Swedish Lapphund

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Ancient Nordic herding and reindeer dog, considered one of Sweden’s oldest native breeds
• Compact, spitz‑type body with a thick, weatherproof double coat and a foxlike, expressive face
• Lively, vocal, highly attentive companion that thrives on close contact with its people
• Excels in versatile activities such as herding, agility, rally obedience, tracking, and search work
• Still rare outside Scandinavia, so finding a responsible Swedish Lapphund breeder may take time and planning

Appearance & Coat

The Swedish Lapphund is a compact, medium‑small spitz‑type dog that looks perfectly at home in a snowy landscape. It is slightly longer than tall, with strong bone and a sturdy, athletic body under all that fluff. Males typically stand around 45 to 51 cm at the shoulder, while females are a little smaller, around 40 to 46 cm. Weight usually ranges from about 16 to 24 kg, depending on sex and individual build. The overall impression should be that of a capable working dog, never fragile or overly heavy.

The head is wedge‑shaped and dry, with a moderately broad skull and a clearly defined stop. Dark, almond‑shaped eyes give the dog its characteristic alert and kind expression. Ears are triangular, erect, and fairly small in relation to the head, which enhances the breed’s foxlike look. The tail is set high and carried curled over the back when the dog is moving or alert, though it can be dropped when the dog relaxes.

The Swedish Lapphund coat is one of its most distinctive features. It has a dense, soft undercoat that provides insulation in extreme weather, and a harsher, straight outer coat that sheds water and snow. The hair is shorter on the head and front of the legs, and longer on the neck, chest, and back of the thighs, forming a thick collar and a modest “trouser” effect. Compared to some other Nordic breeds, the coat is not as long, but it is still very plush and protective.

Color is typically solid black, sometimes with brownish or bronze shading. White markings are allowed and quite common, especially on the chest, feet, and tail tip. In some dogs, these white markings create striking contrasts against the dark background, which can be very eye‑catching. A rich, glossy black coat that shimmers in the light is highly desirable in the show ring.

Despite its abundance, the Swedish Lapphund coat is not particularly difficult to maintain if you are consistent. The main tasks are:

• Brushing thoroughly at least once or twice a week with a slicker brush or pin brush to remove dead hair and prevent tangles, especially around the ears, tail, and “pants”
• Using an undercoat rake during shedding seasons, usually twice a year, when the dog blows its coat and you may find tufts of fur everywhere
• Checking for debris and snowballs in winter, which can accumulate between the toes or in long feathering
• Bathing only when necessary, as the coat is somewhat self‑cleaning and frequent shampooing can strip its natural oils

Regular grooming sessions also offer a chance to check the dog’s skin, ears, and nails. Trim the nails regularly, since a heavily coated dog can hide overgrown claws. With sensible routine care, the Swedish Lapphund will keep its coat in good condition and will look like the hardy Nordic working dog it is, without the need for fancy trimming or professional grooming.

Temperament & Personality

Living with a Swedish Lapphund means sharing your home with a bright, lively, and affectionate companion. This breed was developed to work closely with people in tough conditions, and that heritage still shows in its personality. Swedish Lapphunds are strongly people‑oriented. They want to be part of family life, not just a dog in the yard. Most form intense bonds with their owners and often choose one person as a special favorite, although they usually love the entire family.

In daily life, the Swedish Lapphund is alert and responsive, always ready to participate in whatever is going on. They are typically cheerful, playful, and curious, with a strong desire to interact and communicate. That communication often includes a lot of vocalizing. Lapphunds are known barkers, a trait inherited from their work as herding and watch dogs. They use their voice to move reindeer and to alert to anything unusual. In a modern home, this can translate into enthusiastic announcements when someone approaches the door, when neighbors move outside, or when they are excited during play.

With proper socialization, Swedish Lapphunds are usually friendly or at least polite with strangers. They may initially be reserved or watchful, but outright shyness or aggression is not typical of the breed. They make good watchdogs, as they quickly notice changes in their environment and will bark to draw attention, but they are not generally guard dogs in the sense of being physically defensive.

