog that forms a deep bond with its family. Many owners describe them as dignified, loyal and somewhat reserved. This is not a clownish, always in your face breed. Instead, the Shar Pei tends to watch, think and then decide how to react. With its own family it can be surprisingly affectionate and cuddly, often choosing one or two favourite people to follow from room to room. It usually enjoys being near its humans, but in a quiet and self contained way rather than demanding constant attention.

Around children, a well bred and well socialised Shar Pei is typically gentle and patient, especially with older, respectful kids. It is not usually as boisterous as some breeds, which can be an advantage in homes where you prefer a calmer atmosphere. At the same time, families need to remember that this is a strong, powerful dog. Young children should always be supervised, and children must be taught to treat the dog kindly, avoid pulling at wrinkles or ears and respect its need for space. Many Shar Pei will quietly move away when they have had enough, so it is important to give them safe resting spots where they are not disturbed.

With strangers, the Shar Pei tends to be reserved and sometimes suspicious. This natural wariness is part of the breed’s heritage as a guard and watchdog. It will often observe visitors carefully and may not welcome enthusiastic petting from people it does not know. Early positive socialisation is essential so that the dog learns to cope confidently with all sorts of people, places and situations. Without this guidance a Shar Pei can become overly protective or standoffish.

In relation to other dogs and pets, the Shar Pei can vary. Many individuals are calm and polite when properly socialised from puppyhood, but the breed has a strong, self assured nature and can react if challenged. Some Shar Pei, particularly unneutered males, may be selective with other dogs of the same sex. Owners should be prepared to manage introductions carefully, read canine body language and avoid situations where tensions are likely. With cats and small pets, early introduction is key. Many Shar Pei live peacefully with family cats, but their hunting instincts can appear with unfamiliar animals that run away.

Common challenges with this breed often come from its combination of independence and sensitivity. The Shar Pei does not respond well to harsh training methods or shouting. It can shut down or become stubborn if treated unfairly. It can also be quite determined and may test boundaries, especially during adolescence. Owners who expect instant obedience without investing in patient training may find the breed frustrating. On the positive side, with respectful handling and clear rules, a Shar Pei becomes a calm, devoted companion that keeps a quiet watch over the home and shares a very special bond with its family.

Training & Exercise

Training a Shar Pei requires patience, consistency and a good sense of humour. This is an intelligent breed, but not one that lives to please in the same way as some working or herding dogs. Instead, the Shar Pei often asks, “What is in it for me?” before deciding whether to cooperate. That does not mean it is untrainable, only that the approach must be adapted to its character.

Positive reinforcement works best. Reward based training with treats, praise and play will usually get you much further than pressure or force. Short, varied training sessions keep the Shar Pei engaged. Repeating the same exercise endlessly can quickly bore the dog, which may respond by switching off or wandering away. Many owners find success with:

• Rewarding calm behaviour in the house, such as lying quietly on a mat
• Practising basic cues like sit, down, wait and come in different locations
• Using real life rewards, for example opening the door for a walk only when the dog sits politely

Early socialisation is absolutely essential. From a young age, Shar Pei puppies should meet different people, dogs, surfaces, sounds and environments in a controlled and positive way. Puppy classes with a good trainer can help, as can gentle visits to parks, town centres and pet friendly stores. The aim is to build a confident adult dog that can handle normal daily life without stress or excessive suspicion.

In terms of exercise, the Shar Pei has moderate needs. It is not a high energy athlete, but it is not a couch ornament either. Most adults do well with around one to two hours of activity per day, split into walks and some free movement or play time. A typical routine might include:

• A brisk 30 to 45 minute walk in the morning
• A shorter, more relaxed walk in the evening
• Some play time in the garden or indoors, such as tug, gentle chasing games or scent games

Off lead exercise in safe areas is ideal once recall is reliable. However, owners should be aware that some Shar Pei have a strong independent streak and may choose to investigate interesting smells rather than return immediately. Long training leads can provide extra safety while you work on recall.

