Saint Usuge Spaniel

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Rare French gundog breed, revived from near extinction and still very uncommon outside France
• Medium sized, brown roan spaniel known for its gentle eyes and soft, wavy coat
• Bred as a versatile hunting companion that works closely with the hunter on land and in water
• Calm, affectionate family dog at home, yet energetic and determined in the field
• Strong natural instincts for pointing, retrieving, and following a scent, even in dense cover

Appearance & Coat

The Saint Usuge Spaniel is a medium sized, well balanced dog that combines elegance with a sturdy, working build. Males and females are usually quite similar in appearance, although males can appear slightly more robust in the chest and shoulders. Height at the withers tends to fall in the medium range compared with other gundogs. This gives the breed enough substance to work all day in the field, while remaining agile and light on its feet.

The overall outline is slightly rectangular rather than square, with a level back and strong, straight legs. The chest is deep enough to allow good lung capacity, which matters for a dog expected to track and search over long distances. The head is proportionate to the body, with a slightly rounded skull and a gentle stop. The muzzle is not too long or heavy, giving the dog a refined yet purposeful expression. One of the most characteristic features of the Saint Usuge Spaniel is its soft, expressive eyes, usually a warm brown that matches the coat tones. The ears are set at about eye level, long and well feathered, hanging close to the head and framing the face.

The coat is one of the breed’s true highlights. It is usually medium in length, slightly wavy rather than tightly curled, and lies close to the body. The texture should feel soft yet dense, providing protection in rough cover and wet conditions. Feathering is present on the ears, the back of the legs, and the tail, but should never be so profuse that it hinders the dog’s movement. The Saint Usuge Spaniel is typically found in brown roan, which means a mix of brown and white hairs that create a mottled or speckled appearance. Some dogs appear darker, with heavier brown patches on a roan background, while others are lighter. Small white markings on the chest or feet are possible and do not take away from the breed’s distinctive charm.

Practical coat care is fairly straightforward, yet it does require regular attention. A thorough brushing two or three times a week helps prevent tangles in the feathered areas and removes loose hair and debris. A slicker brush or a soft pin brush works well for the main body, while a comb is useful to tease out any knots behind the ears, under the elbows, and around the tail. After a walk in woodland or fields, it is wise to check for burrs, grass seeds, and small twigs trapped in the coat, especially if the dog has been pushing through dense cover.

Bathing can be kept occasional, only when the dog is particularly dirty or starts to develop a noticeable doggy smell. Using a gentle dog shampoo maintains the natural oils that keep the coat weather resistant. Many Saint Usuge Spaniels enjoy swimming, so rinsing with clean water after a dip in a lake or river helps keep the coat and skin healthy. Nails should be trimmed regularly, although active dogs that exercise on varied surfaces often wear them down naturally.

The ears need special attention. Because they are long and pendulous, air circulation is limited, which can encourage ear infections if wax and moisture are allowed to build up. Weekly checks, followed by gentle cleaning with a suitable ear cleaner when needed, help prevent problems. Keeping the feathering on the inside edges of the ears neatly trimmed also improves airflow. With good grooming habits and a bit of practice, most owners find the coat of the Saint Usuge Spaniel quite manageable, even if the dog is frequently active outdoors.

Temperament & Personality

The Saint Usuge Spaniel is first and foremost a companion hunting dog, and its temperament reflects a balance between working focus and family loyalty. In daily life, this breed is typically affectionate, gentle, and quite people oriented. Many owners describe their Saint Usuge Spaniel as a dog that wants to be close to its humans, whether that means curling up at someone’s feet in the evening or following them from room to room throughout the day. This closeness creates a strong bond, which is one of the most rewarding aspects of living with the breed.

With families, the Saint Usuge Spaniel generally shows patience and tolerance, especially when well socialised from a young age. They tend to be soft natured dogs that respond better to calm voices and kind handling than to harsh corrections. This gentle character normally makes them good companions for respectful children who understand how to interact with dogs. The breed is not usually a rough and tumble playmate like some more boisterous working breeds, but it does enjoy games of fetch, gentle tug, and exploring the garden with young family members. As with any breed, close supervision around very small children is essential, more for the child’s safety than the dog’s, since accidents can happen when play becomes too wild on either side.

