## Quick Facts

- Tiny companion breed from the Czech Republic, traditionally used as a nimble ratter in castles and city homes  
- Very small and lightweight, yet surprisingly athletic and confident in attitude  
- Strong bond with their people, often choosing one favorite person while still loving the whole family  
- Short, easy care coat, but they feel the cold and usually need a sweater or coat in cooler weather  
- Alert watchdog with a big voice for such a small body, making them excellent little house guardians  

## Appearance & Coat

The Prague Ratter is one of the smallest dog breeds in the world, but their presence feels much larger than their size. Most adults stand around 20 to 23 centimeters at the shoulder and weigh between 1.5 and 3.5 kilograms. They are compact, well balanced and lightly built, with a fine bone structure that still feels surprisingly sturdy in the hand. Their body is slightly longer than tall, with a graceful neck and an elegant, almost toy like silhouette.

The head is small and refined, with a gently rounded skull and a narrow muzzle that tapers without appearing snippy. Dark, expressive eyes give the Prague Ratter a lively and alert expression that many owners describe as nearly human. Ears are usually set high and carried erect, which adds to their inquisitive look. The tail may be natural or docked depending on local regulations, but in motion it often curves slightly and shows how much they enjoy life.

The coat of the Prague Ratter is most commonly short, smooth and tight to the body, with a glossy shine when in good condition. There is also a longer coated variety, sometimes with light feathering on ears, legs and tail, although the short coat is still much more widespread. Classic coloring for the breed is black and tan, with rich tan markings above the eyes, on the cheeks, chest, legs and under the tail. However, other colors exist, such as brown and tan, blue and tan, red, yellow and occasionally merle in some lines where it is allowed.

Caring for the coat is generally straightforward, which is one reason the Prague Ratter appeals to many modern owners. A weekly brush with a soft bristle brush or grooming glove is usually enough to remove loose hairs and keep the coat shiny. During seasonal shedding periods, brushing two or three times a week can help reduce hair around the house. Because the coat is so short, skin health is particularly important. Use mild dog shampoo, avoid over bathing, and check regularly for dry patches or irritation.

Their small size means they feel temperature changes quite strongly. In cool or wet weather, most Prague Ratters appreciate a light coat or sweater, especially on windy days. In winter in colder climates, a warm jacket and even small dog boots can be useful for longer walks, as salt and ice may irritate their delicate paws. Regular nail trimming, ear cleaning and dental care are also essential, since many toy breeds are prone to dental tartar and gum issues. With a simple but consistent grooming routine, a Prague Ratter will stay neat and comfortable with very little fuss.

## Temperament & Personality

The Prague Ratter is often described as a big dog in a tiny body. They are confident, spirited and curious, and they love to be involved in everything their family does. In daily life, you can expect a Prague Ratter to follow you from room to room, jump onto the sofa to sit beside you, and quickly learn the sounds of your routine. They thrive on human company and usually do not enjoy being left alone for long periods.

With their families, Prague Ratters tend to be very affectionate and loyal. Many form a particularly close bond with one person, often the main caregiver, while still being friendly and cuddly with other family members. They like to burrow under blankets, curl up on laps, and sleep close to their people at night. For some owners this closeness is the best part of living with the breed, but it also means that these dogs can become quite dependent and may develop separation anxiety if not trained to be comfortable alone.

Around children, the Prague Ratter can be a loving and playful companion, but their tiny size requires careful supervision. Well raised children who understand how to be gentle can enjoy teaching tricks, playing short games of fetch or simply cuddling on the sofa. However, rough handling, squeezing or accidental dropping can seriously injure such a small dog. Families with very young or boisterous children must think honestly about whether everyone can respect the physical limits of the breed.

