Dachshund

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Bold little hunting dog with a big personality in a compact, low‑slung body
• Comes in three coat types and two main sizes, offering very different looks and textures
• Originally bred to hunt badgers and rabbits, still loves to sniff, dig, and track scents
• Loyal and often very attached to one person, yet usually playful and entertaining with the whole family
• Needs careful weight management and sensible exercise to protect its long back and short legs

Appearance & Coat

The Dachshund is one of the most instantly recognisable dog breeds in the world. That long body, short legs, and confident, almost proud posture give a very unique silhouette. Although small in height, a well bred Dachshund should feel solid, muscular, and surprisingly heavier than it looks. The chest is deep and broad, giving room for strong lungs and a powerful heart, which were essential for working underground. The legs are short but sturdy, and the paws are often broad and slightly turned out, designed for digging into tough soil when chasing quarry.

There are two main sizes you will encounter most often: Standard and Miniature. Standards are the larger of the two and were traditionally used on badger and fox, while Miniatures tended to work rabbit and smaller game. A Standard Dachshund usually stands around 20 to 23 centimetres at the shoulder and has a firm, weighty feel. Miniatures are more petite but still well put together. In both cases the body should be longer than it is tall, but never weak or sausage like. A correct Dachshund combines length with good muscle tone and a strong topline.

The breed comes in three coat varieties, which gives a lot of choice to potential owners:

• Smooth haired
• Long haired
• Wire haired

The smooth haired Dachshund has a short, shiny coat that lies very close to the body. It feels sleek and requires minimal grooming, usually just a quick brush once or twice a week and a wipe with a damp cloth if it gets muddy. Because the coat is so short, smooth Dachshunds can feel the cold and may need a coat in wet or chilly weather, especially Miniatures.

The long haired Dachshund has a softer, flowing coat with feathering on the ears, legs, and tail. The hair is not as thick as that of some long coated breeds, but it can tangle if neglected. A metal comb and a soft slicker brush used several times a week keep the coat looking its best. Pay particular attention behind the ears, under the armpits, and around the trousers on the hindquarters, as these are common areas for knots. Regular grooming sessions are a lovely way to bond with a long haired Dachshund and help keep shedding manageable.

The wire haired Dachshund looks quite different again. Its harsh, bristly topcoat and dense undercoat give a rugged, outdoorsy look, often finished with expressive eyebrows and a beard. Wires are very popular with people who enjoy an active lifestyle, as the coat tends to repel dirt well. Grooming for a wire involves weekly brushing plus occasional hand stripping, which means plucking out dead hairs by hand or with a stripping knife to keep texture and colour. Many pet owners use a professional groomer two or three times a year for this. Clipping is possible but can soften the coat over time.

All coat types come in a wide range of colours and patterns. The most common are:

• Red
• Black and tan
• Chocolate and tan

You may also see shaded red, cream, and various patterns such as dapple or brindle in some lines. Whatever the colour or coat, a healthy Dachshund should have bright, clear eyes, tidy nails, and clean ears. Ears in particular need regular checking, as the drop ear shape can trap wax and moisture. A simple routine of weekly brushing, nail trimming every few weeks, and ear checks will keep most Dachshunds in good condition. Owners are often surprised by how little doggy smell the breed has, especially the smooth and wire haired varieties, which is a nice bonus in the home.

Because Dachshunds have a long back, it is important to keep them lean and fit. An overweight Dachshund not only loses its neat outline but also puts strain on its spine and joints. When you run your hands along the ribs you should be able to feel them easily without pressing hard. Combined with a shiny coat and bright, alert expression, this overall picture signals a Dachshund that is both attractive and well cared for.

Temperament & Personality

Living with a Dachshund is rarely boring. Despite their small size, they carry themselves with the confidence of a much larger dog. Many owners describe them as little characters, because each Dachshund seems to have a very individual personality. Some are clowns who love to show off and make the family laugh, others are more serious and watchful, but the breed as a whole is known for being clever, determined, and surprisingly brave.

