Yorkshire Terrier

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Pocket sized companion with a big personality
  The Yorkshire Terrier, or Yorkie, is a tiny toy breed that usually weighs around 2 to 3.2 kg, yet behaves with the courage and confidence of a much larger dog.

• Silky coat that grows like human hair
  Yorkies have a fine, straight, glossy coat that can grow very long and requires regular grooming, similar to maintaining long human hair.

• Originally a working dog
  Despite their glamorous look, Yorkshire Terriers were first bred in northern England as small, tough rat catchers in mines and textile mills.

• Alert and vocal watchdogs
  Many Yorkshire Terriers make excellent little watchdogs. They are quick to sound the alarm if they hear unusual noises or see strangers near the home.

• Adaptable city or country dog
  Thanks to their size and moderate exercise needs, Yorkies can thrive in apartments or houses, as long as they get daily mental and physical stimulation.

Appearance & Coat

The Yorkshire Terrier is a compact, well balanced toy breed that should never look fragile or weak. Although small, a correct Yorkie gives an impression of vigor and confidence. Adult dogs usually weigh between 2 and 3.2 kilograms, with a body that is slightly longer than the height at the withers. The topline should be level, with a graceful neck that carries the head proudly. Legs are straight and fine boned but not spindly, and the feet are compact and well padded. A well structured Yorkshire Terrier moves with a light, free, straight gait that shows off both confidence and soundness.

The head is small and flat on top with a short muzzle, but not too short or snubbed. The eyes are medium sized, dark, and very expressive with a keen, intelligent expression. Ears are small, V shaped, carried erect, and set not too far apart. When properly trimmed around the ears and muzzle, the face has that characteristic alert and slightly mischievous terrier look that so many people love.

The coat is one of the Yorkshire Terrier’s most distinctive features. The texture is fine, silky, and perfectly straight, hanging evenly on both sides of the body from a central part along the back. A show coat can reach all the way to the ground and should fall in a smooth, shining curtain. The official color pattern for adults is a dark steel blue on the body and tail, with rich golden tan on the head, chest, and legs. The tan should be deeper at the roots and lighten gradually toward the tips. Puppies are usually born black and tan, and their color often clears and changes as they mature.

While the long, flowing coat is beautiful, it does require commitment. Daily or at least several times weekly brushing with a soft pin brush helps prevent tangles and mats. It is important to be gentle, especially on the fine hair behind the ears, under the legs, and around the groin where knots form easily. Many pet owners choose a shorter “puppy cut” that keeps the coat trimmed to a few centimeters all over the body. This style is much easier to care for and can give a neat, playful look.

Practical coat care tips for a Yorkshire Terrier include:

• Use a gentle dog shampoo and conditioner every 2 to 4 weeks, depending on lifestyle.
• Always brush the coat before bathing, as water can tighten existing mats.
• Dry the coat thoroughly after baths to avoid skin irritation.
• Trim the hair around the paws and under the tail for hygiene.
• Tie up the hair on the head with a band if kept long, so it does not irritate the eyes.

Regular grooming sessions are also a good opportunity to check the skin for redness, parasites, or injuries, and to clean the ears and trim the nails. With consistent care, the Yorkshire Terrier’s coat can be both manageable for everyday life and a stunning feature of the breed.

Temperament & Personality

The Yorkshire Terrier might be tiny, but in spirit this is very much a terrier. That means bold, lively, curious, and often far more self confident than their size suggests. Many owners describe their Yorkie as a “big dog in a small body.” They tend to be alert to every sound and movement, and they enjoy being very involved in whatever their people are doing.

In daily life a well socialized Yorkie is affectionate and strongly attached to their family. They often choose a favorite person, but with good upbringing they can enjoy everyone in the household. They like to sit on laps, snuggle under blankets, and follow their humans from room to room, even into the bathroom. This close attachment can be a delight, but it also means that Yorkshire Terriers can be prone to separation anxiety if suddenly left alone for long periods. Building independence gradually from puppyhood and providing chew toys or puzzle feeders when you go out can help.

