Schapendoes

Quick Facts

Cheerful Dutch herding dog known for its bouncy, springy movement and shaggy, windswept coat
Highly intelligent and people focused, the Schapendoes thrives on positive training and mental challenges
Medium sized, athletic, and agile, yet usually calm and cuddly indoors if well exercised
Low shedding but high maintenance coat that needs regular grooming to prevent matting
Adaptable companion that fits active families, dog sports enthusiasts, and experienced first time owners willing to learn

Appearance & Coat

The Schapendoes is a medium sized, lightly built pastoral dog that combines agility, stamina, and a friendly, informal appearance. At first glance, many people notice the shaggy coat and bright eyes peeking out from beneath a messy fringe. This is not a heavy or clumsy dog. The Schapendoes is fairly long in body in relation to height, with a rectangular outline, giving it the flexibility to turn sharply and move quickly in the field.

Males typically stand around 43 to 50 centimeters at the shoulder, with females slightly smaller, and most weigh between 14 and 20 kilograms, depending on bone, sex, and condition. The body is well muscled but not bulky. Legs are strong and straight, with enough bone to support hard work without looking coarse. The tail is long, carried cheerfully and often waving when the dog is on the move. One of the hallmarks of the breed is its springy, elastic trot. When a Schapendoes is happy and excited, it often seems to bounce.

The head is fairly broad with a slightly domed skull, medium length muzzle, and a well defined stop. Dark, expressive eyes give the dog a curious, lively expression. Ears are set high, hanging close to the head with a good covering of hair, and they move with the dog’s mood.

The coat is one of the most distinctive features of the Schapendoes. It is long, abundant, and slightly wavy, with plenty of undercoat that offers protection from weather and brambles. The hair feels dry rather than silky and should never be overly soft or woolly. Around the face, the coat forms eyebrows, a moustache, and a beard that add to the breed’s characteristic “scruffy professor” look.

Common colors include:

Various shades of blue grey
Black
Brownish or fawnish tones
Often with white or lighter markings

Most dogs appear as some mixture of grey and black, although a wide variety of shades is acceptable. Extreme white is not typical.

Caring for the coat requires commitment. While Schapendoes are usually low shedders and can be suitable for owners who dislike constant hair on furniture, their abundant coat tangles easily if neglected. A thorough brushing at least two to three times a week is essential. Use a pin brush and a metal comb, working right down to the skin, especially behind the ears, under the armpits, around the groin, and along the tail where mats form quickly.

Bathing every couple of months, or when the dog is very dirty, keeps the coat fresh. Make sure to rinse completely and dry carefully so the undercoat does not remain damp. Many owners choose to trim lightly around the feet, sanitary areas, and sometimes the fringe over the eyes for easier maintenance, while still preserving the natural outline. A professional groomer familiar with herding breeds can be a huge help in keeping the coat manageable without spoiling the Schapendoes look.

Regular nail trimming, ear checks, and dental care should be part of the routine. Since the coat can hide the dog’s shape, always assess body condition with your hands to ensure your Schapendoes stays lean and athletic rather than accidentally overweight.

Temperament & Personality

The Schapendoes is often described as cheerful, lively, and devoted to its people. This is a dog that likes to be in the middle of family life, following you from room to room and keeping an eye on whatever you are doing. Originally bred as a herding and farm dog, the Schapendoes developed the sharp mind and quick reactions needed to manage flocks across open terrain, and that heritage still shows in its alert and observant nature.

With family, Schapendoes dogs are usually affectionate and playful. Many form a particularly close bond with one person, but they typically love the entire household and enjoy participating in daily routines. They tend to be very good with children who interact respectfully, joining in games, chasing balls, or lying quietly beside them during homework. Because they are energetic and sometimes bouncy, careful supervision is important around very young children to prevent accidental knocks. Teaching children how to read the dog’s signals and to leave the dog alone while it is eating or resting sets everyone up for success.

With strangers, the Schapendoes can be reserved at first, preferring to observe before warming up. They are generally friendly once they know someone is welcome, but not as instantly embracing as some other companion breeds. Early socialization is crucial. Calm, positive experiences with visitors, different environments, and various people help build confidence and prevent shyness or excessive suspicion.

