Australian Terrier

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• One of the smallest working terriers, yet sturdy, tough, and full of confidence.
• Originally bred in Australia as an all‑purpose farm and vermin dog that could also be a loyal house companion.
• Distinctive weatherproof harsh coat with a charming “topknot” of softer hair on the head.
• Typically lively and spirited, but more biddable and people‑oriented than many terrier breeds.
• Makes a devoted watchdog that will reliably sound the alarm without needing vast amounts of exercise.

Appearance & Coat

The Australian Terrier is a small but strongly built dog, designed to work all day in rugged conditions without losing its cheerful spirit. At first glance the breed looks both compact and slightly longer than it is tall. This rectangular outline is a hallmark of the breed. The body should feel solid and muscular when you run your hands along the back and ribs, rather than fine‑boned or fragile. Although small in size, the Australian Terrier should never appear toy‑like. It is a real working terrier in a convenient package.

Adult height is usually around 25 centimeters at the shoulder, with weight commonly between 6 and 7 kilograms, depending on sex and condition. The head is long in proportion to the body with a strong muzzle and a keen, intelligent expression. Medium sized, dark eyes give a bright and alert look that many owners find particularly charming. The ears are small, V shaped, and carried pricked, which adds to the lively, attentive appearance. The tail is typically set high and carried cheerfully, without curling over the back.

One of the most recognisable features of the Australian Terrier is its coat. The body coat is harsh, straight, and about 5 to 6 centimeters long, lying close to the body. It is meant to be weather resistant, protecting the dog from brambles, rough ground, and harsh Australian climates. Around the neck there is often a noticeable ruff of slightly longer hair, which gives extra protection and adds to the breed’s distinctive outline. The head has a softer, lighter “topknot” that contrasts with the harsh body coat and frames the face.

Coat colours typically include blue and tan, sandy, or red. The blue and tan dogs have a dark blue or steel blue body with rich, warm tan on the face, legs, and under the tail. Sandy and red dogs are solid in colour, ranging from pale wheaten shades to deeper red. The nose should be black, and white markings on the body are considered undesirable in the show ring, although a small spot of white on the chest can appear.

Although the Australian Terrier has a coat made for outdoor work, grooming is surprisingly straightforward when done regularly. The harsh coat does not require clipping like some other breeds. In fact, clipping can soften the texture and spoil the weatherproof quality. Instead, hand stripping or gently plucking out dead hairs a few times a year is recommended, especially for dogs shown in conformation. For companion dogs, a regular routine of:

• Brushing once or twice a week with a slicker brush or pin brush
• Combing through the furnishings on the legs and around the face
• Checking and trimming hair around the feet and under the tail

will keep the coat tidy and comfortable. The breed sheds, but usually in a modest, manageable way, especially if dead coat is removed regularly.

Bathing should be done only when needed, using a gentle dog shampoo so as not to strip the natural oils that help keep the coat weather resistant. Because the ears are upright, they usually stay cleaner and drier than those of drop eared breeds, but it is still wise to check them weekly. Nails tend to grow quickly in small active dogs, so plan to trim them every few weeks. With these simple steps, an Australian Terrier can look smart and be ready for both countryside adventures and relaxed time at home.

Temperament & Personality

The Australian Terrier combines a true terrier spirit with an affectionate, family oriented nature. People who live with the breed often remark that it feels like having a big dog personality in a small, easy to manage body. This is a dog that enjoys being involved in everything, whether that is following you from room to room, supervising gardening efforts in the yard, or curling up close by in the evening. It thrives on human contact and is usually deeply attached to its family.

As a typical terrier, the Australian Terrier is confident, alert, and sometimes a little too sure of itself. It was bred to think independently, make decisions quickly, and stand up to larger animals such as snakes and small predators. That history explains why the breed often stands bravely at the front door to announce visitors, even though its size is modest. Many owners appreciate this natural watchdog ability. An Australian Terrier will rarely stay quiet when something unusual is happening around the home. However, with good early training, most can learn an “enough” or “quiet” cue and will settle once you confirm that all is well.

With their families, Australian Terriers are usually affectionate, loyal, and sometimes a bit clownish. They often enjoy games, tricks, and interactive play, and they like to be where the action is. They tend to form strong bonds with one or two people, while still being polite and friendly with others. Some can be reserved with strangers at first, but outright shyness is not typical of the breed and should not be encouraged. Calm and positive introductions from puppyhood help them grow into well rounded adult dogs.

