¶Table of Contents
¶Quick Facts
- Tiny in size but big in attitude, the Pomeranian is a classic “small dog with a large personality” that fills a home with energy and presence.
- Their fluffy double coat is one of the most recognizable in the dog world and comes in a wide range of colors, from orange and cream to black, blue, chocolate, sable and many combinations.
- Very people focused and alert, Pomeranians are often excellent little watchdogs who will quickly tell you if something changes around the home.
- Intelligent and quick to learn, they thrive on mental stimulation and short, fun training sessions rather than long, repetitive exercises.
- Despite their toy size, they are active and agile, but their exercise needs can usually be met with daily walks, play and indoor games, which suits many city and apartment lifestyles.
¶Appearance & Coat
The Pomeranian is the smallest variety of the Spitz family. At first glance, most people notice the fox‑like expression, the alert, dark eyes and the proud way they carry themselves. Adult dogs are compact, with a short back, a deep chest for their size and a level topline. The tail is one of their trademarks. It is set high and lies flat over the back, richly covered with long, flowing hair that gives a rounded silhouette.
In terms of size, many Pomeranians weigh between 2 and 3.5 kilograms, with a height around 20 to 24 centimeters at the shoulder. They should feel surprisingly solid when you lift them, not fragile or overly fine‑boned. A well‑built Pom looks balanced from all angles, with straight legs and enough substance to move soundly and confidently.
The coat is a true double coat. The undercoat is soft, thick and woolly, providing insulation. The outer coat is longer, harsher and stands out from the body, which gives that famous “powder puff” or ball‑like outline. Around the neck and chest the hair forms a ruff or mane, which is more prominent in males. The hindquarters often show distinct “pants” of longer hair.
Colors are remarkably varied. Common shades include:
- Orange in many tones
- Cream, white or cream sable
- Black, brown, chocolate, blue
- Black and tan, blue and tan, chocolate and tan
- Parti‑colors with white and patches of another color
For coat care, consistency is much more important than perfection. Plan for:
- Brushing 2 to 3 times a week with a pin brush and a comb, focusing on behind the ears, armpits, under the tail and the “pants” where tangles form easily.
- Gentle line brushing down to the skin rather than just skimming the surface. This helps prevent matting of the undercoat.
- Regular checks for small mats, which can hide moisture and irritate the skin if left.
- Occasional baths, roughly every 4 to 8 weeks, using a mild dog shampoo and thorough drying so the undercoat does not stay damp.
Keep the hair around the paws and under the feet trimmed for better grip and cleanliness. Many owners also lightly tidy the rear and tail area for hygiene. A Pomeranian in full coat is beautiful, but remember that shaving them very short can affect how the coat grows back and can reduce natural protection against heat and cold. Careful grooming is usually a better solution than clipping the coat away.
¶Temperament & Personality
Living with a Pomeranian often feels like sharing your home with a tiny, curious roommate who wants to be involved in everything. They are lively, alert and often quite talkative. Many Poms develop strong bonds with their people and like to follow them from room to room. Despite their size, they rarely see themselves as small and often greet life with confidence that can border on boldness.
With families, Pomeranians enjoy being in the middle of everyday activities. They like interaction, games and cuddles on the sofa. With children, they can be affectionate and playful, but their small bodies are vulnerable to rough handling. This breed is usually best suited to families with slightly older, dog‑savvy children who can learn to sit on the floor with the dog, avoid grabbing, and respect when the dog wants space.
Around other dogs, the Pomeranian can be surprisingly fearless. Some individuals will happily play with much larger dogs, which is not always safe. Others are more reserved and prefer the company of dogs their own size. Early socialisation helps them learn polite dog language and reduces the risk of “big attitude in a tiny body” turning into reactive barking or snapping. With cats and other pets, many Poms can live peacefully if they are introduced calmly and early.
Their alert, bright nature makes them quick to notice sights and sounds. This is part of what makes them good little watchdogs but also what can lead to excessive barking if it is not guided. Neighbours in apartments will appreciate early training to teach “quiet” and set routines, such as calmly watching out the window without reacting to every passer‑by.
Many owners describe Pomeranians as surprisingly sensitive. They do best with kind, consistent routines and clear boundaries rather than harsh corrections. When they feel secure, they show a charming combination of independence and affection. They often enjoy short bursts of play followed by time close to their person.
¶Training & Exercise
Although the Pomeranian belongs to the toy group, it shares working roots with larger Spitz breeds, which shows in its intelligence and quick reactions. They tend to enjoy training that feels like a game. Many are food motivated, others love small toys or praise. Short, varied training sessions of 5 to 10 minutes suit them better than long, repetitive drills.
Positive reinforcement is essential. These dogs can be proud and will often shut down if training feels unpleasant. Reward the behaviours you want to see and use gentle management to prevent unwanted habits from being rehearsed. Because Pomeranians are very observant, they often learn household routines without much effort. This is convenient but also means they can pick up less desirable habits, such as running to the door at the slightest noise or demanding attention with barking.