With other dogs, Prague Ratters are often confident and sometimes a little too bold. They may challenge much larger dogs without realizing how small they really are. Early socialization in safe environments is important, so they learn to read other dogs correctly and to interact politely. With other small dogs they usually get along well, especially if introduced gradually. Their original role as a ratter means that many keep a strong prey drive, so caution is needed with pet rodents, small birds or free roaming rabbits. Some can live with cats, especially if raised together from puppyhood, but many will still chase if the cat runs.

One notable personality trait of the Prague Ratter is their alertness. They notice every sound in the hallway, footsteps outside the door, and cars arriving at the house. This makes them excellent little watchdogs, but it can also lead to nuisance barking if not managed. Teaching a reliable “quiet” cue and rewarding calm behavior works better than scolding. Because they are intelligent and eager to please, Prague Ratters respond well to gentle, reward based training that makes them think and keeps them included.

Potential challenges include:

- Tendency to bark at noises or strangers  
- Strong attachment that can turn into separation anxiety  
- Prey drive towards small animals  
- Overconfidence with larger dogs

For owners who can provide structure, patience and plenty of closeness, the Prague Ratter is a deeply loving companion with a lively, entertaining personality that fills the home with energy.

## Training & Exercise

Despite their tiny body, the Prague Ratter is an active and quick thinking dog that truly enjoys training. They are usually food motivated, curious and eager to be part of whatever their person is doing. This combination means that, with the right approach, training can be both effective and great fun for everyone.

The best training methods for a Prague Ratter are positive and encouraging. They respond very well to:

- Small, tasty treats as rewards  
- Verbal praise delivered in a warm, happy tone  
- Short, varied sessions that keep boredom away  
- Games that let them use both body and brain  

Harsh corrections, shouting or physical punishment can damage their trust and may make them anxious or defensive. Given their sensitive nature, it is much more successful to guide them gently and reward what you like, rather than focusing heavily on what you do not want.

Basic obedience such as sit, down, stay, recall and walking nicely on a leash should start early. Because of their size, some owners fall into the trap of carrying them everywhere and allowing pushy behaviors that would never be accepted in a larger dog. It is important to remember that a Prague Ratter is still a dog, not a toy, and needs the same clear boundaries and consistent rules as any other breed. Teaching them to walk on their own four paws, wait calmly at doors, and greet people politely helps prevent “small dog syndrome” and makes daily life easier.

Exercise needs are moderate but not negligible. A Prague Ratter does not require long mountain hikes, but they do enjoy several short walks every day, along with time to sniff, explore and play. Many adults are happy with around 45 to 60 minutes of activity spread throughout the day, adapted to their age and health. This might include:

- Two or three brisk walks of 10 to 20 minutes each  
- Play sessions at home such as fetch or tug with safe, lightweight toys  
- Short indoor training games on rainy or very cold days  

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise. Because of their history as ratters, many Prague Ratters enjoy nose work games, searching for treats hidden in folded towels or simple puzzle toys. Some take to beginner level agility, trick training or mini obedience competitions. These activities help to channel their natural alertness and intelligence, and they also strengthen the bond between dog and owner.

Owners should keep in mind that the Prague Ratter is small and can tire more quickly than a larger, athletic breed, especially on rough terrain or in extreme temperatures. Watch for signs of fatigue, such as lagging behind, panting heavily or refusing to continue. In hot weather, avoid walking in the full midday sun and offer water frequently. In cold weather, keep walks shorter and use dog clothing to protect their body and paws.

Early socialization is a key part of training. Expose your Prague Ratter puppy to different people, gentle dogs, vehicles, sounds and environments in a positive, controlled way. Reward calm curiosity and allow them to retreat if something worries them, rather than forcing contact. A well socialized Prague Ratter is far less likely to develop fearfulness or sharpness in adulthood.

When training and exercise are tailored to their size and temperament, Prague Ratters become delightful, manageable companions who enjoy learning, exploring and being by your side in everyday life.

## Health

Although usually a robust and lively little dog, the Prague Ratter does have some health issues that owners and breeders should be aware of. Responsible breeding, routine veterinary care and careful daily management all play an important role in keeping this breed healthy over the long term.