Around children, the Swedish Lapphund is often patient and lively. Well‑socialized dogs tend to enjoy family chaos, chasing balls in the garden, or participating in outdoor adventures. As with any breed, supervision and clear rules are important, especially with young children who might pull at fur or ears. Many Lapphunds have a strong herding instinct, so they may try to circle or “gather” running children and can become excited by fast movement. It is helpful to teach both dog and children how to interact calmly and respectfully.

With other dogs, Swedish Lapphunds are usually sociable, especially if they have been raised with canine company. They were historically kept in groups working around reindeer herds, so they tend to have good dog communication skills. Males can sometimes be a little assertive with other males, but serious conflicts are not the norm in well‑managed dogs. Small pets like cats or rabbits may or may not be accepted, depending on the individual dog’s prey drive and the introduction process. Many learn to live peacefully with household cats if introduced carefully and early.

Common challenges with this breed include:

• Vocalization and barking, particularly in apartment living or very quiet neighborhoods
• Boredom‑related mischief if left alone too long or not given enough mental stimulation
• High sensitivity to their owner’s mood, which can make them a little clingy or anxious if boundaries are not set

Despite these challenges, for many people the Swedish Lapphund’s temperament is a joy. It is a dog that seems to understand human emotion, that wants to work together, and that often meets your eyes as if asking “What shall we do next”.

Training & Exercise

The Swedish Lapphund is an intelligent, active herding dog that thrives when given a job. This does not mean you must live on a farm with reindeer, but it does mean you should be prepared to invest time in training and regular activity. A bored Lapphund will create its own entertainment, which can involve redecorating your garden, rearranging shoes, or perfecting elaborate barking routines at passing birds.

As a working breed, Swedish Lapphunds are highly trainable. They learn quickly, often anticipate cues, and respond very well to positive reinforcement. Training based on rewards such as food, toys, and praise suits their sensitive nature. Harsh corrections or rough handling tend to backfire and can damage trust. Instead, clear boundaries, consistency, and short, varied training sessions keep them engaged and eager to learn.

Early puppy training should focus on:

• Socialization to different people, places, sounds, and surfaces
• Calm greeting manners and impulse control, such as waiting at doors
• Habituation to being handled, groomed, and examined
• Early work on recall and reliable response to their name, even around distractions

Because Swedish Lapphunds can be quite vocal, it is particularly useful to train a “quiet” cue early. Teaching the dog to bark on command and then to stop on cue can give you a practical way to manage noise. Reward calm behavior heavily, especially in situations where the dog would naturally be tempted to bark, like when visitors arrive.

Exercise needs are moderate to high. Most adult Swedish Lapphunds are happy with around 1.5 to 2 hours of total activity per day, split between walks, play, and mental work. They enjoy a good run, but they also need tasks that engage their brain. Simply letting them run in a yard is not enough.

They excel in many canine sports and activities, for example:

• Agility, where their quick reflexes and eagerness to work with their person shine
• Rally obedience, which lets them use their intelligence and attention to detail
• Tracking and search games, taking advantage of their keen nose
• Herding tests or classes, where available, to channel natural instincts in a controlled way

Off lead exercise is particularly appreciated, but it requires training, as their herding and hunting instincts may tempt them to chase wildlife. A long line is useful during the training phase to practice recalls in safe environments.

Mentally, Swedish Lapphunds benefit from:

• Food puzzles and slow feeders
• Scent games such as hiding treats or toys around the house or garden
• Short training sessions throughout the day rather than a single long one
• Occasional new experiences like different walking routes, visiting dog friendly shops, or exploring wooded areas

If their training and exercise needs are met, Swedish Lapphunds are typically calm and settled at home. They love to curl up near their people after a good day’s work. When these needs are ignored, you will quickly notice restless pacing, barking, and attention‑seeking behavior. Planning for daily activity is therefore essential for a peaceful, happy life with this breed.

