## Quick Facts

- Friendly, people focused retriever that thrives on being included in daily family life  
- Medium to large dog with a dense, weather resistant coat and famously soft mouth  
- Highly trainable and eager to please, ideal for many dog sports and first time owners who are prepared to commit  
- Originally bred as a gundog for retrieving game on land and in water, still loves swimming and carrying things  
- Common choice as assistance, therapy, and search and rescue dog thanks to stable temperament and intelligence  


## Appearance & Coat

The Golden Retriever is a medium to large, well balanced dog with a strong yet elegant outline. Males are typically taller and more robust, while females are a little lighter and more refined. The overall impression should be that of an athletic, powerful dog that can work all day without looking heavy or clumsy.

The head is broad but not coarse, with friendly, intelligent eyes that give the breed its characteristic soft expression. Ears are medium sized and hang close to the cheeks. The neck is strong and blends smoothly into a level, muscular back. The chest is deep enough to give good heart and lung room, which is one reason Goldens have the stamina for long walks and energetic play.

Coat texture is one of the breed’s most recognisable features. The outer coat is dense and water repellent, either straight or with a slight wave. Underneath is a thick, soft undercoat that protects against cold and wet weather. Feathering on the back of the legs, under the body, and on the tail gives a flowing, elegant look without hindering movement.

Coat colour should be any rich shade of gold or cream, from light to darker tones. Very pale or very red colours are not preferred in most breed standards. Puppies are often lighter and may darken slightly as they grow. Small white markings are usually limited to a few hairs on the chest.

Practical coat care is essential. Goldens shed all year and usually more heavily in spring and autumn. To keep the coat healthy and reduce loose hair in the home:

- Brush thoroughly 2 to 4 times per week, more often during heavy shedding  
- Use a slicker brush for the outer coat and a comb for feathering and behind the ears  
- Check for knots in the armpits, behind the ears, and in the feathering on legs and tail  
- Bathe as needed, roughly every 1 to 2 months or when dirty, using a gentle dog shampoo  

Regular grooming is also an opportunity to check ears, nails, and skin for redness or irritation. A well kept Golden Retriever coat should feel clean, slightly oily from natural protection, and never woolly or overly fluffy.  


## Temperament & Personality

Golden Retrievers are often described as “everyone’s friend,” and that is close to the truth. They are outgoing, gentle, and generally very social dogs that enjoy human company and tend to greet visitors with wagging tails rather than suspicion. This people orientated nature is a big part of their charm, but it also means they dislike being left alone for long hours on a regular basis.

With families, the Golden is typically affectionate, patient, and playful. Many are naturally gentle with children and seem to adapt their energy to whoever they are with. That said, they are still strong, enthusiastic dogs. Young Goldens in particular can be bouncy and may knock over small children if play is not supervised. Teaching calm greetings and good manners early makes family life much easier.

Around other dogs, most Goldens are sociable and relaxed. They often enjoy dog parks and group walks, although individual personalities vary. Some lines are livelier and more intense, others are calmer and softer. Well bred Golden Retrievers are rarely aggressive, but poor socialisation or harsh treatment can affect even this typically stable breed.

Many owners describe a “forever puppy” side that stays into adulthood. Goldens often keep a playful, slightly silly streak even when fully grown. They love carrying toys, nudging hands for a cuddle, and joining in whatever the family is doing. Mental stimulation is important, since a bored retriever may invent its own entertainment, such as “redecorating” the garden or stealing laundry.

Common challenges include:

- Strong interest in food that can lead to begging or stealing if boundaries are not set  
- Mouthiness and chewing, especially in adolescence, because they are natural retrievers  
- Overfriendliness, jumping up, or pulling towards people and dogs outside  

With consistent training, clear routines, and enough exercise, the Golden Retriever’s affectionate, eager temperament usually shines. For many people, this combination of warmth, intelligence, and emotional sensitivity is exactly what makes the breed so special.

<x-quote text="Our Golden just wants to be part of everything. If we cook, he is there. If we watch a film, he is under our feet. It is like having a very kind, slightly furry shadow." from="Linn, Golden Retriever owner" />


## Training & Exercise

Golden Retrievers are intelligent, cooperative, and very motivated by both food and praise. This combination makes them highly trainable, especially when training feels like a fun game. They respond best to positive reinforcement: rewards, play, clear guidance, and calm repetition rather than punishment or harsh corrections.

Basic obedience such as sit, down, stay, and recall should start from the day your puppy arrives home. Keep sessions short and upbeat, especially with young dogs. Goldens can be sensitive and may shut down if they feel repeatedly scolded or confused. If something is not working, it is usually more effective to simplify the task, break it into smaller steps, and reward small successes.

Mental activity is just as important as physical exercise. Many Golden Retrievers excel in:

- Retrieving games, especially with balls or dummies  
- Nose work, tracking, and scent games in the garden or forest  
- Obedience, rally obedience, and agility training  
- Trick training that uses their natural desire to please  

In terms of exercise, an adult Golden typically needs at least 1.5 to 2 hours of activity spread throughout the day. This should be a mix of walks, free play, and mental challenges rather than one intense run. Young puppies should not be over exercised while their joints are developing. A useful rule is a few short, controlled outings per day and plenty of rest between.

Most Goldens adore water. Swimming is an excellent low impact exercise for adults and older dogs, provided the water is safe and the dog is introduced gradually. Supervise closely around lakes, rivers, and the sea, and rinse the coat after swimming to protect skin and fur.