Around strangers, the Saint Usuge Spaniel is often reserved at first, but rarely fearful or aggressive if it has been introduced to a variety of people early in life. Many individuals warm up quickly once they see that their owner is relaxed and welcoming. They are not natural guard dogs, but their alertness means they usually notice when someone approaches the house and may bark to let you know. That said, once someone is invited in, most Saint Usuge Spaniels relax and often seek a friendly pat or scratch.

When it comes to other dogs, this breed tends to be sociable and polite, particularly if raised with regular contact with dogs of different sizes and ages. Their hunting background means they are used to being around other working dogs, and they usually adapt well to living with another canine companion. With smaller pets such as cats, rabbits, or birds, things are more complex. As a gundog with a strong prey drive, the Saint Usuge Spaniel may be tempted to chase if an animal runs. Early introductions, careful management, and consistent training can help some individuals live peacefully with resident cats, especially if they grow up together. However, it is unwise to rely on instinct alone, and owners should always supervise interactions and accept that some dogs will never be trustworthy with small, fast moving animals.

Common challenges with this breed often arise from boredom or lack of mental and physical stimulation. The Saint Usuge Spaniel has a working mind that likes to have a job to do. If left alone for long periods without activity, some dogs can develop problem behaviours such as barking, digging, or chewing furniture. They do not usually cope well with a highly urban lifestyle that offers only a brief walk around the block each day. Another point to consider is their sensitivity. Rough handling, shouting, or inconsistent rules can easily confuse or upset these dogs, leading to stress related behaviours or a loss of trust.

Despite these challenges, when their needs are met, Saint Usuge Spaniels are rewarding and loyal companions. Their mix of calmness indoors and enthusiasm outdoors suits active families who appreciate a dog that can switch off at home. Their temperament is often described as steady and kind, which makes them a lovely addition to many households that are prepared to invest the time and energy this special breed deserves.

Training & Exercise

The Saint Usuge Spaniel is a working gundog at heart, so training and exercise are not optional extras, but central to the dog’s wellbeing. This breed thrives when it has a structured routine that includes both physical activity and mental challenges. Without this, it can become restless and frustrated. On the positive side, their intelligence and eagerness to please make them very rewarding dogs to train.

In terms of exercise, most adult Saint Usuge Spaniels need at least one to two hours of daily activity, spread over two or more outings. This does not have to be intense running at all times. A combination of brisk walking, free running in safe areas, scent based games, and structured training can all contribute to meeting their needs. Many owners find that a long off lead walk in the countryside, along with a shorter session in the morning or evening, keeps their dog in good condition and mentally satisfied. Young dogs should not be over exercised while their joints are still developing, so for puppies and adolescents it is better to offer more frequent, shorter outings and plenty of calm exploration.

As a versatile hunting dog, the Saint Usuge Spaniel has natural instincts for searching, pointing, and retrieving. If you are a hunter, this breed can become an excellent partner for woodcock, partridge, or other game birds. They are known for working fairly close to the gun, checking in regularly and maintaining contact with the handler. For non hunting owners, these instincts can be channelled into other activities. Many Saint Usuge Spaniels enjoy:

• Scent work and tracking games in forests or fields
• Fetch and retrieve sessions that use both land and water
• Dog sports like obedience, rally, or even agility at a moderate level

Training methods should always lean heavily toward positive reinforcement. This breed is sensitive and responds best to rewards such as food treats, toys, and praise. Short, varied training sessions help keep the dog’s attention and avoid boredom. Basic obedience such as sit, down, stay, recall, and loose lead walking should start from the day the puppy comes home. A reliable recall is particularly important, since the Saint Usuge Spaniel’s nose can lead it far if not properly trained. Long lines and safe, fenced spaces are very useful during the learning phase.

Because the breed likes to work with people rather than for them, it appreciates clarity and consistency. Setting clear rules and being fair about enforcing them builds trust. Harsh corrections or unpredictable reactions from the owner can quickly undermine the dog’s confidence. On the other hand, a calm attitude, patience, and a sense of humour often lead to impressive progress. Mental exercise can be just as tiring as physical exercise, so regular training, puzzle feeders, and problem solving games are strongly recommended, especially on days when the weather limits outdoor activity.

Socialisation is another important part of training. Exposing a young Saint Usuge Spaniel to different sights, sounds, surfaces, and experiences helps create a well balanced adult. Trips to town, car rides, meeting friendly dogs, and calmly observing wildlife all contribute to building resilience. It is also helpful to teach a solid settle command, where the dog learns to relax on a mat or bed while family life continues around it. This skill is extremely useful in busy households or when visiting cafés and friends.