Around children, an Australian Terrier can be a delightful companion as long as there is mutual respect. Their small size makes them appealing for families, but it is important to remember that they are not toy dogs. They are sturdy and usually tolerant, but they do not enjoy rough handling. Teaching children how to gently stroke, play, and respect a dog’s space is essential. When children are kind and predictable, the Australian Terrier often responds with playful affection and may happily join in family activities such as walks, games of fetch, or simply lounging nearby while homework is being done.

With other dogs, the breed can be variable. Many Australian Terriers live peacefully with canine companions, especially if they are socialised from a young age and introduced carefully. However, that classic terrier toughness can surface, particularly with dogs of the same sex or with those who challenge them. It is wise to supervise interactions, especially in busy dog parks, and to learn your own dog’s comfort level. Early training on calm greetings, leash manners, and recall is important to avoid conflict.

When it comes to other small pets, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, or pet birds, caution is needed. The Australian Terrier’s heritage as a vermin hunter means that chasing and hunting instincts can be strong. Some individuals can learn to live peacefully with cats, especially if raised together, but this should never be taken for granted. Secure boundaries and careful introductions are key, and small prey animals should be safely housed and kept separate.

Common behavioural challenges in the breed often relate to:

• Barking at noises, people passing by, or other animals
• Digging in the garden, which was once a valuable working trait
• Chasing wildlife or neighborhood cats
• Stubbornness when recalled from something interesting

These challenges are not signs of a “bad” dog, but rather of a bright terrier applying its instincts. Owners who succeed with Australian Terriers usually share a few qualities: they are consistent, patient, and ready to channel that energy into acceptable outlets. With structure, clear rules, and plenty of positive attention, an Australian Terrier turns into a loyal, charming companion that fills the home with character and life.

Training & Exercise

Australian Terriers are intelligent, spirited, and surprisingly quick to learn, especially when training is made fun and engaging. At the same time, they have the independent streak typical of terriers. This means they do very well with consistent, reward based methods, but may shut down or become stubborn if training is harsh or repetitive. Keeping sessions short, varied, and upbeat is usually the key to success.

From the first days at home, basic training should focus on building a strong bond and clear communication. Simple cues such as “come,” “sit,” “stay,” and “leave it” form the foundation of good manners. Because Australians often have a strong chase instinct, reliable recall is especially important. Practicing recall on a long line in safe areas, and rewarding generously with high value treats or play, helps turn coming back into the best part of any outing. It is wise to avoid letting a young Australian Terrier rehearse ignoring recall around distractions, since habits form quickly in this clever breed.

Early puppy classes are very helpful, not just for learning cues but also for socialisation. Meeting a range of friendly people, children, other dogs, and experiencing different environments helps prevent fearfulness or overreaction later in life. Positive reinforcement methods that use treats, toys, and praise work particularly well. Many Australian Terriers enjoy having a “job” to do. Teaching tricks, practicing obedience routines, or giving them little tasks such as carrying a toy or searching for hidden treats can satisfy their active minds.

In terms of physical exercise, the Australian Terrier is adaptable. It does not require the extreme activity levels of some working breeds, but it is still a lively, energetic dog that needs daily outlets. A typical adult will do well with:

• One or two brisk walks each day, totaling around 45 to 60 minutes
• Additional playtime such as fetch, tug, or chase games in a secure area
• Regular opportunities to sniff, explore, and investigate the environment

Mental exercise is just as important as physical. Puzzle feeders, scent games, and simple home agility setups can help tire them out in a positive way. Many Australian Terriers excel in dog sports that allow them to use their agility and quick thinking, such as:

• Agility courses
• Rally obedience
• Nosework or scent detection games
• Earthdog and similar terrier‑style tests where available

These activities tap into their natural instincts and help channel hunting and chasing drives in a controlled setting.

Owners should remember that off leash exercise requires caution. Australian Terriers are small but very fast, and once in pursuit of a squirrel or other moving object, many will ignore calls. Fenced yards, long lines, and secure outdoor spaces are valuable tools. If you plan to hike or walk in open country, teaching a solid recall and an emergency cue from an early age should be a priority.