Basic training priorities should include:
- Reliable recall suited to their size and safety
- Calm greetings with people and dogs
- Barking on cue and “quiet” on cue
- Handling and grooming training, for brushing, teeth care and vet visits
- Confidence building through simple tricks and nose work
Exercise needs are usually moderate compared with larger active breeds. Most adult Poms are happy with:
- Two to three short walks per day, adapted to the dog’s age and fitness
- Extra play sessions indoors or in a safe, enclosed garden
- Mental exercise such as puzzle toys, scent games and simple obedience or trick training
Because of their size, a Pomeranian’s joints and growth plates must be protected, especially in puppies. Avoid long stair sessions, jumping from furniture and very long or intense runs. Cold or very wet weather can be tiring for them, so a well‑fitting dog coat during winter and careful monitoring in hot weather are both helpful. In summer, pick cooler times of day for walks and always provide fresh water and shade.
For owners who like structured activities, many Poms enjoy:
- Rally obedience with short, precise exercises
- Agility on a low, safe level with attention to joint safety
- Trick training and freestyle where their expressive nature can shine
¶Health
The Pomeranian is a generally long‑lived breed, and it is not unusual for well cared‑for individuals to reach 12 to 15 years or more. At the same time, like all breeds, they have some health areas that owners and breeders should pay special attention to.
Because of their toy size, dental health is a key topic. Their small jaws can lead to crowded teeth and increased plaque build‑up. Daily or near‑daily tooth brushing with dog toothpaste, along with regular dental checks at the vet, helps prevent painful dental disease later in life.
Orthopedic issues can occur, especially patellar luxation, where the kneecap moves out of its normal position. Responsible breeders screen breeding dogs for knee health. As an owner, keeping your Pomeranian slim and avoiding frequent jumping from high furniture, especially in puppyhood, can reduce strain on the joints.
Some Pomeranians may experience tracheal sensitivity or collapsing trachea. This can show as a dry, honking cough, especially when pulling on the lead. Using a well‑fitting harness instead of a collar for walks is usually recommended to take pressure off the neck. If you notice persistent coughing or breathing changes, a veterinary check is important.
Other issues that can be seen in the breed include:
- Certain eye conditions, such as cataracts
- Heart disease in older age
- Skin and coat problems, including alopecia or so‑called “black skin disease” in some lines
Prospective puppy buyers can ask breeders which health tests they perform and how they work to maintain healthy lines. Many responsible breeders use knee evaluations, eye examinations and, in some countries, additional tests recommended by kennel clubs or breed clubs.
Weight management is another simple but vital health factor. It is easy to overfeed a small dog. Even a little extra weight can put strain on the heart and joints. Use a measuring cup for food, include treats in the daily ration and aim to feel ribs under a light fat cover.
Finally, schedule regular vet checks and keep vaccinations and parasite protection up to date. Considering pet insurance is often wise for small breeds that may require dental work or specialist diagnostics in older age.
¶History & Origins
The Pomeranian belongs to the wider Spitz family, which also includes breeds like the German Spitz, Samoyed and Finnish Spitz. All share typical features such as a pointed muzzle, erect ears, a thick double coat and a curled tail. Historically, Spitz‑type dogs developed in colder climates, working as watchdogs, sled dogs and general farm helpers.
The ancestors of today’s Pomeranian were much larger, often weighing 10 to 15 kilograms or more. They came from the region historically known as Pomerania, located along the Baltic Sea in what is now parts of Germany and Poland. There they worked as versatile farm dogs and companions, valued for their alertness, weather resistant coats and loyalty.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, these dogs attracted attention in Britain and elsewhere in Europe as charming companions. Over time, breeders selected for smaller size, richer coat and a more companion oriented temperament. One of the most famous admirers was Queen Victoria, who kept and bred Pomeranians. Her preference for smaller individuals greatly influenced the breed, leading to the miniature version we recognize today.
As the breed spread, different color varieties became popular in different periods. Orange and sable were favoured for many years, but modern breeding has embraced a wide palette. Breed standards across kennel clubs today emphasize type, soundness and the characteristic lively, proud expression.
Today the Pomeranian is primarily a companion and show dog. They appear in conformation shows worldwide and are also increasingly seen in dog sports, therapy work and as urban family dogs. Despite their refined appearance, many still show hints of their working background in their alertness, curiosity and strong sense of territory.
Their journey from robust farm Spitz to glamorous toy companion is one of the more dramatic size changes in the dog world. Yet at heart, a Pomeranian still carries much of the spirit of a larger Spitz, only in a smaller, portable package that suits modern home and city life.
¶Living with the Breed
Sharing your life with a Pomeranian means adjusting to a small but vivid presence that is often involved in most of your daily routines. These dogs tend to bond closely with their families and do not enjoy being left alone for very long. Many cope well with a normal working day if they are gradually trained to it and receive quality time, mental stimulation and exercise when their people are home. Very long days alone, day after day, are not ideal.