Common health concerns in Prague Ratters can include:

- Patellar luxation, where the kneecap slips out of place, causing lameness or hopping  
- Dental problems such as tartar build up, gum disease and retained baby teeth, which are common in many toy breeds  
- Fragile bones in very small individuals, leading to a risk of fractures from jumping or accidental falls  
- Heart issues in some lines, particularly valve diseases that may appear with age  
- Eye conditions such as cataracts or dry eye in certain bloodlines  

Because of these potential problems, many breed clubs and responsible breeders recommend specific health tests. These may include veterinary examination of the knees to check for patellar luxation, eye examinations by a specialist, and in some cases heart evaluations. Prospective puppy buyers should feel comfortable asking breeders what health checks have been carried out on the parents, and requesting to see the relevant documentation.

Lifespan for a well cared for Prague Ratter is often between 12 and 15 years, and many remain active and playful well into their senior years. To support a long and healthy life, owners should focus on several key areas.

Firstly, weight management is essential. Even a small amount of extra weight is significant on such a tiny frame and can increase the strain on joints, heart and other organs. Feed a high quality, age appropriate diet and measure portions carefully. Treats should make up only a small part of daily calorie intake. It is easy to spoil such a small, cute dog with snacks, but their body will thank you for moderation.

Secondly, dental care deserves special attention. Daily or at least frequent tooth brushing with dog safe toothpaste helps to prevent plaque and tartar buildup. Regular dental check ups with the vet allow early intervention if problems arise. Many Prague Ratters accept tooth brushing readily if introduced gradually with patience and rewards.

Thirdly, owners should protect their dog from accidents and injuries. Avoid allowing a Prague Ratter to jump from high furniture or run up and down steep stairs repeatedly. Train them to use ramps or small steps to reach sofas or beds if they are allowed on furniture. When out on walks, use a lightweight harness instead of a collar for leash attachment, to avoid pressure on the delicate neck and trachea.

Routine preventive care such as vaccinations, parasite control, and annual health checks are also important. Senior Prague Ratters may benefit from more frequent veterinary visits to monitor heart function, joints, dental health and general condition. Early detection of changes, such as weight loss, coughing, stiffness or increased thirst, can greatly improve the success of treatment.

Breeders who care about the future of the Prague Ratter focus not only on appearance but also on solid health, sound temperament and appropriate size. As a buyer or owner, supporting these efforts by choosing responsible breeders and following veterinary advice will help to keep this charming little breed healthy and happy for generations to come.

## History & Origins

The Prague Ratter, known in its homeland as Pražský krysařík, has a history that stretches back many centuries in the Czech lands and neighboring regions. While the exact origins are not fully documented, it is widely believed that small, agile terrier type dogs were kept in royal courts, castles and city houses to control rats and other vermin. Their compact size, quick reflexes and keen hunting instinct made them extremely effective at this job.

Historical records and paintings from Central Europe show tiny black and tan dogs at the side of nobility and in the bustling streets of medieval towns. These early Prague Ratters were valued not only as working ratters but also as charming companions, often living close to their owners and sharing their daily life. Their presence in royal courts helped spread their reputation abroad as well, and small dogs similar to the Prague Ratter appeared in other European countries.

Over time, changes in living conditions, urban development and the introduction of other fashionable toy breeds led to a decline in the popularity of the Prague Ratter. For a period, the breed seemed at risk of disappearing, kept mainly by a small number of enthusiasts in rural areas and by families who valued them as traditional rat catchers and house companions.

In the late 20th century, interest in native breeds and cultural heritage in the Czech Republic led to renewed efforts to preserve and standardize the Prague Ratter. Dedicated breeders began to select carefully for type, temperament and health, and a modern breed standard was created. This work helped the Prague Ratter move from a nearly forgotten local dog to an internationally recognized companion breed with growing popularity in various European countries and beyond.