Historically, Dachshunds were bred to go underground after tough quarry like badgers and to track wounded game. That background explains a lot about how they behave today. A good Dachshund is alert, independent, and willing to make decisions without constant direction. In a home environment this can show up as a strong minded dog that does not simply follow orders, but pauses to consider whether it agrees. They are not robots, and this independent streak is a big part of their charm, although it can be a challenge for first time owners.

With their families, Dachshunds are usually affectionate and loyal. Many become particularly attached to one person and follow them from room to room. They often enjoy cuddling on the sofa and burrowing under blankets, which fits their natural love of tunnels and cosy spaces. At the same time, they are often alert watchdogs and will announce visitors with a surprisingly deep bark. Their voice can be loud, and some Dachshunds can be vocal if not guided early, so it is wise to teach a quiet cue and to reward calm behaviour.

In families, Dachshunds can do very well as long as children are taught to handle them gently and respectfully. Because of the long back, rough play, jumping from furniture, or being carried poorly can cause injury. For this reason, they are often better suited to families with slightly older children who can understand how to support the dog under both chest and hindquarters when lifting. Strict rules about no riding the dog or pulling on ears or tail help prevent problems. In return, a well socialised Dachshund will often join in games, enjoy gentle fetch in the garden, and snuggle up with the children for story time.

With other dogs, Dachshunds are quite variable. Some are sociable and enjoy canine company, especially if raised with other dogs from puppyhood. Others can be more selective and may not appreciate boisterous, rude dogs that bump into them. Early socialisation, including walks with calm, friendly dogs, helps to develop good manners. Dog parks full of fast moving large breeds are not always ideal for such a small, long backed dog, so many owners prefer structured playdates or walks with known dogs.

Their hunting background means Dachshunds usually have a strong prey drive. Many will instinctively chase squirrels, rabbits, or even birds. In some individuals this instinct is mild, in others it is very powerful. This can influence how they live with small pets such as rabbits, guinea pigs, or birds. Some Dachshunds do live peacefully with small animals they are raised alongside, but it is never guaranteed. Supervision and secure housing for small pets are very important, and it is best not to encourage chasing games.

Common temperament challenges include:

• Stubbornness or selective hearing, especially if they are busy following a scent
• Barking at noises, strangers, or animals outside the window
• Guarding behaviour around favourite toys or people in some indivduals

Most of these challenges can be managed with early training, appropriate outlets for their natural instincts, and a calm, consistent approach. A Dachshund thrives in a home where people appreciate an intelligent, opinionated dog and are happy to engage its mind, not just its body. When given that structure, a Dachshund becomes a devoted companion that combines warmth, humour, and unexpected courage in a very small frame.

Training & Exercise

Training a Dachshund is both rewarding and, at times, quite entertaining. They are clever enough to learn a wide range of cues, but they also have a strong independent streak. This means they often ask, in their own way, why they should do something. They respond far better to positive, reward based methods than to harsh corrections. Food rewards, toys, praise, and access to favourite activities can all be powerful motivators.

Short, varied training sessions tend to work best. A bored Dachshund is unlikely to give its full effort, yet a mentally engaged one will happily show what it can do. Many owners find that three or four five minute sessions spread through the day are more effective than a single long session. Start with the basics such as sit, down, stay, and recall, but do not overlook practical life skills like calmly settling on a mat, allowing gentle handling, and walking nicely on a loose lead.

Because Dachshunds were bred to hunt and track, scent based games are particularly enjoyable for them. You can harness this instinct in training by:

• Hiding treats around a safe room or garden and encouraging your dog to “find it”
• Using scatter feeding in grass so your Dachshund has to sniff each piece out
• Creating simple scent trails with a few drops of food juice or a dragged treat pouch

These activities tire the brain and satisfy the nose, which is often just as important as physical exercise for this breed.