Health

The Swedish Lapphund is generally considered a robust and hardy breed, shaped by harsh northern climates and generations of working life. Breed populations are still relatively small, so responsible breeders pay close attention to health and genetic diversity. For prospective owners, it is important to understand both the strengths and the potential vulnerabilities of the breed.

Overall, many Swedish Lapphunds live healthy lives well beyond 12 years, and it is not unusual for individuals to reach 14 or more with good care. Their moderate build, lack of extreme features, and active lifestyle contribute to this longevity. However, like all purebred dogs, certain conditions occur more frequently and should be taken seriously.

Conditions that are discussed in connection with the breed include:

• Hip dysplasia, a malformation of the hip joint that can lead to arthritis and pain
• Elbow dysplasia in some lines, although it appears less common than hip issues
• Progressive retinal atrophy and other inherited eye diseases that can cause vision loss
• Autoimmune conditions, which have been reported in spitz breeds, though not overwhelmingly common

Because of these risks, reputable breeders will:

• Screen breeding dogs for hip dysplasia, typically with official hip scores
• Often screen elbows where recommended in their country
• Have eye examinations carried out by a veterinary ophthalmologist at regular intervals
• Use available DNA tests for known genetic issues where applicable in their breeding program

As an owner, you can support your dog’s joint and overall health by:

• Keeping your Swedish Lapphund at a lean, athletic weight rather than letting them become overweight
• Avoiding excessive jumping or long, hard exercise on pavement while the dog is still growing
• Providing regular, low impact movement such as off lead walking on soft surfaces and swimming, where safe

Routine veterinary care remains vital. Plan for:

• Annual health checks, including listening to the heart, checking joints, teeth, and skin
• Vaccinations and parasite control suited to your region and lifestyle
• Dental care, either through tooth brushing at home or veterinary cleaning when necessary

The thick double coat needs some attention in relation to health as well. Dogs that are rarely brushed can develop mats close to the skin, which trap moisture and may lead to irritation or hot spots. Carefully parting the coat once in a while to inspect the skin helps you catch problems early. Check between toes and in the fur behind the ears, where small irritations may hide.

Because the Swedish Lapphund can be sensitive and closely attuned to its owner, stress and lack of mental stimulation may show up as digestive upsets, compulsive behaviors, or skin problems. A stable routine, clear communication, and regular engagement can play a surprisingly big role in the dog’s overall well‑being.

When speaking to breeders, ask open questions about the longevity of their dogs, common conditions in their lines, and what health tests they perform. A responsible Swedish Lapphund breeder will be happy to discuss these topics honestly. This background work, combined with good daily care, gives you the best chance of sharing many healthy years with your dog.

History & Origins

The Swedish Lapphund is deeply woven into the culture and history of the indigenous Sámi people of northern Scandinavia. For centuries, these dogs worked alongside humans in one of the most demanding environments on earth, above the Arctic Circle, where winter temperatures drop far below freezing and daylight can be scarce. Their primary task was to assist with the herding and management of semi wild reindeer, a central part of Sámi life.

These early Lapphunds developed naturally from the dogs that survived and worked best under these conditions. They needed to be agile, resilient, and intelligent. A thick, weatherproof coat protected them from icy winds and snow. Their alertness and vocal nature allowed them to move reindeer and to warn of predators or strangers approaching camp. At the same time, they had to live closely with people, often sleeping near the tents or huts, which likely encouraged a friendly, cooperative temperament.

Over time, various spitz‑type dogs of Lapland were used not only as herding dogs but also as watch dogs and sometimes for hunting. Several modern Nordic breeds share this heritage. The Swedish Lapphund is considered the oldest of the Swedish native spitz breeds and is sometimes affectionately called Sweden’s national dog. While exact origins are hard to trace, archaeological findings and historical records suggest that similar dogs have been present in the region for many hundreds, possibly thousands, of years.