When handled well, the Saint Usuge Spaniel shines as a versatile companion that loves to learn. Whether working in the field, participating in dog sports, or simply accompanying you on hikes, this breed finds happiness in being part of the action and sharing meaningful activities with its people.

Health

The Saint Usuge Spaniel is generally considered a robust, healthy breed, in part due to its practical working origins. Historically, dogs that could not cope with the demands of hunting and outdoor life would not have been bred from, which naturally favoured sound structure and good stamina. That said, like all purebred dogs, the Saint Usuge Spaniel can be predisposed to certain health conditions, so informed, ethical breeding and responsible ownership are essential.

Common health concerns that may appear in the breed include joint conditions such as hip dysplasia and, less frequently, elbow dysplasia. These are developmental problems where the joint does not form perfectly, which over time can lead to pain and arthritis. Reputable breeders will usually screen their breeding dogs with official hip and, where appropriate, elbow evaluations. When choosing a puppy, it is wise to ask for the scores or certificates of both parents and to look for lines where joint health has been carefully monitored over generations.

Like many spaniel type breeds with long, pendulous ears, the Saint Usuge Spaniel can be prone to ear infections. Moisture, wax build up, and limited airflow inside the ear canal create the ideal environment for yeast and bacteria. Owners can help reduce this risk through regular ear checks, careful cleaning, and by drying the ears thoroughly after swimming or bathing. If a dog frequently shakes its head, scratches at its ears, or develops a strong odour, a veterinary visit is recommended.

Eye health is another area to consider. Some gundog breeds are affected by hereditary eye diseases. Although the Saint Usuge Spaniel remains relatively rare and still has a limited gene pool, it is sensible to ask breeders whether their dogs have been examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist. Problems such as cataracts, entropion, or other structural issues may occasionally arise. Early detection can allow for better management and, in some cases, treatment.

Other potential issues can include allergies or skin irritations, often linked to environmental triggers such as grasses or certain foods. A high quality diet, regular grooming, and prompt attention to persistent itching or hair loss help maintain good skin and coat health. As with any medium sized, active breed, Saint Usuge Spaniels benefit from staying at a healthy weight. Excess kilos put unnecessary strain on joints and can shorten the dog’s active years. A lean, fit body condition is far kinder to the dog than an extra layer of fat, no matter how tempting it may be to offer too many treats.

Routine veterinary care plays a major role in keeping a Saint Usuge Spaniel healthy. This includes vaccinations, deworming, flea and tick prevention, and at least one general health check per year. Dental health should not be overlooked. Regular tooth brushing with dog safe toothpaste, along with appropriate chew items, helps prevent tartar build up and gum disease, which in turn supports overall health.

The typical lifespan of a Saint Usuge Spaniel is often in the low to mid teens when well cared for, with many individuals remaining active and enthusiastic well into their senior years. As dogs age, they may need adjustments to their exercise routine and diet, along with more frequent vet checks to monitor for age related conditions such as arthritis, heart issues, or organ changes.

Finally, because the breed remains rare and is still actively managed by dedicated breed clubs, prospective owners should always seek out breeders who prioritise health, temperament, and genetic diversity. Asking about health tests, discussing the breeder’s long term goals for the breed, and understanding how puppies are raised all contribute to making a responsible choice that supports both your future dog’s wellbeing and the future of the Saint Usuge Spaniel as a whole.

History & Origins

The Saint Usuge Spaniel has a fascinating history that stretches back several centuries in eastern France, particularly in the region of Bresse and the surroundings of Saint Usuge, a small commune that later gave the breed its name. It belongs to the family of French spaniels and pointing dogs that were developed to assist hunters long before modern firearms and intensive farming changed the landscape. These dogs were valued for their ability to locate game birds, indicate their presence, and retrieve them after the shot, all while working closely with the hunter.

In earlier times, there were many local types of spaniel in France, often named after the area or the people who bred them. The Saint Usuge type was known for its medium size, brown roan coat, and gentle but determined working style. Farmers and country hunters relied on such dogs not only for sport, but also for providing meat for the table. Because resources were limited, a dog that could perform several tasks and cope with varied terrain was especially prized. The Saint Usuge Spaniel fitted this need, being equally at home searching in woodland, hedgerows, and around wetlands.