Exercise needs for a Dachshund are moderate, but regular. They are not lap dogs who can be carried everywhere, and they are certainly not as fragile as some people think. A fit adult Dachshund usually enjoys one to two good walks each day, combined with play and mental stimulation. For many, a routine of 45 to 60 minutes of walking per day, split into two sessions, is plenty, although energetic individuals may want more. Puppies and young dogs should have their exercise increased gradually to protect their developing joints and spine. As a rough guide, many breeders suggest about five minutes of structured exercise per month of age, up to twice a day, alongside natural pottering around the home and garden.

Impact activities need special consideration. Frequent jumping off furniture, racing up and down stairs, or leaping to catch toys can put strain on a Dachshund’s back. It is wise to:

• Use ramps or pet steps to help your dog get on and off sofas or beds
• Block access to steep stairs unless supervised
• Avoid high impact games like catching a ball in mid air

Instead, offer controlled retrieve games on flat ground, gentle tug with rules, and plenty of sniffing walks. Harnesses that distribute pressure across the chest, rather than collars that put pressure on the neck, are usually recommended for this long backed breed.

Dachshunds often excel at dog sports that make use of their brain rather than relying purely on speed. Many enjoy:

• Scent work or tracking
• Rally obedience, where short exercise patterns are followed with the handler
• Agility on low jumps and safe equipment, with careful attention to back health

Using these activities in moderation helps build focus, confidence, and a strong bond with the handler. It also channels their natural determination into positive outlets.

House training can sometimes take a little longer with Dachshunds compared to some other breeds. Their small size and independent nature can contribute to accidents if owners are not consistent. A strict routine with regular toilet breaks, especially after eating, sleeping, or play, plus generous rewards for going in the right place, usually solves the problem. Patience is crucial. Punishing accidents tends to make a Dachshund secretive about toileting, which creates more issues rather than fewer.

Overall, successful training and exercise for a Dachshund is about balance. The breed does not need marathon runs, but it does need consistent movement, mental challenges, and a training approach that respects its intelligence. When you work with a Dachshund rather than against it, you discover a willing partner who can learn a surprising amount and who delights in shared activities.

Health

Dachshunds are generally lively, robust little dogs, but as with any breed, there are health concerns that owners should understand. Being informed means you can choose a responsible breeder, support your dog with appropriate lifestyle choices, and spot problems early.

The most widely recognised issue in Dachshunds is intervertebral disc disease, often shortened to IVDD. This condition affects the discs between the vertebrae in the spine. Due to their long backs and relatively short legs, Dachshunds are more at risk than many other breeds. When a disc degenerates or herniates, it can press on the spinal cord, causing pain, weakness, or even paralysis. Signs may include reluctance to move, yelping when lifted, a hunched back, or dragging of the hind legs. IVDD can vary from mild discomfort that responds to rest and medication, to severe emergencies requiring surgery.

Not every Dachshund will develop back problems, but the risk is real enough that owners need to take it seriously. Sensible weight control is one of the most effective protective measures. Extra weight increases strain on the spine and joints, so keeping your dog slim is vital. Avoiding repeated jumping from heights and racing up and down stairs also helps to reduce daily stress on the back. Some owners invest in dog ramps and stair gates to create a more spine friendly home. Choosing a breeder who health tests and selects breeding dogs with good back health and sound structure is an important first step.

Other potential health issues in the Dachshund include:

• Patellar luxation, where the kneecap can slip out of place
• Hip problems in some lines
• Eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy in certain coat and colour combinations

Responsible breeders work with breed clubs and veterinary guidance to screen for these issues where tests are available. Ask any breeder what health tests they perform on their breeding dogs and do not be shy about requesting to see documentation. For example, back scoring or other monitoring schemes may be used in some countries to help breeders make informed choices.