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise. Puzzle feeders, treat dispensing toys and simple scent work games help keep the Shar Pei’s mind busy. Many enjoy short training routines that involve using their nose, such as searching for hidden toys or treats around the house. Some Shar Pei also take part in activities like obedience, rally or tracking, although their independent nature means competitive levels can be challenging. The goal does not have to be competition, though. Engaging your dog’s mind and body in enjoyable tasks strengthens your bond and reduces boredom related behaviours at home.

In hot or humid climates, exercise must be adjusted carefully. The Shar Pei’s skin folds and sometimes shorter muzzle can make it less tolerant of heat. Walks are best planned in the cooler parts of the day, with plenty of fresh water and opportunity to rest. Overexertion in high temperatures should be avoided. With sensible management and thoughtful training, the Shar Pei becomes a pleasant, manageable companion in both town and country settings.

Health

The Shar Pei is a unique breed with some particular health considerations. Responsible breeders work hard to reduce the risk of inherited problems, but prospective owners should be aware of the main issues so they can choose carefully and take good care of their dog.

One of the most talked about health topics in the Shar Pei is its skin. The characteristic wrinkles, while charming, can create warm, moist areas that may encourage bacterial or yeast growth if not kept clean and dry. Some dogs are prone to skin infections, itchiness or inflammation. Regular checks, a good diet and prompt veterinary attention for any redness, odour or hair loss are important. At the same time, over cleaning with strong products can actually damage the skin barrier, so a balanced approach is needed.

Eye problems are another concern. The heavy skin on the head can sometimes cause the eyelids to roll inward, a condition known as entropion. This can lead to irritation, pain and damage to the cornea. Many breeders have their puppies checked by a veterinarian and, if needed, minor corrective procedures are done early. Adult dogs that show excessive tearing, squinting or rubbing at the eyes should be seen by a vet as soon as possible. Well bred Shar Pei with correct head structure are less likely to have severe entropion, which is why careful selection of breeders is essential.

Shar Pei can also be affected by a condition often referred to as Shar Pei fever. This involves episodes of sudden high temperature, lethargy and sometimes swelling of the hocks. It can be linked to a more serious kidney condition later in life. If a Shar Pei shows repeated unexplained fevers, urgent veterinary investigation is required. Breeders who understand the condition will avoid breeding from affected dogs and will be open to discussing any history of fever in their lines.

Other potential health concerns include:

• Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia, which can lead to arthritis and mobility problems
• Certain ear issues, often related to narrow ear canals and skin inflammation
• Allergies or food intolerances that show up as digestive upset or skin irritation

Recommended health testing for breeding dogs usually includes hip and sometimes elbow evaluation, eye examinations and, in some countries, screening related to Shar Pei fever and kidney function. As an owner, you can ask breeders what tests they carry out and request to see the results. A responsible breeder will be happy to explain.

The typical lifespan of a Shar Pei is often around 9 to 12 years, with some individuals living longer when well cared for. Diet, exercise, weight control and regular veterinary checks all influence longevity. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is especially important, as extra kilos place strain on joints, heart and general wellbeing. Regular dental care, either through tooth brushing or appropriate dental chews, helps prevent gum disease, which can also impact overall health.

Pet insurance or a dedicated savings fund is highly recommended for this breed, because some of the potential conditions can involve specialist treatment. Early detection is always better than waiting, so schedule annual health checks and keep a close eye on any changes in behaviour, appetite or energy levels. With informed care and attention, many Shar Pei enjoy a good quality of life as cherished companions.

History & Origins

The Shar Pei is an ancient breed that traces its roots back to southern China. Historical records suggest that dogs with a similar appearance existed several centuries ago, particularly in the region around Guangdong. In old illustrations and statues, you can see medium sized, short coated dogs with loose skin and curled tails that strongly resemble the modern Shar Pei. These dogs were valued as versatile farm helpers, watchdogs and companions for rural families.

Originally, the Shar Pei’s role was quite practical. It guarded homes and livestock, alerted its owners to intruders and helped control vermin around the property. The loose skin and bristly coat may have provided some protection in scuffles with other animals, making it harder for an opponent to get a firm grip. Although there are stories of Shar Pei being used in dog fighting in the past, their main value to families lay in their loyalty, courage and ability to adapt to different farm tasks.