Formal breed development began as interest in purebred dogs grew in Scandinavia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Enthusiasts started to identify and preserve the traditional type of Lappish herding dog in Sweden. The Swedish Kennel Club recognized the breed early in the twentieth century, and the Swedish Lapphund was one of the first Swedish breeds to be registered. Over the following decades, a written breed standard was refined, focusing on preserving working ability, typical appearance, and the characteristic lively, attentive expression.

In modern times, changes in reindeer herding practices, the introduction of snowmobiles, and shifts in rural life have reduced the need for large numbers of traditional working dogs. However, Swedish Lapphunds are still used for herding in some areas and remain a symbol of Sámi culture and Swedish rural heritage. Breed clubs in Sweden and other Nordic countries have actively promoted the conservation of the breed, both as a capable working dog and as a companion.

Today, the Swedish Lapphund is still relatively rare outside Scandinavia, with small but dedicated populations in countries such as the United Kingdom and parts of Europe. They participate in a wide range of activities, from herding and sledding support to modern dog sports like agility, obedience, and search and rescue. Many families keep them as active companions, appreciating their blend of history, character, and adaptability.

Although the world around them has changed dramatically, the essential qualities of the Swedish Lapphund remain. It is still the attentive, talkative, clever little spitz that once trotted beside Sámi herders under the northern lights, and that heritage is one of the things that makes the breed so special today.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Swedish Lapphund can be deeply rewarding if you understand what the breed needs and enjoy an interactive relationship with your dog. This is not a couch‑potato companion that is content with minimal involvement. The Swedish Lapphund thrives in households where someone is home often, where there is time for training and activity, and where the dog is seen as a true family member.

The ideal home offers:

• Daily physical exercise and mental stimulation
• Clear structure and gentle but consistent rules
• Plenty of social contact with people and, if possible, with other friendly dogs

Swedish Lapphunds adapt fairly well to different living situations. They can live in apartments if their exercise needs are met and if neighbors are tolerant of some barking. Access to a secure garden is helpful but not essential, as long as you are committed to walks, play, and training sessions every day. In rural or suburban homes, they enjoy helping with outdoor chores, following you as you work in the yard, or joining you on hikes and bike rides.

Because this is a sensitive and attached breed, they generally do not thrive if left alone for many hours on a regular basis. A Swedish Lapphund that spends long days alone, without sufficient interaction, may develop separation related issues or become very vocal. Families where someone works from home, or where the dog can occasionally accompany its person to work, often find that the breed fits particularly well.

Financially, owning a Swedish Lapphund is similar to owning other medium sized, active breeds. Annual costs typically include:

• Quality food suitable for an active spitz, which might be slightly more than average if you choose premium brands
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite prevention
• Pet insurance or savings for unexpected health issues
• Grooming supplies such as brushes, undercoat rakes, nail clippers, and dog shampoo
• Training classes, sports club memberships, or participation fees for activities

On average, many owners find that the yearly cost of keeping a Swedish Lapphund comfortably can sit in the mid range for dogs of this size, although it will vary with country and lifestyle.

Useful equipment to have from the beginning includes:

• A secure, comfortable harness and a sturdy leash
• A long line for safe off lead training in open areas
• A selection of durable toys for chewing, tugging, and puzzle solving
• Food puzzles and interactive feeders to provide mental work
• A crate or safe resting area, which can help the dog relax and gives it a retreat

Grooming equipment is especially important. Investing in a good quality pin brush, slicker brush, and undercoat rake will make your life much easier when shedding season arrives. Many owners also find a high quality pet blower useful to remove loose coat after baths and to dry the thick fur quickly.

Prospective owners should also consider whether they are comfortable managing a vocal breed. While training can reduce unnecessary barking, a completely silent Swedish Lapphund is unrealistic. If you have thin walls and very noise sensitive neighbors, this may require extra planning.

On the positive side, living with a Swedish Lapphund offers a deep sense of partnership. These dogs like to be involved in all aspects of life, whether it is outdoor adventures, dog sports, or quiet evenings on the sofa. Their attentive nature makes them excellent companions for people who enjoy training and communicating with their dog every day. Many owners describe their Lapphund as a friend who is always ready to listen, to watch, and to share in whatever the day brings.