New owners should be ready for:
- Regular grooming with brushing several times a week
- Daily walks and playtime, even though the dog is small
- Ongoing training to manage barking and polite behaviour
- A focus on dental care and general health maintenance
Costs will vary by country, but it helps to plan for:
- Initial purchase price, which can be considerable for a well bred Pomeranian
- Vaccinations, microchipping and early vet care
- Spaying or neutering if not used for breeding
- Quality food suitable for small breeds
- Regular grooming tools or professional grooming if you prefer help
- Insurance and routine veterinary checks each year
Over a year, routine costs plus occasional extras like dental cleaning or minor illnesses can add up. Having a financial buffer or insurance policy makes it easier to handle surprises without stress.
Useful equipment for a Pomeranian includes:
- A comfortable, snug harness that does not pressure the neck
- Light but sturdy leads, plus a long line for safe outdoor freedom
- A crate or pen as a safe resting place and for travel
- Non slip steps or ramps if the dog often gets on sofas or beds
- Puzzle toys, snuffle mats and chew items suited to small jaws
- A soft, warm bed placed away from drafts
Living space can be small or large. Poms can thrive in apartments as long as their needs for company, movement and mental activity are met. Sound management is important in close living, so teaching calm behaviour at the door and rewarding quiet moments from an early age pays off later.
For those considering breeding, specialist knowledge of toy breed whelping, good support from a mentor and appropriate tools such as breeder tools and litter insurance are very helpful. Responsible breeding in this small breed requires careful planning of size, temperament and health.
If you are unsure whether a Pomeranian is the right breed for your lifestyle, exploring the Dog Breed Advisor can help you compare different breeds and reflect on what kind of companion will fit you best.
¶Characteristics
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Breed Type | Purebred |
| Aggressiveness | 1/5 |
| Child Friendly | 3/5 |
| Energy | 2/5 |
| Hair Shedding | 2/5 |
| Health | 3/5 |
| Intelligence | 4/5 |
| Grooming Needs | 4/5 |
| Learning Ability | 4/5 |
| Barking Level | 5/5 |
| Height | 18 – 23 cm |
| Weight | 2 – 2 kg |
| Life Expectancy | 12 – 16 years |
¶Frequently Asked Questions
Are Pomeranians good family dogs and do they get along with children?
They can be good family companions, but their tiny size and fragile build mean they are best suited to homes with gentle, dog‑savvy children. Many enjoy playing and being involved in family life, but supervision is important to prevent rough handling or accidental injury.
How much exercise does a Pomeranian really need each day?
Despite their small size, they are active and typically need two short walks plus playtime each day. Mental stimulation such as training games is just as important as physical exercise, because they are alert, quick learners that can become noisy or restless if bored.
Do Pomeranians bark a lot and can this be controlled?
They are naturally vocal watchdogs and tend to bark at new sounds, people or animals. Early training that rewards quiet behavior, along with enough exercise and mental activity, can significantly reduce nuisance barking but will not eliminate their alert nature.
What kind of grooming does a Pomeranian’s double coat require?
Their thick double coat needs brushing several times a week to prevent matting, especially around the neck, behind the ears and on the hindquarters. Professional grooming every few months can help keep the coat tidy, and shaving very short is generally discouraged because it can damage coat texture and growth.
Are Pomeranians prone to specific health problems?
They are particularly at risk for dental disease, luxating patellas, tracheal collapse and certain eye conditions. Regular veterinary checkups, good dental care and careful weight management help reduce the impact of these common issues.
Is a Pomeranian a good choice for apartment living?
Their small size and moderate exercise needs suit apartments well, as long as their barking is managed. They need daily walks, indoor play and consistent training so that their watchdog tendencies do not cause conflicts with neighbors.
How fragile is a Pomeranian and what should owners watch out for?
They have fine bone structure and are vulnerable to injury from falls, jumps off furniture and rough handling. Owners should supervise interactions with children and larger dogs, use a harness instead of a collar for walks and be cautious on stairs and slippery floors.
What is the typical temperament of a Pomeranian with strangers and other dogs?
They are usually bold, curious and sometimes a bit suspicious of strangers, often announcing visitors with barking. With other dogs, they may act fearless despite their size, so early socialization is important to build confidence and appropriate manners.
Do Pomeranians shed a lot and is there a heavy shedding season?
They shed year‑round and many go through heavier seasonal shedding, especially when they blow their undercoat. Regular brushing and frequent vacuuming help manage loose hair, but people wanting a low‑shed breed may find the coat difficult to live with.
Are Pomeranians easy to train and housebreak?
They are intelligent and usually eager to learn, which makes basic obedience training quite achievable with positive methods. Housebreaking can take patience because of their small bladder size, so a consistent schedule, frequent trips outside and sometimes indoor potty options are helpful.
¶Comparisons with other breeds
Compare Pomeranian with other breeds and see the differences in temperament, activity level, and care to make a confident choice. Show all comparisons
¶Find Pomeranian for sale in Sverige
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