Today, the Prague Ratter is no longer relied on as a working ratter in most homes, although many still show a strong instinct to chase mice and small pests if they get the chance. Instead, the breed is primarily a beloved companion, valued for its affectionate nature, intelligence and compact size that fits well into modern city living. In some countries, Prague Ratters can also be seen in dog sports such as agility, obedience or trick competitions, where their lively character and quick learning stand out.

Breed clubs in the Czech Republic, France, Scandinavia and other regions now work together to maintain and promote the Prague Ratter. The focus is on preserving its historic charm and usefulness as a small, alert and loving family dog, while ensuring solid health and stable temperament. For people who appreciate a breed with deep local roots and a story that connects royal courts, city alleys and modern apartments, the Prague Ratter carries a rich and fascinating heritage in a very tiny body.

## Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Prague Ratter is often described as having a tiny shadow with a huge personality. This breed thrives on being close to their people and is best suited to owners who enjoy a dog that wants to be involved in daily routines rather than lying quietly in a corner. If you like a dog that sits on your lap while you work, curls up under the blanket in the evening and greets you joyfully after even short absences, the Prague Ratter can be a wonderful match.

Prospective owners should be prepared for a relatively high level of emotional commitment. These dogs form strong attachments and can be sensitive to changes in routine, raised voices or family tension. They do best in homes where they are treated as a true family member and where someone is usually present for much of the day. A Prague Ratter left alone regularly for long hours may develop barking, destructive behavior or anxiety.

From a practical point of view, their small size is both an advantage and a responsibility. On one hand, they fit easily into small apartments, and many landlords who accept dogs are more open to such a tiny breed. Daily exercise is relatively easy to provide, since shorter walks and indoor play can already meet a large part of their needs. On the other hand, owners must always be aware of physical risks, such as being stepped on, caught in a door, or injured by larger animals. Simple habits like checking where the dog is before moving a chair or closing a door become second nature.

Financially, annual costs for a Prague Ratter are often lower than for large dogs, particularly when it comes to food and some medications that depend on weight. However, there are still important expenses to consider:

- Purchase price from a responsible breeder  
- Vaccinations, routine veterinary checks and parasite control  
- Sterilization or castration if not used for breeding  
- Pet insurance or a savings fund for unexpected veterinary bills  
- Quality food, treats and dental care products  
- Equipment such as harnesses, collars, leashes, coats and bedding  

Because of the potential for dental and orthopedic issues, choosing a good pet insurance policy or setting aside money regularly for veterinary care is wise. Over the course of their life, preventive care, dental work and occasional testing can add up, even for a small dog.

Useful equipment for living with a Prague Ratter includes a comfortable, well fitting harness that does not rub under the arms; a lightweight leash; and a selection of soft, appropriately sized toys. Many owners find that puzzle feeders and treat balls help keep their dog mentally busy, especially on days when outdoor activity is limited. Several soft beds or blankets around the home allow the dog to rest near different family members. Warm coats and sweaters for winter, along with a rain jacket for wet weather, are more than a fashion choice for this breed, as they genuinely support their comfort and health.

Training should continue throughout the dog’s life, not just during puppyhood. Short daily sessions, even of only five minutes, keep their mind engaged and reinforce good manners. Basic house rules such as where the dog is allowed to go, how they greet visitors, and how they behave at mealtimes should be clear and consistent. Many behavior issues in small dogs arise simply because boundaries were never clearly set.

For families who understand toy breed needs and are willing to adapt their home and habits slightly, the Prague Ratter offers an enormous amount of joy in a very small package. Their combination of devotion, playfulness and intelligence makes them a rewarding companion for people across different ages, from active singles to older adults who want a dog that can participate fully in daily life without demanding extreme exercise. With care, patience and love, living with a Prague Ratter can feel like sharing your world with a brave and loyal little friend who never stops trying to be by your side.