The political changes in China during the twentieth century had a dramatic impact on native dog breeds. At one point, heavy taxes on dog ownership and changes in society nearly wiped out the Shar Pei. By the mid twentieth century, the breed was extremely rare, and it is widely believed that a small number of surviving dogs in rural areas were all that stood between the Shar Pei and extinction. Concerned breeders and enthusiasts, both in Hong Kong and later in the West, began to search for remaining individuals to rebuild the population.

In the 1970s the Shar Pei first gained international attention when it was described as one of the rarest dog breeds in the world. Photographs of this unusual wrinkled dog quickly spread, and interest grew in North America and Europe. Dedicated breeders started careful breeding programs, working with the limited gene pool available. Over time, the Shar Pei was recognised by major kennel clubs and developed a more consistent appearance. Some early lines were extremely heavily wrinkled, particularly in puppies, which appealed to many new owners. More modern breeding trends lean toward a healthier, more moderate dog with enough wrinkles to show the breed’s character, but not so many that it causes severe health issues.

Today, the Shar Pei is kept almost exclusively as a companion and family dog, although its guarding instincts remain. In many countries it is still considered a relatively uncommon breed compared to more famous family dogs, which can be a positive factor for those who like something a bit different. You may see Shar Pei taking part in dog shows, basic obedience activities and sometimes in therapy dog work, where their calm, steady presence can be an asset.

Despite its long journey from Chinese farms to modern living rooms, the Shar Pei has kept its distinctive identity. It is still a dog that values its family, watches the world with quiet intelligence and offers loyal companionship to those who understand and respect it. Knowing this history helps explain the breed’s slightly reserved nature and strong protective streak. The Shar Pei was never meant to be a hyper social entertainer, but rather a thoughtful guardian and partner in daily life.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Shar Pei is a rewarding experience for the right person or family, but it is not a casual commitment. This breed does best with owners who appreciate its independent character and are ready to invest time in training, socialisation and health care. Before bringing a Shar Pei home, it helps to picture your daily routine and honestly assess whether this dog fits your lifestyle.

At home, the Shar Pei usually enjoys a fairly calm environment. It can adapt well to apartment living if exercise needs are met, and it also suits houses with a secure garden. Good fencing is important because, while not normally an escape artist, a curious Shar Pei may wander if given the chance. Indoors, most adults are relatively quiet, content to follow you from room to room and relax near the family. They are people oriented, so they do not like being left alone for very long hours every day. Separation can be managed more easily if you build independence gradually, provide enrichment toys and arrange for breaks during long workdays.

The level of daily commitment includes:

• Regular walks and mental stimulation
• Ongoing training and socialisation, particularly in the first two years
• Routine grooming, eye and skin checks
• Veterinary visits for vaccinations, health checks and any issues that appear

Financially, Shar Pei ownership should be planned carefully. The initial purchase from a reputable breeder is only the beginning. You will need to budget for:

• High quality food suitable for a medium sized, sometimes sensitive dog
• Routine vet care and vaccinations
• Pet insurance or savings for possible health problems
• Grooming supplies such as brushes, gentle shampoo and ear cleaner
• Training classes, especially in the first year

Annual costs can vary widely depending on country and individual health needs, but it is sensible to expect that a Shar Pei might require slightly more veterinary attention than some very robust breeds. Investing in good food and preventive care often pays off in the long term.

In terms of equipment, useful items include a comfortable, well padded bed, ideally placed in a quiet corner where the dog can rest undisturbed. A sturdy harness often suits the Shar Pei better than a collar for walks, especially for individuals with sensitive skin around the neck. A strong, flat lead rather than an extendable one gives more control. Food and water bowls should be stable and easy to clean. Many owners also find raised bowls helpful, depending on the dog’s build. Enrichment toys, puzzle feeders and chew items are valuable for keeping the dog occupied, particularly during times when you are busy.

New owners should pay special attention to socialisation during the first months. Invite visitors, organise calm meetings with friendly dogs, take the pup on safe car trips and expose it to different sounds and environments. This is not a breed that naturally loves everyone and everything, so early positive experiences significantly shape adult behaviour.