Because Dachshunds often live long lives, sometimes 12 to 15 years or more, age related conditions such as dental disease, arthritis, and heart murmurs can appear. Regular veterinary checkups, at least once a year for young adults and more often for seniors, give your vet the chance to catch changes early. Simple measures such as:

• Regular tooth brushing with dog safe toothpaste
• A high quality, balanced diet in appropriate portions
• Maintaining a healthy activity level without excessive strain

all contribute to a longer, more comfortable life.

Owners of dapple Dachshunds should be particularly cautious about colour breeding practices. When two dapples are bred together it can produce so called double dapple puppies, which have a higher risk of serious eye and hearing problems. Reputable breeders avoid this mating and are happy to explain their colour choices and breeding plans.

Insurance is worth considering for this breed, since treatment for spinal problems and other serious conditions can be expensive. A policy that covers long term conditions can offer peace of mind, especially given the possibility of IVDD. When choosing insurance, read the small print so you understand what is covered and for how long.

At home, you can help protect your Dachshund’s health by:

• Keeping them lean, not just “not fat”
• Using a harness and sensible handling techniques
• Building up exercise gradually, rather than weekend overexertion
• Offering anti slip matting on slippery floors if needed

When cared for thoughtfully, many Dachshunds enjoy long, active lives. Their love of comfort means they often transition gently into seniorhood, happy to enjoy slightly shorter walks and longer naps, as long as they remain part of family life. A strong partnership with a good vet and a proactive approach to health are key parts of responsible Dachshund ownership.

History & Origins

The Dachshund’s history is closely linked to human hunting traditions in central Europe. The breed was developed in Germany, where the name literally means “badger dog”. Early descriptions and artwork suggest that dogs with long bodies and short legs were bred hundreds of years ago for going underground after burrowing animals. They needed to be bold enough to confront tough quarry in tight spaces, while still small and flexible enough to move through tunnels that humans could not enter.

Early Dachshunds varied in size and type depending on their specific jobs. Larger, more powerful dogs went after badgers and foxes, while smaller ones were used on rabbit and other small game. Over time, hunters and foresters refined the breed to create a dog that combined persistence, scenting ability, courage, and a strong voice. The distinct bark allowed hunters to hear what their dog was doing below ground. The deep chest seen in today’s Dachshund reflects the powerful lungs needed for such work.

Coat types also developed according to function and local conditions. The smooth coated Dachshund was common in many early lines and offered a low maintenance coat that did not easily tangle in undergrowth. The long haired variety is thought to have emerged when dogs with slightly longer coats were selected, perhaps influenced by crosses with spaniel type dogs. Their softer, flowing coats helped protect them in colder conditions. Later, wire haired Dachshunds were developed, likely through the introduction of terrier blood, to create a tougher coat for harsher terrain and weather, as well as a somewhat more terrier like temperament suited to certain types of hunting.

As the breed spread beyond Germany, people in other countries began to appreciate the Dachshund not only as a working dog but also as a companion. In Britain and other parts of Europe, Dachshunds became popular with both country sportsmen and town dwellers. Breed clubs were founded, and formal standards were written to describe the ideal appearance and character of the Dachshund. Different sizes, especially the Miniature varieties, became more established as people selected breeding stock with specific weights and heights in mind.

The Dachshund’s association with Germany meant that its popularity dipped in some places during times of war, but the strength of the breed’s character and the dedication of enthusiasts kept it going. Over the twentieth century, the Dachshund gradually moved from a primarily working role to a dual purpose dog, still capable of hunting where that tradition continued, but increasingly seen as a cherished family companion.

Today, Dachshunds are among the most recognised breeds worldwide. They appear in artwork, advertising, and popular culture, often depicted as humorous little dogs with oversized personalities. Behind the cartoon image, however, remains a serious working dog heritage. In some regions, Dachshunds are still used for tracking wounded game or flushing animals from cover. Trials and working tests exist to assess their skills in scenting and trailing, and many breeders are keen to preserve these abilities.