Prague Ratter

Verein für Deutsche Spitze

Dansk Kennel Klub

Svenska Kennelklubben

British Veterinary Association

Club Français des Rats de Prague

The Prague Ratter is a tiny Czech companion once used for ratting, lively and athletic despite its size. It has a short, low‑maintenance coat but feels the cold. Very affectionate and people‑oriented, it’s an alert little watchdog that bonds closely with its family.

## Quick Facts

- Ancient companion breed believed to have charmed nobility and traders around the Mediterranean for centuries  
- Small, sturdy toy dog with a long, white, silky coat that does not have an undercoat  
- Affectionate and people focused, often described as a “Velcro dog” that loves staying close to its owner  
- Adaptable to city apartments or houses, provided it gets daily walks and mental stimulation  
- Needs regular coat care and dental care, but usually has a long lifespan when well looked after  

## Appearance & Coat

The Maltese is a small toy breed, but there is more substance to this dog than many people expect at first glance. Under the flowing white coat there is a compact, balanced little body with good structure and surprising agility. Adult Maltese typically stand around 20 to 25 centimeters at the shoulder, with only slight differences between males and females. They should never look fragile or spindly. A well bred Maltese feels solid when you pick it up, with a straight back, well set tail and well proportioned head.

The head is one of the breed’s real charms. The skull is slightly rounded with a gently defined stop, dark round eyes, and a black nose that stands out against the white fur. The expression is alert, gentle and intelligent. Ears are dropped and covered in long hair that blends into the rest of the coat. The muzzle should not be extremely short, which helps with breathing and dental health.

The coat is one of the main reasons people fall in love with the Maltese. It is long, flat and silky in texture, with no woolly undercoat. The breed standard calls for pure white, although very slight lemon or pale ivory shading can sometimes appear on the ears. Because there is no undercoat, many owners with allergies find the Maltese more tolerable than many shedding breeds, although no dog can be guaranteed hypoallergenic.

In full coat the hair can reach the ground and flow beautifully around the dog, especially in the show ring. At home, however, many pet owners choose a shorter “puppy cut” for ease of care. A full coat requires daily attention. This usually includes:

- Gently brushing and combing the coat every day to prevent tangles  
- Checking behind the ears, under the legs and around the tail where mats form easily  
- Using a detangling spray to avoid breaking the fine hair  

Regular bathing is important, typically every one to three weeks depending on lifestyle. Always rinse thoroughly and dry the coat completely to avoid skin irritation. Because the hair around the eyes is white, tearing can create stains. Many owners carefully wipe the eye area daily with a damp cloth and keep the hair trimmed to reduce irritation. The hair on the feet and around the pads should also be trimmed, which helps with traction and keeps dirt from spreading through the house.

Although the show coat is breathtaking, do not feel guilty if you prefer a neat, manageable trim. A well groomed Maltese in a shorter coat is often much more comfortable for busy families. What matters most is that the coat is clean, free of mats and brushed often enough to keep the dog comfortable and the skin healthy.

## Temperament & Personality

The Maltese has been bred for centuries as a companion, and this shines through in the way the breed behaves in daily life. This is a dog that genuinely enjoys being with people. Most Maltese want to sit on your lap, follow you from room to room and sleep close by at night. They form very strong bonds with their owners and can be surprisingly sensitive to changes in mood or routine.

In a family, the Maltese is often a cheerful, lively presence. Many are playful well into old age and enjoy gentle games and short bursts of zooming around the living room. With children, they can be loving and patient, but their small size means that supervision is essential. Young kids must be taught how to handle a little dog carefully. Rough play, grabbing or dropping can easily cause injury. In families where children are calm and respectful, the Maltese is usually a devoted little friend who will happily take part in story time on the sofa or quiet play on the floor.