By the early twentieth century, however, the breed faced serious decline. Social changes, urbanisation, and the impact of two world wars dramatically reduced rural dog populations. Many old regional types of spaniels were lost or absorbed into other breeds. The Saint Usuge Spaniel came very close to disappearing entirely. What saved it was the dedication of a small number of enthusiasts who recognised both its historical value and its practical qualities as a hunting dog.

One of the most important figures in the breed’s revival was a parish priest from the Bresse region who, in the mid twentieth century, began to collect and breed the few remaining dogs that still showed the traditional Saint Usuge type. Through careful selection and a strong focus on working ability, he and others managed to stabilise the characteristics of the breed and re establish a healthy, if still small, population. Over time, the breed gained official recognition as a distinct French pointing spaniel, with a written standard that describes its appearance and behaviour.

Today, the Saint Usuge Spaniel remains relatively rare and is still more common in France than in other countries. It is primarily bred and used as a working gundog, particularly valued by hunters who appreciate its calm character, willingness to learn, and close working style in the field. The breed is used for hunting a variety of game birds and small game, often in wooded or mixed terrain where its ability to carefully search and point is an advantage.

Outside the hunting world, the Saint Usuge Spaniel is becoming better known among dog lovers who are looking for a versatile, medium sized companion with a manageable coat and gentle temperament. However, its connection to hunting culture remains strong, and responsible breeders aim to preserve not only its looks, but also its natural instincts and abilities. As interest slowly grows beyond its homeland, more people are discovering this quiet, capable spaniel that carries centuries of French rural history in its genes.

Modern breed clubs and devoted owners continue to work together to maintain the Saint Usuge Spaniel in good health and with sound temperament. They organise working tests, field trials, and conformation shows to assess and showcase the dogs. Through these efforts, the breed’s future looks more secure, while still retaining the authenticity that makes it such a special and historically significant companion.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Saint Usuge Spaniel can be a deeply rewarding experience for the right household, but it does come with specific responsibilities. This is not a decorative dog that is content with a quick stroll and long hours alone. Instead, it is best suited to people who enjoy an active, outdoor lifestyle and are ready to include their dog in many aspects of daily life.

In practical terms, prospective owners should be prepared for a daily routine that revolves partly around the dog’s exercise and training needs. A typical day might include a morning walk or jog, a period of off lead exploring in a safe area, and an evening training or play session. Weekend hikes, visits to countryside paths, and opportunities to swim or retrieve will help bring out the best in this breed. Families who like camping, hiking, and spending time in nature often find that the Saint Usuge Spaniel is an enthusiastic partner who happily joins in these activities.

Home life with this breed is usually pleasant and calm, provided it has been given enough physical and mental stimulation. Once its needs are met, the Saint Usuge Spaniel is generally content to relax indoors, often choosing a spot near its favourite people. It is not a dog that thrives in a kennel or isolated garden environment. It prefers to live inside the home as a true family member. Separation anxiety can occur if a dog is rarely alone and suddenly finds itself without company, so it is wise to gently teach the puppy that short periods of quiet time alone are normal and safe.

Financially, owning a Saint Usuge Spaniel is similar to owning other medium sized active breeds. Initial costs include the purchase price of the puppy, which may be higher due to the breed’s rarity and the emphasis on quality breeding. Additional early expenses include vaccinations, microchipping, neutering if chosen, a crate, bedding, bowls, toys, grooming tools, and training classes. Ongoing annual costs will involve high quality food, regular veterinary care, insurance if available and chosen, parasite prevention, and replacement of worn equipment. Over a year, many owners can expect to invest a significant but manageable amount in their dog’s wellbeing, depending on local prices and personal choices.

Recommended equipment for a Saint Usuge Spaniel includes:

• A secure, well fitted flat collar or harness and sturdy lead
• A long line for safe recall training in open spaces
• A comfortable, properly sized crate or indoor pen for rest and travel
• Grooming tools such as a slicker brush, comb, and nail clippers
• Fetch toys and durable chew items
• Possibly a dog drying coat or towels, since many enjoy water

A secure garden or yard is extremely helpful, ideally with fencing high and solid enough to prevent escapes. This breed is curious and may follow its nose if given the chance, especially when wildlife scent is present. While they are not known as serious jumpers compared to some breeds, a sensible level of physical security provides peace of mind.

Time commitment is perhaps the most important factor. A Saint Usuge Spaniel needs daily interaction, teaching, and companionship. People who work very long hours away from home and cannot arrange for a dog walker, dog sitter, or dog friendly workplace may struggle to meet this breed’s needs. On the other hand, individuals or families with flexible schedules, interest in outdoor hobbies, and a desire to learn about training and canine behaviour often find that the effort invested is richly repaid.