With other dogs, the Schapendoes is usually sociable, especially if raised around other canines. They enjoy play and can be quite vocal, using barks and playful growls during games. Some individuals might try to herd other pets or even family members by circling or gently nudging. While this behavior is natural, it should be guided into more appropriate activities. Proper introductions and supervised meetings help avoid misunderstandings, particularly with more sensitive or dominant dogs.

Around cats and smaller animals, many Schapendoes do well if introduced early. They are not primarily a hunting breed, but individual dogs may have a moderate prey drive and can be tempted to chase if something runs. Consistent training and management, such as keeping the dog on a lead in areas with wildlife, help maintain control.

One of the most notable traits of the Schapendoes is its intelligence and sensitivity. These dogs read human body language and tone of voice extremely well. Harsh corrections or rough handling will usually backfire, leading to confusion or anxiety. They respond far better to kindness, clear communication, and reward based training. They love to learn and solve problems, which makes them a delight for owners who want a thinking companion.

Common challenges include:

Boredom if left alone for long hours without mental or physical stimulation
Vocal tendencies, especially alert barking when they hear or see something unusual
Strong attachment to their people, which can lead to separation anxiety in some dogs
The occasional stubborn streak, particularly if they do not see the point of a request

Managing these issues requires planning. A Schapendoes is happiest with an owner who enjoys engaging with their dog, whether through training sessions, interactive games, or simple involvement in daily tasks. When their social and mental needs are met, Schapendoes are generally relaxed, good humored, and deeply loyal companions.

Training & Exercise

The Schapendoes is a working breed at heart. This heritage shows in their energy level, stamina, and eagerness to engage in activities with their owners. While not hyperactive in the sense of being constantly on the move indoors, most Schapendoes need a solid combination of physical exercise and mental work every day to stay balanced and content.

In terms of physical activity, expect at least one to two hours of combined walking, free running, and play daily for an adult dog. Young dogs have plenty of enthusiasm but their joints are still developing, so intense or repetitive impact exercise should be limited until they are fully grown. Adult Schapendoes typically enjoy:

Brisk walks or hikes with opportunities to explore
Off lead running in safe, enclosed areas
Fetch games, especially with balls or frisbee type toys
Play sessions with other friendly dogs

The breed’s agility and light frame make it well suited to various dog sports. Many Schapendoes excel in agility, obedience, rally, hoopers, canicross, herding trials, and even scent work. These activities are excellent outlets for their mental and physical energy and also strengthen the bond between dog and handler.

When it comes to training, the Schapendoes is usually very quick to learn. Their intelligence and desire to cooperate make them responsive students, but they can also become bored if training is too repetitive or overly formal. Short, varied sessions with plenty of rewards work best. Use a mix of treats, toys, play, and praise. Because the breed is sensitive, keep your tone encouraging and clear. If something is not working, it is often more effective to adjust your approach than to push harder.

Basic obedience should start from the moment you bring your puppy home. Focus early on:

Reliable recall, using fun games and high value rewards
Loose lead walking to prevent pulling as they grow more confident
Calm greetings, so their enthusiasm does not turn into jumping up
Settling on a mat or bed, teaching them to relax even when life is busy

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise. Schapendoes thrive on problem solving. Puzzle feeders, scent games, hide and seek, and teaching new tricks are ideal. Many owners are pleasantly surprised by how quickly their dog picks up complex behaviors, from closing doors to tidying toys into a basket.

Because Schapendoes can be people focused and sometimes clingy, it is wise to train independence from a young age. Practice short, calm absences, reward quiet behavior when you leave and return, and provide safe chew items or food puzzles when the dog is alone. Crate or pen training can help some dogs feel secure and also prevents mischief when unsupervised.

A possible challenge in training is that a Schapendoes may question commands that seem pointless from the dog’s perspective. This does not mean they are untrainable. Rather, it shows the level of independent thinking that once helped them manage flocks without constant human direction. Keeping exercises meaningful and rewarding, and explaining tasks in clear, gradual steps, harnesses this intelligence rather than fighting it.