Boredom is a common enemy. If left without stimulation, an Australian Terrier may become noisy, destructive, or inventive in finding its own entertainment. Rotating toys, setting up safe digging areas in the garden, or providing chew items can help. A tired Australian Terrier, mentally and physically, is usually a content and affectionate housemate.

In training, fairness and consistency matter. This breed quickly spots weaknesses in rules. If it learns that sometimes jumping on guests gets attention, it will keep trying. Clear boundaries, such as “four paws on the floor for greetings” or “quiet before going out the door,” should be set early and kept steady. When they understand the rules, Australian Terriers are eager to cooperate, and many owners are surprised by how reliable and well mannered such a lively little terrier can become.

Health

The Australian Terrier is generally considered a robust and healthy breed, with a life expectancy often ranging from 12 to 15 years, and many individuals living even longer with good care. Like all breeds, however, it has some health issues that potential owners and breeders should be aware of. Understanding these concerns makes it easier to choose a responsible breeder, plan regular veterinary care, and monitor your own dog as it matures.

Orthopedic issues can occasionally appear. Patellar luxation, where the kneecap moves out of its normal position, is one of the more commonly mentioned conditions in small breeds, and Australian Terriers are no exception. Affected dogs may show intermittent lameness or skip on one leg. Responsible breeders often have breeding dogs examined for patella stability, and pet owners should mention any unusual gait changes to their veterinarian early.

Hip dysplasia is less common than in larger breeds, but still possible. Good breeders may choose to have hips assessed to help reduce risk. While genetics play a role, keeping your Australian Terrier at a healthy weight and avoiding overly strenuous impact on growing joints in puppyhood also contributes to long term soundness.

Some Australian Terriers may be prone to eye conditions. These can include cataracts or other inherited eye diseases. Eye testing of breeding stock by a veterinary ophthalmologist is recommended in many countries. As an owner, regular checkups and noting any changes in vision, cloudiness, or eye comfort are important steps in early detection.

Allergic skin disease and sensitivities can occur in the breed. Symptoms might include persistent itching, ear irritation, or recurrent skin infections. While not unique to the Australian Terrier, this tendency means that a high quality diet, regular flea control, and prompt veterinary attention for any ongoing skin problems are wise investments. The harsh coat itself is quite protective, but skin underneath still needs care.

Endocrine disorders such as diabetes or hypothyroidism appear occasionally. These conditions often emerge in middle aged or older dogs and can usually be managed well with veterinary guidance, medication, and diet. It helps to be familiar with general signs such as weight changes, increased thirst, changes in coat, or lethargy, so that you can seek advice promptly.

Dental health is another area to pay attention to, as with many small breeds. Tartar buildup and gum disease can develop quickly if teeth are not cleaned. Introducing tooth brushing from puppyhood, offering appropriate dental chews, and scheduling regular dental checkups are practical ways to protect your dog’s teeth and overall health.

Prospective owners should always ask breeders about:

• Health tests performed on the parents
• Any known conditions in the family line
• The average lifespans of related dogs

A responsible breeder will be happy to discuss this openly and may provide copies of test results. Good breeders also focus on temperament and general soundness, not just on passing tests.

Routine preventative care is essential for maintaining health. This typically includes vaccination schedules advised by your vet, parasite control, weight monitoring, and annual or twice yearly health checks, particularly as your Australian Terrier enters its senior years. Because they are active and alert, sometimes early subtle signs of illness can be missed, so regular vet visits offer an opportunity to catch issues before they become serious.

With thoughtful breeding, sensible lifestyle choices, and attentive care, the Australian Terrier usually enjoys a long, active life. Many owners find that their dogs remain playful and bright even in older age, simply adjusting to a slightly gentler pace. Providing appropriate nutrition, exercise, mental stimulation, and veterinary support will go a long way toward keeping your Australian Terrier healthy and happy for many years.

History & Origins

The Australian Terrier has its roots firmly planted in the practical needs of early Australian settlers. When European immigrants arrived in Australia, they faced harsh conditions, unfamiliar wildlife, and significant problems with vermin around homes, farms, and goldfields. They needed small, tough dogs that could control rats and mice, warn of intruders, and cope with a rugged climate, while also fitting into modest living quarters. From these needs, the Australian Terrier gradually emerged as a distinct breed.