In modern homes around the globe, the Dachshund has adapted neatly to urban and rural life alike. Its compact size suits apartments and smaller houses, while its sturdy build and lively temperament mean it can keep up on country walks and outings. Clubs and organisations dedicated to the breed promote responsible breeding, health testing, and education, helping to ensure that the Dachshund’s unique combination of courage, intelligence, and charm continues to thrive for future generations.

Understanding this hunting background helps explain many typical Dachshund traits today, such as their strong prey drive, determination, and talkative nature. It reminds owners that, although they may now live on sofas rather than in forests, Dachshunds still carry the instincts and structure of a dog designed for serious work underground.

Living with the Breed

Bringing a Dachshund into your life is a commitment that blends fun, affection, and responsibility. These little dogs fit well into many households, but they are not a casual choice. Before deciding on this breed, it helps to picture a typical day and consider what the dog will need from you.

Daily life with a Dachshund usually involves regular walks, plenty of interaction, and some thoughtful management of the home environment. They are people oriented dogs who rarely enjoy being left alone for long hours every day. Many do fine with a normal working schedule if they are gradually taught to settle and given mental stimulation, but they are not ideal for situations where they would be alone for most of the day without company or breaks. Having another dog can help some individuals, but it does not fully replace human attention.

Inside the home, Dachshunds often like to be involved in whatever is going on. They may follow you from room to room, supervise household tasks, and then curl up under a blanket or on your lap. Because of their love of warmth, many owners provide soft beds in quiet corners, snuggle sacks, or fleece blankets where the dog can burrow. It is important to teach them to relax on their own bed as well, so they do not feel the need to guard furniture or become overly possessive of one person.

Protecting the back is a practical part of living with a Dachshund. Simple changes, such as using a ramp to allow safe access to a favourite sofa, teaching the dog to wait to be lifted rather than jumping, and limiting access to steep stairs, soon become part of normal routine. When lifting a Dachshund, always support both the chest and the hindquarters so the spine stays level. Children need to be shown this method and supervised until they have learned it.

Financially, owning a Dachshund involves the usual costs of food, routine veterinary care, insurance, and equipment, with the potential for higher expenses if back problems or other health issues arise. Approximate yearly costs will vary by country, but it is sensible to budget for:

• Quality food appropriate to size and age
• Regular vaccinations or titre testing, flea and worm prevention
• Insurance or a savings plan for unexpected vet bills
• Routine grooming tools or professional grooming for wire haired dogs
• Training classes or activities

On top of this, you will need an initial outlay for equipment such as:

• A well fitting harness designed to avoid pressure on the neck
• A sturdy, comfortable lead
• A supportive bed or crate with non slip surfaces
• Food and water bowls, ideally non tip designs
• Nail clippers or access to a professional who can trim nails
• Secure fencing for a garden, since many Dachshunds are skilled diggers

Because of their curious nature, Dachshunds benefit from a safely enclosed outdoor space. Many love to explore and dig, so providing a designated digging area, such as a corner of the garden or a sandpit, can make both dog and gardener happier. Consistent recall training is essential, especially since a strong scent can tempt them to ignore calls. Some owners choose to keep their Dachshunds on a long training line when walking in areas with wildlife or near roads.

Social life with a Dachshund can be very enjoyable. They often attract attention in public due to their striking shape and charming expressions. It is wise to teach polite behaviour when greeting strangers, including a sit to be petted and calm acceptance of other dogs approaching, within reason. Early enrolment in a well run puppy class or basic manners group provides practice in these skills and builds confidence.

Prospective owners should also consider their long term plans. Dachshunds are a long lived breed and will need consistent care into their senior years. This may include modifications such as extra ramps, shorter but more frequent walks, and medication for age related stiffness. In return, older Dachshunds can be wonderfully companionable, content with gentle outings and lots of cosy resting time with their people.