For prospective owners who enjoy the process of training and living with a clever partner, the Schapendoes is an inspiring choice. For those who prefer a more hands off dog, the breed’s needs might feel demanding. Consistency, patience, and a sense of humor will go a long way toward shaping a well mannered, happy Schapendoes that fits beautifully into everyday life.

Health

Overall, the Schapendoes is considered a relatively healthy and robust breed, especially when compared to some heavier or more exaggerated types of dogs. Its moderate build, functional structure, and working background have helped maintain soundness and natural resilience. That said, like all breeds, Schapendoes can be prone to certain health issues, and responsible breeding and ownership are key to preserving their well being.

Common or noteworthy concerns include:

Hip dysplasia
Eye conditions, such as progressive retinal atrophy and cataracts
Autoimmune and immune mediated issues in some lines
Allergies or skin sensitivities, often related to environment or diet

Hip dysplasia is a developmental condition where the hip joint does not fit perfectly, which can lead to arthritis and pain later in life. Good breeders screen their breeding dogs through official hip scoring schemes and aim to pair dogs with low or acceptable scores. As an owner, maintaining a lean weight, avoiding excessive jumping and heavy exercise during puppyhood, and providing appropriate nutrition all help support joint health.

Eye health is important in any breed meant to work outdoors. Progressive retinal atrophy is an inherited disease that causes gradual vision loss, sometimes leading to blindness. Responsible breeders have their dogs tested through official eye screening programs and may use DNA tests where available. Regular eye checks for all Schapendoes, even pet dogs, help catch other conditions early, such as cataracts or irritation from hair around the eyes.

Some Schapendoes may show allergic or sensitive skin, which can present as itching, ear infections, or paw licking. Triggers vary and may include certain foods, environmental allergens, or grooming products. Working closely with a veterinarian to identify causes and develop a management plan is important. Often, a combination of diet, regular grooming, and medicated shampoos can keep symptoms under control.

A typical lifespan for the Schapendoes is around 12 to 15 years, with many reaching their early to mid teens when well cared for. Preventive health care plays a big role in longevity. Regular veterinary checkups, at least annually and ideally more often for seniors, allow early detection of issues such as dental disease, heart problems, or metabolic conditions. Teeth should be checked frequently, as plaque and tartar can build up under the beard and around the molars, potentially leading to discomfort and systemic health problems.

Recommended health checks for breeding stock usually include:

Official hip evaluation
Eye examinations by a certified specialist, carried out regularly
DNA tests for any known hereditary conditions identified in the breed population

Prospective puppy buyers should feel comfortable asking breeders about the health tests they use and about the longevity of dogs in their lines. A good breeder will welcome these questions and explain how they make decisions to improve the health of the Schapendoes.

On a day to day level, owners can support their dog’s health through balanced nutrition, weight control, appropriate exercise, and attention to grooming. The dense coat can trap moisture and dirt, so it is important to check the skin regularly for hot spots, parasites, or unexplained lumps. Clean ears carefully, particularly after swimming or heavy rain, and trim nails to prevent foot strain.

Insurance is worth considering, as unexpected illness or injury can be costly, especially if specialist care or surgery is required. Planning ahead financially makes it easier to provide the best possible treatment throughout your Schapendoes’ life.

History & Origins

The Schapendoes comes from the Netherlands and developed as a versatile herding dog for flocks of sheep, particularly in the heathlands and open fields of the country. The name itself reflects this role, with “schap” relating to sheep and “does” being an old term for a type of farm or shepherd dog. For generations, these dogs were valued not for their looks, but for their working ability, intelligence, and stamina.

In the days before mechanized agriculture, sheep were an essential part of rural life, and shepherds needed dogs that could manage flocks with minimal supervision. The Schapendoes worked tirelessly in often challenging conditions. They had to be agile enough to navigate rough terrain, brave enough to stand up to stubborn animals, and clever enough to interpret both the shepherd’s commands and the movement of the flock. Their characteristic light build, quick reactions, and high energy suited this job very well.