With strangers, the breed can range from outgoing and social to a bit reserved. A well socialized Maltese typically greets visitors with wagging tail and curiosity. Others may stand back, bark a little to alert their owners and then slowly warm up. Early exposure to different people, sounds and environments helps them develop confidence. Despite their size, many Maltese make surprisingly good watchdogs and will announce visitors with a clear, high bark.

Around other pets, Maltese usually do well when introduced correctly. They often enjoy the company of other small dogs and can get on with larger dogs that are gentle and calm. However, their boldness can get them into trouble if they challenge big, boisterous dogs. When it comes to cats, many Maltese live peacefully with them, especially if raised together from a young age. Their playful nature can either delight a friendly cat or annoy one that prefers solitude, so introductions should be done gradually.

One of the more common challenges with the breed is separation anxiety. Because they love being with their humans, Maltese can become stressed when left alone for long periods. This may show up as barking, whining, destructive chewing or soiling indoors. Building independence from puppyhood helps. Short, positive absences, safe chew toys, and calm departures and arrivals are all useful.

Another issue some owners face is excessive barking. The Maltese is alert and attentive, which can turn into yappy behavior if not managed. Teaching a quiet cue, giving the dog enough mental stimulation, and avoiding reinforcing barking (for example, rushing to the dog every time it makes a sound) are important strategies. Despite these challenges, most people who share their life with a Maltese describe them as funny, affectionate, clever and endlessly loyal. They are small dogs with big personalities, and they thrive in homes where their emotional needs are taken seriously.

## Training & Exercise

Although the Maltese is a toy breed, it should never be thought of as a toy in the sense of a decoration or accessory. This is an intelligent dog that benefits greatly from training and regular exercise. The good news is that their size and willingness to interact with people make them very rewarding to train, even for first time dog owners, provided the methods are gentle and consistent.

The Maltese responds best to positive reinforcement. That means using food rewards, praise, toys and play rather than harsh corrections. They can be quite sensitive, and raised voices or rough handling will usually shut them down or make them anxious. Short, fun training sessions work best. Many owners find that three to five minutes a few times per day is more effective than one long lesson. Because Maltese are often food motivated, tiny treats can be powerful rewards, but you should keep portion sizes small to avoid weight gain.

Basic obedience such as sit, down, come, and walking nicely on a leash should be taught from an early age. House training can take patience with small breeds, as their bladders are tiny and they need frequent toilet breaks. A consistent routine and close supervision indoors make a big difference. Some owners use indoor puppy pads at first, then gradually shift to outdoor toileting as the dog matures. Staying calm and avoiding punishment for accidents helps the dog learn faster.

In terms of exercise, Maltese do not require marathon runs, but they are not content to be carried everywhere either. Most adults enjoy one or two moderate walks per day, combined with playtime and mental stimulation. A typical daily routine might include:

- A 20 to 30 minute walk in the morning at the dog’s own pace  
- Short training or puzzle games during the day  
- Another shorter walk or play session in the evening  

They often love interactive games such as fetch with a soft toy, searching for treats hidden around the room, or learning simple tricks. Many Maltese excel in activities like rally obedience, heelwork to music and even agility, as long as the equipment is adjusted for their size. These sports strengthen the bond between dog and owner and provide valuable mental exercise.

Because of their small frame, care should be taken to avoid activities that are too rough or high impact. Jumping off furniture, running stairs frequently or leaping from your arms can lead to injuries. Using ramps or steps to help your Maltese get on and off sofas or beds can be very helpful. Walking on varied surfaces, such as grass, gravel and forest paths, can help strengthen muscles and keep joints healthy without too much strain.

In hot weather, keep exercise sessions short and avoid the hottest part of the day, especially if your Maltese is in full coat. In cold or wet conditions, they may appreciate a light, waterproof coat to stay comfortable. The key point is that a Maltese should be active and engaged, but always within safe limits for its size. A well exercised Maltese that uses both body and brain is usually calmer, happier and easier to live with.