With children, the Yorkshire Terrier can be a loving and playful companion, but there are some important considerations. Due to their small size, they can be easily injured by rough handling, accidental falls, or being dropped. For this reason, they are usually better suited to families with slightly older, gentle children who understand how to handle a small dog. Adults should always supervise interactions between Yorkies and young kids and teach children to sit on the floor when holding or playing with the dog, rather than carrying them around.

When it comes to other pets, early socialization is key. Many Yorkshire Terriers live happily with other dogs and even cats, especially if they are raised together. However, some individuals may try to dominate larger dogs or chase smaller pets like rodents or birds. That terrier prey drive can still be present, a reminder of the breed’s rat catching origins. Meetings with new animals should be calm and controlled, and rough play with big dogs should be monitored to avoid injuries.

One common challenge new owners report is the Yorkie’s tendency to bark. These small dogs are naturally alert and quick to give a warning bark at noises in the hallway, people near the fence, or even birds outside the window. Some barking is normal, but without clear limits it can become excessive. Consistent training from the beginning, teaching a “quiet” cue, and ensuring the dog is mentally stimulated can keep this under control.

Another aspect of the Yorkshire Terrier’s personality is their clever, sometimes stubborn streak. They are intelligent and quick to learn, especially when training involves treats, praise, and play, but they also have their own ideas. If they notice that whining or acting cute gets them what they want, they can become quite manipulative. Owners should be loving but firm, setting clear rules from day one so the dog understands what is allowed and what is not.

Overall, the Yorkshire Terrier is a bright, devoted, and lively little companion. In a household that appreciates their bold character and provides structure, they can be a joyful, entertaining, and very loyal family member.

Training & Exercise

Although the Yorkshire Terrier is small, they are not simply a decorative lap dog. At heart, they are energetic and sharp minded terriers that need both mental and physical activity to stay balanced and happy. Compared with larger working breeds, their total exercise requirements are moderate, which makes them suitable for many lifestyles. However, a quick walk around the block is rarely enough to truly satisfy a healthy adult Yorkie.

On average, a Yorkshire Terrier will do well with about 45 to 60 minutes of activity spread throughout the day. This can include:

• Two or three brisk walks, adapted to the dog’s age and fitness.
• Short training sessions that challenge the mind.
• Free play in a secure garden or indoors with toys.

Many Yorkies love to trot along confidently on a leash, exploring new smells and sights. Because of their small size and delicate structure, owners should avoid extremely long runs on hard surfaces, high jumps, or rough play with much larger dogs. During hot or very cold weather, it is wise to adjust the length and intensity of walks. A warm coat in winter and access to shade in summer are simple but important precautions.

Training a Yorkshire Terrier is usually very rewarding. They are quick learners and respond well to positive reinforcement methods, such as:

• Small, tasty treats.
• Gentle praise and happy voice.
• Short, fun sessions of 5 to 10 minutes.

Harsh corrections or shouting tend to upset or confuse these sensitive little dogs and can lead to fear or defensive behavior. Instead, consistency and patience will give far better results. House training can take some time, especially in very small individuals, so owners should be prepared for a structured schedule and frequent trips outside. Some people also use indoor puppy pads during the early months, gradually moving them closer to the door and then outdoors.

Typical training goals for a Yorkshire Terrier include:

• Reliable recall, especially because many like to chase birds or small animals.
• Calm walking on leash, so they do not pull or dart underfoot.
• Basic obedience such as sit, down, stay, and leave it.
• Bark control through cues like “quiet” combined with rewards.

Beyond basic obedience, many Yorkies excel in dog sports that suit their size and agility. Examples include:

• Agility on low jumps and tunnels.
• Rally obedience.
• Trick training, such as spins, bows, or weaving through legs.
• Nose work and scent games at home.

Mental enrichment is particularly important for such a bright breed. Puzzle feeders, snuffle mats, and simple search games where you hide treats or toys around the room can keep a Yorkshire Terrier engaged even on days when outdoor walks are shorter.