For those who hunt, the Saint Usuge Spaniel can become a valued colleague in the field, with training sessions and hunting days forming a strong working partnership. For non hunters, it is essential to offer alternative forms of enrichment, such as regular scent games, tracking, retrieving, or participation in canine sports where available. The key is to provide the dog with meaningful tasks that tap into its natural drives.

In summary, living with a Saint Usuge Spaniel means welcoming a loving, sensitive, and energetic dog into your home and life. It is a commitment of time, money, and emotional energy, but one that brings deep companionship in return. For owners who appreciate a close bond, enjoy time outdoors in all seasons, and are willing to invest in training and care, the Saint Usuge Spaniel can be a truly exceptional partner and friend.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Saint Usuge Spaniel and how is it different from other spaniel breeds?

It is a rare French pointing spaniel developed as a versatile hunting dog for wetlands and fields. Compared with more common spaniels, it is usually more oriented to pointing and retrieving game, has a calmer, more biddable temperament, and is strongly attached to its handler. Its moderate size and gentle nature can make it suitable as both a working dog and a family companion when its needs are met.

What is the typical temperament of a Saint Usuge Spaniel at home and in the field?

This breed is usually affectionate, people focused, and eager to please, with a soft, sensitive character. In the field they are energetic, methodical, and keen-nosed, yet typically cooperative and responsive to direction. At home they tend to be gentle with children and reserved rather than boisterous, but they dislike being left alone for long periods.

How much exercise does a Saint Usuge Spaniel need each day?

They are working gundogs that require at least 1.5 to 2 hours of daily physical activity plus some mental work, such as scent games or training. A quick walk around the block is not enough for most individuals, particularly young adults. Regular off leash running in safe areas, field work, or structured canine sports helps prevent frustration and destructive behavior.

Is a Saint Usuge Spaniel a good choice for first time dog owners?

They can be a good fit for dedicated first time owners who are active and willing to invest time in training and socialization. Their cooperative and sensitive nature often makes them easier to handle than more independent hunting breeds. However, their exercise needs, attachment to their family, and hunting instinct can be challenging for people wanting a very low maintenance pet.

How strong is the hunting instinct in Saint Usuge Spaniels and can they live with cats or small pets?

The breed was created as a bird dog, so most individuals have a strong prey and search drive outdoors, particularly toward game birds and small wildlife. Many can live peacefully with a resident cat if raised together and supervised carefully, but they are generally not reliable around small prey animals such as rabbits or poultry. Consistent training and good recall are essential if they are off leash in areas with wildlife.

What are the common health issues seen in Saint Usuge Spaniels?

Since the population is small, data is limited, but concerns may include ear infections due to floppy ears, some joint issues such as hip dysplasia, and occasional eye conditions. Responsible breeders typically screen for hips and eyes and pay attention to genetic diversity to reduce inherited problems. Overall, many individuals are fairly robust if kept at a healthy weight and given enough exercise.

How much grooming does a Saint Usuge Spaniel’s coat require?

They have a medium length, slightly wavy coat with feathering that benefits from brushing several times a week to prevent tangles, especially after field work. Regular checks for burrs, seeds, and ticks are important because they often work in heavy cover. Ears should be cleaned routinely to reduce the risk of infections, particularly in dogs that swim or work in wetlands.

Can a Saint Usuge Spaniel adapt to apartment living or a small home?

They can live in a smaller home or apartment if their high exercise and mental stimulation needs are consistently met every day. Without regular outdoor work, they may become restless or vocal. Access to safe off leash areas, structured activities, and plenty of time with their owners matters more than the size of the living space.

How trainable is the Saint Usuge Spaniel and what training methods work best?

They tend to be highly trainable, responsive, and eager to cooperate, but they are also sensitive to harsh corrections. Positive reinforcement, clear structure, and short, engaging sessions work best. Early recall training and controlled exposure to game and gunfire are especially important for those intended for hunting.

Where did the Saint Usuge Spaniel originate and why is it still considered rare?

The breed originates from the Bresse region of eastern France and nearly disappeared in the 20th century before being revived by dedicated breeders and hunters. It remains rare because it has primarily been preserved as a regional working gundog rather than developed for mass popularity. Limited breeding numbers and careful selection for hunting ability and temperament keep the population small but functional.

Sources

• Société Centrale Canine (France)
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)