## Health

The Maltese is generally a long lived breed, and many individuals reach their early to mid teens with good care. However, like all breeds, there are some health concerns that potential owners should be aware of. Responsible breeders work hard to reduce the risk of these issues by careful selection of breeding dogs and relevant health testing.

One common concern in small breeds is dental disease. The small mouth and close set teeth of a Maltese can easily lead to tartar build up, gum inflammation and tooth loss if not managed. Daily or at least frequent tooth brushing with dog safe toothpaste is highly recommended. Regular dental checks by a veterinarian and professional cleaning when necessary help prevent more serious problems such as infections that can affect the heart, kidneys or liver.

Patellar luxation, where the kneecap slips out of place, is another condition seen in the breed. This can cause intermittent lameness, skipping steps or discomfort when moving. In mild cases, management through weight control and careful exercise may be enough. More severe cases sometimes require surgical correction. Breeders can have their dogs’ knees examined and graded to help reduce the incidence of this problem.

Some Maltese may be prone to issues such as:

- Legg Calvé Perthes disease, which affects the hip joint in young small breed dogs  
- Eye problems such as tear staining, dry eye or cataracts in older dogs  
- Collapsing trachea, a condition where the windpipe weakens, leading to coughing or breathing difficulty  

Good breeding practices and regular veterinary care reduce the risk and impact of these conditions. It is important for new owners to choose breeders who are open about the health of their dogs and who follow recommended test protocols where available. While the specifics can vary by country, checks such as patella evaluations, eye examinations and general health assessments of breeding animals are common.

Maintaining a healthy body weight is essential for the Maltese. Extra kilos put unnecessary strain on joints and the heart. Measuring food portions, limiting treats and keeping the dog active are simple but powerful steps. A high quality diet appropriate for age and size, along with access to fresh water at all times, supports overall wellbeing.

Routine preventive care should not be overlooked. This includes vaccinations according to local veterinary guidelines, parasite prevention and regular wellness checks. Because the Maltese often lives into advanced age, senior health care becomes important later in life. Annual or semiannual vet visits for blood tests, dental checks and mobility assessments help catch problems early, when they are usually easier to manage.

With attentive care, many Maltese enjoy a long, comfortable life from puppyhood to senior years. Owners who are prepared to invest time in grooming, dental care, weight management and veterinary visits usually find that their little companion remains active, bright and full of personality well into old age.

## History & Origins

The Maltese is one of the oldest known companion dog breeds, and its early history is wrapped in a mix of fact, trade routes and legend. What is fairly clear is that small, white lapdogs existed around the Mediterranean for many centuries. They were especially associated with ports and trading centers, where goods and ideas moved between cultures. The name suggests a connection with the island of Malta, but the term has sometimes been used more broadly in history to refer to parts of the Mediterranean region.

Ancient writings and artworks from civilizations such as the Greeks and Romans show small, refined dogs that closely resemble the Maltese. These dogs were often kept by noblewomen and wealthy families. They were prized for their beauty, gentle nature and ability to provide warmth and comfort. Some descriptions even mention them being carried in sleeves or cloaks, a sign of their cherished status in households where luxury and refinement were important.

Over time, these little dogs spread across Europe, often as gifts among the upper classes. They appear in paintings hanging in the homes of aristocrats, usually shown on cushions or in the laps of elegantly dressed ladies. Their role was very clear. They were companions, not workers. While other breeds were developed for herding, hunting or guarding, the Maltese was refined specifically to be a pleasant and attractive house dog.

As dog breeding became more formalized in the 19th and early 20th centuries, various small white companion dogs were classified into distinct breeds. The Maltese took its modern form through careful selection for size, coat and temperament. Breed clubs and kennel clubs helped define the standard and preserve the unique look of the dog. The long, white, silky coat became a signature feature, along with the gentle expression and friendly nature.