Socialization is another essential part of training. From a young age, the Yorkshire Terrier should meet friendly people, calm dogs of different sizes, and experience various environments such as parks, city streets, and quiet cafes. Gentle exposure builds confidence and reduces the risk of fearfulness or excessive barking later in life.

With thoughtful training and suitable exercise, the Yorkshire Terrier remains an active, alert companion well into their senior years. Their willingness to interact and learn often makes them a delight for owners who enjoy spending time teaching and playing with their dogs.

Health

The Yorkshire Terrier is generally a long lived breed, with many individuals reaching 13 to 15 years of age and sometimes even older. As with all purebred dogs, they can be prone to certain health issues, so responsible breeding and informed ownership are very important.

Some of the more common health concerns in Yorkshire Terriers include:

• Dental problems
  Due to their small jaws and crowded teeth, Yorkies are particularly prone to tartar buildup, gum disease, and early tooth loss. Daily tooth brushing with dog safe toothpaste, along with regular dental checks and professional cleanings when needed, is highly recommended.

• Luxating patella (slipping kneecaps)
  This condition affects the knee joint and is relatively common in small breeds. Depending on severity, it can cause lameness or hopping on one leg. Responsible breeding programs often screen breeding dogs for patella issues, and affected pets should avoid jumping from high furniture.

• Tracheal collapse
  Some Yorkshire Terriers develop a weakening of the windpipe cartilage, which may lead to a dry, honking cough, especially when pulling on a collar. Using a harness instead of a neck collar can reduce pressure on the trachea and is generally a good idea for this breed.

• Portosystemic shunt (liver shunt)
  This is a serious congenital condition where blood bypasses the liver, leading to toxin buildup in the body. Symptoms can appear in young dogs and may include poor growth, neurological signs, or digestive issues. Health conscious breeders often test breeding animals and avoid lines with a history of this problem.

• Eye issues and cataracts
  Some Yorkies can develop cataracts or other eye conditions later in life. Regular veterinary eye checks are useful, especially before breeding.

Other possible concerns include hypoglycemia in very small puppies, certain skin allergies, and in some lines, hereditary eye disease. Prospective owners should ask breeders about the health history of the puppy’s parents and close relatives, and whether they follow recommended health testing.

Suggested health checks in breeding programs and for long term care can include:

• Orthopedic examination for luxating patella.
• Eye examinations performed by a certified veterinary ophthalmologist.
• Screening for liver issues, such as bile acid tests when indicated.
• General health exams and blood tests in adult and senior dogs.

Because the Yorkshire Terrier is small and delicate, prevention is especially important. Practical health care tips for Yorkie owners include:

• Using a harness to prevent neck strain.
• Supervising jumps to and from furniture or using pet steps.
• Keeping vaccinations, parasite control, and deworming up to date.
• Maintaining a healthy weight, as even a small amount of extra weight can stress the joints and heart.

Good nutrition plays a big part in long term health. A high quality diet suitable for small breeds, divided into two or three small meals a day, helps maintain stable energy levels. Fresh water should always be available, and table scraps or very fatty treats should be kept to a minimum to avoid digestive upsets and obesity.

Regular veterinary checkups, at least once a year for adult dogs and more often for seniors, allow early detection of health problems. With careful breeding, good daily care, and prompt veterinary attention when needed, most Yorkshire Terriers enjoy a long, active, and happy life.

History & Origins

The Yorkshire Terrier’s glamorous modern image hides a surprisingly gritty past. The breed originated during the 19th century in the industrial regions of northern England, particularly in the county of Yorkshire and neighboring Lancashire. At that time, Britain was in the midst of the Industrial Revolution. Workers came from rural areas to the growing towns, often bringing small terrier type dogs with them. These little dogs were valued in textile mills, coal mines, and factories, where they helped control rats and other vermin.