Like many European farm dogs, the Schapendoes was not initially a standardized breed. It was more of a type, shaped by the needs and preferences of local shepherds rather than show rings. As long as a dog worked well and coped with the climate and terrain, it was considered suitable. The shaggy coat provided protection from rain and wind, while the dark, expressive eyes and keen mind helped in reading subtle cues in sheep behavior.

The breed’s future was threatened in the early twentieth century, particularly around the time of the Second World War. Changing agricultural practices, reduced need for traditional herding, and the rise of more formalized dog breeding all contributed to a decline in numbers. Additionally, other herding breeds, such as the Border Collie, became more widespread, further reducing the practical role of the Schapendoes.

Fortunately, Dutch enthusiasts recognized the value of this native dog and began working to preserve and formalize the breed. After the war, a focused breeding program was established to rebuild the population using remaining examples of the traditional working type. This effort eventually led to official recognition by national kennel clubs and later by international canine organizations.

Today, the Schapendoes is still relatively rare outside its homeland compared to some other pastoral breeds, but its popularity is steadily growing in various countries. Many dogs now serve primarily as family companions, taking part in modern activities such as agility, obedience, and other dog sports. Some still herd sheep, which remains an excellent demonstration of their original purpose and instinct.

Despite the shift from field to family home, the breed has retained much of its natural character. The lively temperament, strong work ethic, and affectionate nature that made the Schapendoes an asset to shepherds are the same traits that now appeal to active pet owners and enthusiasts. The goal of most dedicated breeders is to maintain this balance, preserving both sound structure and the energetic, intelligent spirit that defines the Schapendoes.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Schapendoes is a rewarding experience for owners who appreciate an active, intelligent, and affectionate companion. It is also a commitment that requires time, energy, and a sense of responsibility. Before bringing one into your home, it helps to understand what daily life with this breed really looks like.

A typical day with a Schapendoes usually includes several walks, some off lead running or energetic play, and at least one short training or mental stimulation session. This is not a dog that thrives on a brief walk around the block and then being left alone for the rest of the day. While Schapendoes can relax indoors and often enjoy curling up near their people, they need meaningful outlets for their mind and body to remain calm and happy.

The coat care is another major element of living with this breed. Plan on regular brushing sessions several times a week, and be realistic about the time this takes. Many owners use grooming time as a quiet bonding moment, teaching the dog to lie comfortably while being handled. Starting this routine early with puppies makes everything easier later. Investing in good quality grooming tools, such as a pin brush, slicker brush, metal comb, and nail clippers or grinder, pays off in the long term.

Financially, owning a Schapendoes involves the usual costs of any medium sized dog, such as quality food, routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite prevention. On top of that, factor in grooming products, occasional professional grooming, training classes, equipment for activities, and pet insurance. Annual expenses can vary widely by country and lifestyle, but it is sensible to budget for:

Quality food appropriate for age and activity level
Regular vet visits and preventive care
Professional grooming or grooming support if you cannot manage everything at home
Training classes, especially in the first two years
Replacement of toys, leads, harnesses, and beds as they wear out

In terms of space, Schapendoes can adapt to a variety of homes, from rural houses with gardens to city apartments, as long as their needs are met. Access to a secure yard is helpful but not strictly required if you are committed to providing outdoor exercise elsewhere. More important than the size of your home is the time you can give to interactions and activities.

Useful equipment for a Schapendoes includes a comfortable, well fitting harness, a strong lead, and possibly a long line for safe recall practice. Many owners prefer a harness rather than a collar for everyday walks, as it spreads pressure more evenly and is often more comfortable for a dog that enjoys moving freely. Robust toys that encourage thinking and problem solving, such as puzzle feeders and treat dispensing balls, are excellent for this breed. A sturdy, washable bed and a safe, quiet place where the dog can rest undisturbed are also essential.