If you are prepared for the commitment in time, training, and interaction, the Swedish Lapphund can be an affectionate, intelligent, and entertaining addition to your home. With the right environment and care, this ancient Nordic herder becomes a modern family companion that carries its long history into your everyday life.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of temperament does the Swedish Lapphund have with family and strangers?

This breed is typically affectionate and devoted with its family, often forming a very close bond with one person. With strangers it is usually reserved and watchful rather than outgoing, a reflection of its traditional role as a barking watchdog for reindeer herds. Good socialization from puppyhood helps prevent excessive suspicion or shyness.

How much exercise does a Swedish Lapphund really need each day?

This is an active, working‑bred dog that usually needs at least 60 to 90 minutes of physical activity every day, plus mental challenges such as training or scent games. It is built for stamina more than flat‑out speed, so long walks, hiking, herding‑style games, and dog sports suit it well. Without enough outlet for its energy and intelligence, it may become vocal or develop nuisance behaviors.

Is the Swedish Lapphund as vocal as people say, and can the barking be managed?

Historically the breed used its bark to move and control reindeer, so a strong tendency to bark is typical. Many individuals will sound off at movement, new sounds, or visitors. Consistent training, early teaching of a quiet cue, and providing enough exercise and mental stimulation are important to keep barking at a manageable level.

How well does a Swedish Lapphund cope with hot weather given its thick coat?

The double coat is designed for cold climates and provides some insulation against heat, but these dogs generally prefer cooler temperatures. In warm or humid weather they should have access to shade and fresh water and avoid intense exercise during the hottest hours. Clipping the coat is not recommended, since it can interfere with the coat’s insulating properties and regrowth.

What grooming does a Swedish Lapphund require and how much does it shed?

The coat is dense and weather resistant but not particularly difficult to care for if maintained regularly. Weekly brushing is usually enough most of the year, with more frequent brushing during seasonal shedding when large amounts of undercoat are released. Baths can be occasional, as the coat tends to repel dirt when healthy and well brushed.

Are there specific health issues that Swedish Lapphunds are prone to?

Overall this is considered a relatively healthy and robust breed, partly due to a smaller global population and careful breeding in some lines. Known concerns include hip dysplasia, certain eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy, and occasionally autoimmune or allergy‑related problems. Responsible breeders usually screen for hip and eye issues to reduce risk.

Is a Swedish Lapphund suitable for apartment living or does it need a large yard?

Life in an apartment can work if the dog receives ample daily exercise, training, and mental enrichment. However, its historic role as a vocal herding and alert dog means barking can be a challenge in shared walls housing. A securely fenced yard is helpful but not a substitute for structured activity and interaction.

How does a Swedish Lapphund typically get along with other dogs and pets?

Most are sociable with other dogs when well socialized, though some can be a little bossy due to their herding background and confidence. They may try to herd other pets or chase fast‑moving animals, so supervision and training are important in multi‑pet homes. Early exposure and clear boundaries usually lead to harmonious relationships.

What kind of training style works best for a Swedish Lapphund?

This breed is intelligent, quick to learn, and often very eager to work with its person, but it can be independent and easily bored by repetition. Consistent, positive reinforcement with variety in exercises tends to produce the best results. Harsh methods are unnecessary and can damage trust, while mentally challenging activities such as obedience, rally, tracking, or herding outlets are ideal.

How rare is the Swedish Lapphund and does that affect finding a puppy or adult dog?

The breed is relatively rare outside its Nordic homeland, with limited numbers in many countries. This can mean a longer wait for a responsibly bred puppy and potentially the need to work with breeders in other regions. For some people, contacting national breed clubs or rescue organizations is a useful way to learn about upcoming litters or available adults.

Sources

• Swedish Kennel Club
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• The Lapphund Club of Finland
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Deutscher Club für Nordische Hunde (German Club for Northern Dogs)