Different small terrier breeds and types were likely involved in the development of the Yorkshire Terrier. Historical records mention the now extinct Clydesdale Terrier and Paisley Terrier from Scotland, as well as local working terriers. Through selective breeding, enthusiasts aimed for a small yet tough dog with a long, silky coat and bold terrier temperament. The result over time was the recognizable Yorkshire Terrier.

One influential early dog was Huddersfield Ben, born in the 1860s. He is often described as the father of the modern breed, thanks to his typical appearance and strong influence through his offspring. As dog shows became popular in Victorian England, the Yorkshire Terrier quickly attracted attention for its elegant looks and compact size. The name “Yorkshire Terrier” was officially adopted to honor the region where much of the breed’s development took place.

Although originally a working ratter, the Yorkie soon moved into middle and upper class homes as a fashionable companion dog. Ladies of the time were especially fond of these tiny, well groomed dogs, and miniaturization became more pronounced. Over the decades, breeders focused on refining the coat texture and color, as well as the overall elegance of the dog, without losing the lively, courageous terrier spirit.

The Yorkshire Terrier was gradually exported to Europe and North America, and by the early 20th century it had become established as a popular toy breed in many countries. Breed clubs formed, and official standards were drawn up to describe the ideal Yorkie. Today the Yorkshire Terrier is recognized by major kennel clubs around the world and is one of the best known toy breeds globally.

In modern times, the breed is rarely used for vermin control, although some individuals still show a strong instinct to chase small animals. Instead, the Yorkshire Terrier’s role is mainly that of a beloved companion. They appear in dog shows, agility rings, obedience competitions, and sometimes in therapeutic roles visiting hospitals or nursing homes where their small size and gentle manner can bring comfort.

Despite the changes from factory ratter to grooming table star, the Yorkshire Terrier still retains many elements of its working heritage: keen senses, alertness, determination, and a touch of stubborn independence. Understanding this history helps owners appreciate that beneath the silky coat lies a tough little character with deep roots in the working terrier tradition.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Yorkshire Terrier can be a joyful experience, but it comes with responsibilities that go beyond admiring a pretty coat. For prospective owners, it is helpful to have a realistic picture of daily life with this breed.

First, the level of commitment. A Yorkie may be small, yet they need:

• Daily walks and playtime.
• Regular grooming, especially if the coat is kept long.
• Ongoing training and mental stimulation.
• Close companionship, as they typically do not enjoy long hours alone.

For many people, this fits well with an active home where someone is around most of the day, whether it is a family, a couple, or a single person working from home. Households with very young children or very boisterous larger dogs need to be extra careful, as accidental injuries to a Yorkie can happen quickly.

Financially, a Yorkshire Terrier can be less expensive to feed than a large dog, but other costs are not necessarily lower. Typical annual expenses can include:

• Quality dog food and treats.
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite treatments.
• Regular grooming tools or professional grooming sessions.
• Pet insurance, which is strongly recommended for this small breed.
• Replacement of beds, toys, and harnesses as they wear out.

In many areas, professional grooming every 6 to 8 weeks is a significant cost if you choose not to manage all trimming at home. On the other hand, learning basic grooming skills such as brushing, bathing, and simple trimming of the face and paws can reduce expenses and strengthen the bond with your dog.

When setting up your home for a Yorkshire Terrier, useful equipment includes:

• A comfortable bed, preferably in a quiet, draft free corner.
• A secure harness and a lightweight leash.
• Food and water bowls that are shallow and stable.
• A variety of toys, such as soft plush toys, chew toys, and puzzle toys.
• A crate or indoor pen for safe rest and travel.
• Pet steps or ramps to help the dog reach the sofa or bed without jumping.

Because Yorkies are so small and curious, their environment needs to be “puppy proofed.” This means keeping electrical cords out of reach, storing small objects that could be swallowed, and making sure there are no gaps where the dog could get stuck. Balconies, stairs, and high furniture should be considered carefully to prevent falls.