Compatibility with different households depends on expectations. Schapendoes can be wonderful with families who include them in daily life, from school runs and dog friendly outings to holidays and weekend adventures. They can also suit active singles or couples who enjoy outdoor sports and dog activities. However, they may be less suitable for people who are out of the house for very long hours every day or who prefer a low maintenance, low energy companion.

New owners should be prepared to invest time in early socialization and training. Enrolling in a well run puppy class, arranging play dates with friendly, vaccinated dogs, and exposing your Schapendoes to different environments helps shape a confident adult. Consistency is important. Setting clear rules, such as where the dog is allowed to sleep and how it should greet visitors, from the beginning will reduce confusion later.

In return for this commitment, the Schapendoes offers a lot. You gain a dog that is usually eager to share your interests, quick to learn new skills, and deeply attached to its human family. Many owners find that once they have lived with a Schapendoes, it is hard to imagine life without that cheerful, shaggy figure bounding toward them, ready for the next shared adventure.

Characteristics

Great with kids

Medium

Characteristic	Value
Breed Type	Purebred
Aggressiveness	2/5
Child Friendly	4/5
Energy	3/5
Hair Shedding	4/5
Health	3/5
Intelligence	3/5
Grooming Needs	3/5
Learning Ability	3/5
Barking Level	4/5
Height	40 – 50 cm
Weight	18 – 22 kg
Life Expectancy	11 – 15 years

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of temperament does the Schapendoes have with family and children?

This is typically an affectionate, lively and people-oriented herding dog that bonds closely with its family. They are generally good with respectful children and enjoy interactive play, but their high energy and quick reactions mean supervision is wise with very young kids.

How much exercise does a Schapendoes really need each day?

This breed was developed as an all-day working farm dog, so it needs substantially more activity than an average companion dog. Plan for at least 60 to 90 minutes of mixed physical and mental exercise daily, such as brisk walks, off‑lead running in secure areas, and structured training or dog sports.

Is the Schapendoes suitable for apartment living or city life?

They can live in an apartment or urban setting if their exercise and mental stimulation needs are consistently met. Regular access to safe off‑lead areas and structured activities is important, otherwise they may become noisy, restless, or prone to unwanted herding behaviors indoors.

How difficult is it to groom the long, shaggy coat of a Schapendoes?

The coat is long, abundant and slightly wavy, and it can tangle if neglected. Most adults need thorough brushing several times a week, plus careful work behind the ears, in the armpits, and around the hindquarters, with occasional bathing; many owners keep the coat natural rather than trimmed.

Does the Schapendoes shed a lot and is it hypoallergenic?

They do shed, especially seasonally, but the long, textured coat tends to hold loose hairs until brushed out, so shedding may appear moderate rather than heavy. It is not considered a hypoallergenic breed, and people with dog allergies may still react to dander and saliva.

What health problems are most common in Schapendoes dogs?

Overall this is considered a relatively healthy breed, but it can be prone to issues such as hip dysplasia, certain eye conditions and, less commonly, autoimmune problems. Responsible breeders screen breeding stock and owners should plan for regular veterinary checks and weight management to protect the joints.

Are Schapendoes dogs prone to barking or being noisy?

As a herding and farm watchdog, the breed is naturally alert and tends to use its voice to signal activity or excitement. With consistent training and enough mental and physical outlets, barking can usually be managed, but they are not typically a silent or very reserved breed.

How trainable is the Schapendoes and what training style works best?

They are intelligent, quick‑learning and often quite eager to work with their people, but can also be independent and somewhat clownish. Positive reinforcement, variety in exercises and short, engaging sessions work best, since harsh methods or repetition can make them lose interest or become stubborn.

Does a Schapendoes still show strong herding instincts in a modern household?

Many individuals retain clear herding tendencies such as circling, nipping at heels or trying to gather running children and other pets. Early training, redirection into appropriate activities and sufficient structured work, such as agility or herding trials, help channel these instincts productively.

What kind of owner or lifestyle suits a Schapendoes best?

This breed suits active owners who enjoy spending time outdoors and are interested in training or dog sports. It thrives in homes where it can be included in daily life, receive consistent guidance and have regular opportunities to run, think and interact closely with its family.