Throughout these changes, the essential purpose of the Maltese remained the same. This has never been a breed bred for field work or heavy tasks. Instead, the Maltese has always been valued for the close bond it forms with people, its lively charm and its role as a source of comfort and companionship. Today, the breed is found in homes all over the world. It is still seen in the show ring, where breeders demonstrate their work in maintaining type and quality. At the same time, countless Maltese live as beloved family pets in cities and rural areas alike.

In modern life, the Maltese fits well into many different situations. They are popular with older owners who appreciate a manageable size and gentle nature, as well as with families who want a small dog that enjoys being part of daily activities. From ancient Mediterranean ports to modern apartments, the Maltese has held onto its identity as a charming, people focused companion.

## Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Maltese is a rewarding experience, but it does come with responsibilities that prospective owners should understand in advance. This is not a breed that thrives when left alone for long days or treated as a decorative pet. A Maltese wants to be involved in your routines, whether that is sitting beside you while you work, joining you on walks, or cuddling during a quiet evening at home.

Time commitment is significant, particularly for grooming and companionship. Even if you decide on a shorter pet trim instead of a full show coat, the Maltese still needs regular brushing, bathing and coat maintenance. Plan on spending time each day checking the coat, wiping the eyes and ensuring there are no tangles. Weekly or fortnightly bathing, nail trimming, ear cleaning and tooth brushing all take dedication. Many owners also schedule regular professional grooming sessions every four to eight weeks, depending on coat length and lifestyle.

Financially, a Maltese is not usually the most expensive breed to feed, due to its small size, but there are ongoing costs to consider. Annual expenses can include:

- Quality food formulated for small dogs  
- Routine veterinary care, vaccinations and parasite prevention  
- Possible dental cleanings under anesthesia  
- Grooming tools and professional grooming fees  
- Pet insurance, which many owners choose for peace of mind  

While exact amounts vary by country, it is wise to budget not only for everyday care, but also for unexpected vet visits. Small dogs can be injured relatively easily, and insurance or a reserved fund can make difficult decisions less stressful.

In terms of daily living, the Maltese is usually well suited to apartment life or homes without large gardens, as long as it receives regular walks and play. Because they are light and portable, they travel fairly easily, whether by car or public transport. Many owners appreciate being able to take their Maltese on holidays or day trips. Secure harnesses, comfortable travel bags and soft blankets help create a safe space when on the move.

At home, it is helpful to adapt the environment for a small dog. For example, using dog steps or ramps to allow access to sofas or beds can prevent jumping injuries. Baby gates can restrict access to stairs or rooms where the dog might be at risk. Small breed dogs can also feel the cold more, so a cozy bed, soft blankets and perhaps a warm coat for winter walks are sensible investments.

Mentally, the Maltese needs as much attention as physically. These dogs are often happiest when they have some form of “job”, even if that is simply performing tricks, taking part in training classes or being your shadow during daily tasks. Interactive toys, puzzle feeders and gentle play sessions all help keep boredom at bay. Too little stimulation can lead to barking, clinginess or destructive habits.

New owners should be prepared to set boundaries kindly but firmly from the beginning. It can be tempting to allow a cute Maltese puppy to get away with behavior that would not be tolerated in a larger dog, such as constant barking, jumping up or guarding a lap. Early training and clear routines help prevent these habits from forming. Remember that small does not mean less of a dog. A Maltese will be happier and more relaxed when it understands what is expected and feels secure in its place in the family.

For people who can offer time, affection, and consistent care, living with a Maltese is often deeply satisfying. Their loyalty, playful spirit and desire to be close create a strong bond. Many owners say that once they have had a Maltese, they cannot imagine life without the gentle presence of this small but spirited companion at their side.

Maltese

The Kennel Club (UK)

Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)

Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)

The Maltese is a small, sturdy companion dog with a long, white silky coat and expressive dark eyes. Affectionate and people oriented, it adapts well to apartments with daily walks. It needs regular grooming, dental care and gentle training, and often enjoys a long, active life.

Prague Ratter vs Maltese

Characteristics

Summary

Similar breeds