It is believed that the early development of the breed involved several British terrier types that were brought to Australia in the 19th century. Among those thought to have contributed are the Rough Coated Terrier, precursors of the modern Cairn and Scottish Terriers, and likely the Dandie Dinmont Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier. Through practical breeding focused on working ability rather than appearance, settlers created a dog that was small, weather resistant, and unafraid to face snakes or other threats.

These dogs were valued not only for vermin control around farms and mines, but also for their companionship. Isolated homesteads could be lonely places, and a loyal, bright little terrier made an ideal housemate as well as a worker. The Australian Terrier developed a reputation for being able to live indoors with the family while still spending long hours outside on duty. That combination of worker and companion remains central to the breed’s character today.

By the late 19th century, interest in standardising the breed grew. The Australian Terrier is recognised as one of the first native Australian breeds to be formally organised and exhibited. Dog enthusiasts began to write down desired characteristics and to present these terriers at dog shows, where their distinctive topknot and compact, sturdy build started to draw attention. Over time, a clear breed type emerged, and the name Australian Terrier was officially adopted.

Recognition by kennel clubs followed in the early 20th century, both in Australia and abroad. As the breed spread to other countries, breeders worked to preserve its working spirit and hardiness while refining its appearance to match emerging standards. Despite its small size, it remained very much a practical dog. Stories from farms and rural properties describe Australian Terriers fearlessly confronting snakes or stubbornly clearing barns of rodents, tasks that would challenge many larger breeds.

Today, most Australian Terriers live as cherished family companions rather than working vermin dogs, but traces of their history are easy to spot. Their alertness, eagerness to patrol the garden, love of digging, and quick response to rustles in the bushes all reflect their origins. In modern times, they are seen in a variety of roles:

• Family pets in both city apartments and rural homes
• Participants in dog sports such as agility, obedience, and earthdog trials
• Loyal watchdogs that offer early warning of visitors or unusual activity

Despite the shift from outback farms to suburban living rooms, the Australian Terrier has retained the qualities that made it valuable in the first place: courage, toughness in a small frame, sharp intelligence, and a deep connection to its people. For many owners, living with this breed feels like sharing life with a small piece of Australian history, as well as with a lively and affectionate companion.

Living with the Breed

Choosing to live with an Australian Terrier means welcoming a bright, active, and characterful dog into your home. Although small in size, this breed has a presence that feels far larger. It tends to be involved in every aspect of daily life. For many people, this close companionship is one of the main joys of the breed, but it does come with responsibilities and a certain level of commitment.

First, consider your lifestyle. Australian Terriers do not need endless hours of exercise, but they do need daily activity and mental stimulation. A household where no one is home for very long stretches, and where the dog would be left alone without company or enrichment, is not ideal. While they can cope with moderate periods alone if gradually trained, they thrive best when they are truly part of the family routine. Including your Australian Terrier in walks, errands where dogs are welcome, and family activities will help prevent boredom and behavioural issues.

Space requirements are relatively modest. The breed can adapt very well to apartment living, provided it gets its daily walks and some active play. A secure garden or yard is a plus, but not essential. If you do have outdoor space, expect some digging, especially if the ground is soft and inviting. Setting aside a corner as a “digging zone,” perhaps with buried toys, can help protect prized flowerbeds while letting the dog express natural behaviour.

Australian Terriers can be vocal. That makes them good watchdogs, but it also means that close neighbours might notice if barking is not kept under control. Teaching a “quiet” cue and rewarding calm behaviour from an early age can make a big difference. Providing enough physical and mental exercise will also help reduce nuisance barking, since a tired dog is generally a quieter one.

Financially, owning an Australian Terrier is broadly similar to owning other small pedigree dogs. Expected annual costs typically include:

• Quality dog food appropriate for age and activity level
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite control
• Pet insurance, which can help with unexpected medical costs
• Grooming tools or occasional professional grooming
• Replacement of toys, beds, leads, and other wear items

While costs vary by country and lifestyle, planning for both regular expenses and a buffer for emergencies is sensible. Some owners choose to invest in training classes or dog sports, which add to enjoyment but also to the budget.