Social needs are another important factor. The Yorkshire Terrier thrives on interaction and usually wants to be close to their people. Long workdays away from home can be challenging for this breed. Solutions may include dog sitters, doggy daycare, or arranging flexible schedules within the family. Without sufficient companionship, a Yorkie can become anxious, bark excessively, or develop destructive habits.

Traveling with a Yorkshire Terrier is often easier than with larger dogs. Their size allows them to fit comfortably in travel crates or small car harnesses, and they adapt well to many environments as long as they stay close to their owners. However, their small stature also makes them more vulnerable outdoors. In some regions, care should be taken to protect them from predators, very large dogs, and extreme weather.

In exchange for this care and attention, the Yorkshire Terrier offers a deep bond, cheerful presence, and often a surprising amount of entertainment. Their expressive eyes, quick reactions, and clear communication make them feel very much like a small family member with a strong personality. For those who appreciate a lively, affectionate, and slightly opinionated companion, living with a Yorkshire Terrier can be tremendously rewarding.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Yorkshire Terriers good family dogs or are they too fragile for kids?

They can be wonderful family companions, but their tiny size makes them vulnerable to rough handling. They are usually better suited to homes with older, dog‑savvy children who can respect their space. Proper supervision and teaching kids how to handle a small dog are essential.

Do Yorkies bark a lot and can you train them to be quieter?

They are naturally alert and vocal, which can turn into a lot of barking if not managed early. Consistent training, rewarding quiet behavior, and giving them enough mental stimulation are key. Many owners also find that teaching a clear “quiet” cue helps keep noise under control.

How much grooming does a Yorkshire Terrier really need?

Their fine, hairlike coat tangles easily and needs daily brushing if kept long. Many pet owners choose a shorter “puppy cut” that still needs brushing several times a week and regular professional grooming every 4 to 8 weeks. Ear cleaning and dental care are especially important for this breed.

Are Yorkies hypoallergenic and good for people with allergies?

They shed very little and have a hair texture closer to human hair, which often makes them easier on allergy sufferers. However, no dog is completely hypoallergenic, since dander and saliva still carry allergens. Spending time with the breed before adopting is the best way to test your reaction.

How much exercise does a Yorkshire Terrier need if they are so small?

They are energetic and curious, so they need more than just being carried or pottering around the house. Two or three short walks plus some indoor play or training sessions each day usually meet their needs. Avoid overdoing high‑impact activity, especially when they are very young or have fragile joints.

Are Yorkies prone to specific health problems I should know about?

They are more likely than many breeds to develop dental disease, luxating patellas, tracheal collapse, and certain liver issues such as portosystemic shunts. Low blood sugar can be a concern in very small or young individuals. Regular vet checks, good dental care, and keeping them at a healthy weight are especially important.

Can Yorkshire Terriers live happily in an apartment?

They adapt very well to small spaces as long as their exercise and social needs are met. Moderate daily activity and plenty of interaction usually keep them content. Barking can be a problem in close quarters, so early training is important for apartment living.

Do Yorkies get along with other dogs and larger pets?

They often think they are much bigger than they are and can be bold with large dogs. With careful introductions and supervision they can live peacefully with other pets, but their small size puts them at risk of accidental injury. Early socialization helps them learn good manners around other animals.

Is a Yorkshire Terrier a good choice for first‑time dog owners?

Their size and affectionate nature appeal to many beginners, but they do require consistent training, regular grooming, and close attention to health. First‑time owners who are prepared to invest time in socialization, house training, and daily coat care often do well with the breed. Those wanting a very low‑maintenance dog may find them challenging.

Why are some Yorkies extremely tiny and are “teacup” Yorkies safe to buy?

Very tiny individuals are usually bred to be undersized and are at higher risk for health problems like fragile bones, low blood sugar, and organ issues. Responsible breeders aim for the standard size range rather than “teacup” marketing. Choosing a well‑bred, healthy small dog is safer than seeking the very smallest possible puppy.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• FCI - Fédération Cynologique Internationale
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Deutscher Verband für das Hundewesen (German Kennel Club)
• Société Centrale Canine (French Kennel Club)