Overall, living with a Dachshund suits people who enjoy a close relationship with a dog that has character, opinions, and energy, without needing huge amounts of intense exercise. They reward commitment with loyalty, entertainment, and a presence that feels far bigger than their physical size. If you are prepared to manage their health needs sensibly, invest in training, and share your daily life with a little dog who thinks it is a big one, a Dachshund can become a much loved member of the family for many years.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Dachshunds really prone to back problems, and can it be prevented?

They have a long spine and short legs, which increases the risk of intervertebral disc disease. You can reduce the risk by keeping them slim, avoiding lots of stairs and high jumps, and supporting their back when lifting. Using ramps for furniture and choosing moderate, regular exercise instead of intense impact activities also helps. Even with good care, some individuals will still have back issues, so pet insurance and early vet checks are wise.

Do Dachshunds need a lot of exercise or are they just lap dogs?

They are small but originally bred for hunting, so most have more energy than people expect. Typically they need a couple of brisk walks a day plus play and sniffing time, not just a quick trip to the yard. Mental exercise like scent games and training is just as important as physical activity. Over-exercising young puppies or forcing long runs can stress their joints and back, so balance is key.

Is a Dachshund a good choice for families with children?

They can be wonderful family companions, but they are not always the best match for very rough or noisy households. Many are affectionate and playful, yet they dislike being mishandled and may snap if a child pulls, squeezes, or ignores warning signals. Supervision and teaching children how to gently interact are essential. Families that respect their space and fragility usually do well with this breed.

Why are Dachshunds so stubborn, and are they hard to train?

They were bred to work independently underground, which means they like to make their own decisions. This can look like stubbornness, especially with recall and house training. Consistent rules, short upbeat sessions, and high value rewards generally work better than corrections. Many excel at training when the owner is patient, creative, and very consistent.

Do Dachshunds bark a lot?

Many are naturally vocal watchdogs and will bark at noises, people passing, and other animals. Early training to teach a quiet cue and careful management of triggers can keep barking within reason. Boredom and lack of exercise make it worse, so mental enrichment is important. People in apartments or with close neighbors should plan to work on this from day one.

What is the difference between smooth, longhaired, and wirehaired Dachshunds in temperament and grooming?

Smooths are usually lowest maintenance for grooming but still shed and need regular brushing. Longhaired dogs often have a slightly softer, sometimes calmer temperament and need frequent brushing to prevent mats. Wirehaireds tend to have a scruffier, terrier-like personality and need hand-stripping or clipping plus routine brushing. Individual lines and socialization matter more than coat, but coat type does give some general tendencies.

Are Dachshunds suitable for apartment living?

Their small size works well in apartments as long as their exercise and mental needs are met. The main challenges are barking and sensitivity to hallway noises. Good soundproofing, daily walks, and early training around door and window triggers are important. They should not be left alone for very long workdays without company or breaks.

Can Dachshunds live with other pets like cats or small animals?

Many live peacefully with cats and other dogs if raised together and introduced carefully. They do have a strong hunting instinct, so small pets such as rodents or rabbits are often unsafe around them. Even friendly individuals may chase if something runs. Secure enclosures and supervised interactions are essential if you have small animals in the home.

How much grooming does a Dachshund really need?

Smooth coats need weekly brushing, nail trims, ear cleaning, and the occasional bath. Longhaired and wirehaired types need more frequent brushing to prevent tangles, plus professional grooming or hand-stripping for some wires. All types are prone to dirty ears and dental issues, so ear care and tooth brushing are important. Regular grooming is also a good time to check for skin problems and lumps.

How long do Dachshunds live, and what health issues should owners watch for?

They often live 12 to 16 years, sometimes longer with good care. Besides back problems, common issues include obesity, dental disease, heart disease, and in some lines eye disorders and epilepsy. Keeping them lean, feeding an appropriate diet, and scheduling regular vet checks can catch many problems early. Choosing a responsible breeder who screens for hereditary conditions lowers the overall risk.

Sources

• UK Dachshund Club
• British Veterinary Association
• FCI - Fédération Cynologique Internationale
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)