Shar Pei can live happily with families, couples or single people, as long as their needs are met. They often form a close bond with one person in particular, but still care deeply for the rest of the household. They are not the easiest choice for a first time dog owner with no support, yet many beginners succeed when they work closely with responsible breeders and good trainers. The key is respect. If you respect the Shar Pei’s nature, provide structure and show steady leadership without harshness, you gain a loyal guardian and companion.

In daily life, this means enjoying relaxed evenings with a dog that curls up nearby, feeling the reassuring presence of a quiet protector who notices every sound outside, and building a relationship based on mutual trust. For those who appreciate this unique combination of dignity, loyalty and individuality, sharing a home with a Shar Pei becomes something very special.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do Shar Pei have so many wrinkles, and do those skin folds need special care?

The loose, wrinkled skin was originally bred to help protect them in fights and from rough handling, but it also creates warm, moist areas where bacteria and yeast can thrive. Owners should gently clean and thoroughly dry the folds, especially on the face and neck, and watch for redness, odor, or discharge. Regular veterinary checks are important to catch skin infections early.

What kind of temperament do Shar Pei usually have with family and strangers?

They tend to be calm, devoted, and somewhat reserved with their families, often forming a strong bond with one or two people. With strangers they are usually aloof rather than social and may be suspicious without proper socialization. Early, positive exposure to different people and situations is essential to prevent excessive wariness or defensive behavior.

Are Shar Pei good dogs for first‑time owners?

They can be challenging for first‑time owners because of their independent nature, strong guarding instincts, and specific health needs. Someone new to dogs would need to be very committed to training, early socialization, and regular veterinary care. Working with a reputable breeder or rescue and a professional trainer can make ownership more manageable.

What are the most common health problems in Shar Pei?

They are prone to several hereditary issues, including Shar Pei fever, entropion (inward-rolling eyelids), skin infections, ear problems, and some joint and allergy conditions. Regular checkups, responsible breeding, and prompt attention to eye, skin, or swelling problems are important. Insurance or a dedicated budget for vet care is often advisable for this breed.

What is Shar Pei fever and how can I recognize it?

Shar Pei fever is a genetic condition characterized by sudden spikes in body temperature, often with painful swelling of the hocks or muzzle. Episodes may last hours to a couple of days and can eventually lead to kidney problems if not managed. Any unexplained fever or leg swelling in this breed should be treated as urgent and evaluated by a veterinarian.

Do Shar Pei need a lot of exercise or are they more low energy?

They are generally moderate in their exercise needs, not as high energy as many working or sporting breeds but not sedentary either. Daily walks and some playtime will usually meet their requirements, though many enjoy short training sessions for mental stimulation. Because of their facial structure and heavy build, they should not be overexerted in hot or humid weather.

How much grooming does a Shar Pei require with that short, bristly coat?

Despite the wrinkles, their coat is relatively low maintenance and does not need frequent clipping or elaborate grooming. Weekly brushing and regular baths are usually enough, but extra attention must be paid to cleaning and drying the folds and ears. They can shed more than some people expect, especially seasonally.

Are Shar Pei aggressive, or is that reputation unfair?

They are not inherently aggressive but do have a strong guarding instinct and can be intolerant of rude behavior from people or other dogs. Poor breeding, lack of socialization, and mishandling contribute to behavior problems. With responsible breeding, thoughtful socialization, and clear, consistent training, most are stable, protective companions rather than unsafe dogs.

Is a Shar Pei suitable for apartment living?

Their moderate activity level and generally quiet nature can work well in an apartment if their exercise and mental needs are met. They do best in a calm, structured environment and should not be left alone for long hours every day. Access to outdoor walks and careful management of barking and guarding behaviors are important in shared buildings.

What should I look for in a responsible Shar Pei breeder?

A responsible breeder health tests their dogs for known issues in the breed, openly discusses Shar Pei fever, eye, and skin problems, and does not breed dogs with severe conformational exaggerations. They should welcome questions, show you adult relatives of the puppies, and provide a health guarantee and lifetime support. Avoid anyone who minimizes the breed’s health risks or focuses only on extreme wrinkles or rare colors.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Société Centrale Canine (France)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (Denmark)
• Norwegian Kennel Club
• German Kennel Club (VDH)