In terms of equipment, prospective owners will find the following particularly useful:

• A secure, well fitted collar or harness and a sturdy lead
• A comfortable bed or crate, offering a safe resting place
• Food and water bowls that are stable and easy to clean
• A selection of durable toys for chewing, chasing, and puzzle solving
• Grooming tools such as a slicker brush, metal comb, nail clippers, and possibly a stripping knife if you plan to maintain the harsh coat by hand

A crate can be especially helpful during puppyhood for house training and for providing a quiet retreat when the dog needs rest. Many Australian Terriers appreciate having their own den, as long as it is used positively and never as a punishment.

Social life with an Australian Terrier is often lively. They enjoy being in the middle of things, greeting familiar people, and observing everything that goes on. With thoughtful introductions and early socialisation, they can fit well into households with children and other pets, although supervision and management are always important. Families should agree on consistent rules, such as where the dog is allowed, what kind of play is acceptable, and how to handle feeding and treats, so that the dog does not receive mixed messages.

Finally, think about the long term. An Australian Terrier can be part of your life for well over a decade. Puppies require significant time and energy, including house training, socialisation, and ongoing education. Adult dogs still need structure, exercise, and company. Senior Australians, while often still bright and cheerful, may need adjustments in diet, exercise, and veterinary care. Committing to the breed means being ready to adapt alongside your dog at every life stage.

For those who appreciate a small dog with a big personality, a strong sense of loyalty, and a healthy dash of terrier spirit, living with an Australian Terrier is deeply rewarding. With the right balance of training, companionship, and care, this tough little dog becomes a steadfast friend that brings warmth, humour, and a touch of Australian grit into everyday life.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of an Australian Terrier around family and strangers?

This is a confident, spirited terrier that is usually very devoted to its family and often forms a particularly close bond with one person. With strangers it may be reserved or a bit bold and vocal, but early socialisation helps it stay polite and manageable in new situations.

How much exercise does an Australian Terrier really need despite its small size?

Although small, it is an active working terrier that needs at least 45 to 60 minutes of physical activity each day, plus mental stimulation. Several brisk walks, supervised off lead play in a secure area, and short training sessions usually meet its needs.

Are Australian Terriers good apartment dogs or do they need a yard?

They can adapt well to apartment living if they receive enough structured exercise and mental enrichment. A secure yard is helpful but not essential; what matters more is daily activity, training, and managing their tendency to bark at noises or passersby.

How are Australian Terriers with other pets, especially cats and small animals?

They were bred to hunt rodents, so many retain a strong prey drive toward small furry animals. With careful introduction and consistent management, some live peacefully with resident cats, but they are generally not reliable around small pets like rabbits or hamsters.

What grooming is required for an Australian Terrier’s harsh coat?

The weather resistant, wiry coat needs weekly brushing and occasional hand stripping to prevent it from becoming soft and fluffy. Professional help or learning correct stripping technique at home is recommended, as regular clipping can change texture and reduce its natural protection.

What health problems are most common in Australian Terriers?

They are generally robust but can be prone to patellar luxation, cruciate ligament issues, diabetes, and certain allergies. Responsible breeders screen for orthopedic problems and monitor bloodwork as the dog ages, and owners should watch for changes in mobility, weight, and thirst.

Do Australian Terriers bark a lot and can this be controlled?

They are naturally alert and vocal, a trait rooted in their history as watchdogs and vermin hunters. With early training, clear routines, and teaching a reliable “quiet” cue, their barking can be reduced, but they are unlikely to be completely silent dogs.

How trainable is an Australian Terrier for first time dog owners?

They are intelligent and quick to learn, but they also have a strong independent streak typical of terriers. Consistent, reward based training and clear boundaries work well, yet novice owners should be prepared for some stubbornness and persistence during adolescence.

Is an Australian Terrier a good choice for families with young children?

They can do well with respectful, supervised children and are often playful and affectionate with kids they know. Because they are small but sturdy and can react to rough handling, adults should closely supervise interactions and teach children how to handle the dog appropriately.

What climate is most suitable for an Australian Terrier?

The harsh, weather resistant coat helps them cope with a range of climates, especially cooler or moderate temperatures. They tolerate heat less well than their Australian origins might suggest, so in warm weather they need shade, fresh water, limited midday exercise, and indoor rest.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Australian Terrier Club of Great Britain
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Norwegian Kennel Club