Training focus areas for this breed include:

- Loose leash walking, since many Goldens are enthusiastic pullers  
- Calm greetings, so their friendly nature does not become overwhelming  
- Reliable recall, especially if they love following interesting scents or birds  
- Settling on a mat or bed, helping them relax at home and in cafés or offices  

<x-quote text="Many Golden Retrievers thrive when their natural retrieving and problem solving instincts are used in training. Even 10 minutes of structured games can be surprisingly tiring for both body and mind." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />  


## Health

Golden Retrievers are generally robust, active dogs, but like all purebred breeds they have some known health risks. Responsible breeding, good lifestyle choices, and regular veterinary care can reduce many of these risks, although no dog can be guaranteed completely healthy.

Key areas to be aware of include:

- **Hip and elbow dysplasia**  
  This involves abnormal development of the joints and can lead to pain and arthritis. Breeding dogs should have official hip and elbow scores. Keeping your Golden slim, avoiding extreme exercise in puppyhood, and providing non slip flooring at home can all help protect joints.

- **Hereditary eye conditions**  
  Certain eye diseases, including cataracts and retinal problems, have been found in the breed. Responsible breeders use eye testing schemes to screen breeding stock.

- **Heart disease**  
  Some lines are affected by inherited heart conditions. Breeders may use heart examinations for breeding animals, especially in countries where this is recommended.

- **Cancer**  
  Sadly, Goldens have a relatively higher risk of certain cancers. A healthy lifestyle, maintaining correct weight, and regular vet checks are important, but some risk can be genetic.

- **Skin and ear issues**  
  The dense coat and pendulous ears can trap moisture. This can lead to ear infections or skin irritation, particularly in dogs that swim often or have allergies.

At a breed level, the typical lifespan is often around 10 to 13 years, with individual variation. Choosing a breeder who screens for hip, elbow, and eye problems and who can discuss health in their lines is a vital first step. Regular check ups and keeping vaccination and parasite control updated will support long term wellbeing.

Daily care that supports health includes:

- Keeping your Golden at a healthy weight so ribs are easily felt under a light cover of fat  
- Feeding a high quality diet appropriate for age and activity level  
- Monitoring for changes in appetite, thirst, energy, or lumps on or under the skin  
- Cleaning ears gently when needed and drying them after swimming or baths  

For owners who want extra financial security, exploring [pet insurance](https://getapet.com/en/pet-insurance) before or shortly after bringing a Golden Retriever home can make it easier to handle unexpected veterinary costs throughout the dog’s life.  


## History & Origins

The Golden Retriever was developed in Scotland in the 19th century as a specialised gundog for retrieving shot game. The local terrain and climate demanded a dog that was strong, able to work in rough ground and cold water, and gentle mouthed to carry birds without damage.

The founding dogs are believed to have included yellow retrievers from existing retriever lines, combined with water spaniels that were skilled in the marshes and lochs. Later, blood from other retrievers and possibly setters helped shape a dog that was both stylish and highly functional. Careful selection focused on three main qualities: reliable retrieving, trainable temperament, and a coat that could cope with the Scottish weather.

Over time, the Golden Retriever began to appear in field trials and shows in Great Britain, gaining recognition as a distinct breed in the early 20th century. As these dogs were exported to other countries, two main breeding directions gradually emerged in some regions. Working lines prioritise hunting ability, stamina, and focus. Show or companion lines pay more attention to appearance and often produce slightly heavier, more relaxed dogs. Many breeders aim for a balance between the two.

Today, Goldens are still used as gundogs in many parts of the world, particularly where traditional shooting sports are common. However, their role has expanded far beyond the field. The same traits that made them excellent working partners have made them highly valued as:

- Guide dogs and assistance dogs  
- Therapy and school reading dogs  
- Search and rescue dogs, including in avalanche and disaster work  
- Obedience, agility, and rally obedience competitors  
- Loyal, active family companions  

Wherever they are found, Golden Retrievers tend to attract attention for their combination of friendliness, intelligence, and natural desire to cooperate with humans. The breed’s history as a purposeful worker still shapes its needs today. Even if your Golden will never see a hunting field, it will usually be happiest when given a job, whether that is a structured dog sport, regular retrieving games, or simply being your daily walking partner.

<x-quote text="Understanding the Golden Retriever’s origins as a working gundog helps explain its needs today: this is a dog that wants to move, think, and share tasks with its person." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />  


## Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Golden Retriever is rewarding, affectionate, and often very entertaining, but it is also a long term commitment in both time and money. This is not a low maintenance breed that will be content with a quick walk around the block and being ignored for the rest of the day.

Daily life with a Golden usually includes:

- Morning and evening walks, with extra play or training sessions  
- Some level of grooming several times a week  
- Involvement in family activities, since they are happiest when included  

Their sociable nature makes them suitable for many living situations, from houses with gardens to flats, as long as they receive enough exercise and mental stimulation. A fenced outdoor area is helpful, especially for off leash play, but it does not replace proper walks and interaction. Goldens typically adapt well to city life if they are properly trained and given chances to run and explore in safe areas.

Financially, potential owners should budget for:

- Quality food for a medium to large, active dog  
- Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite prevention  
- Insurance premiums or savings for unexpected veterinary bills  
- Grooming equipment, toys, beds, training classes, and possibly boarding or pet sitting during holidays  

Over a year, the total cost can be significant, especially in the first year when you also invest in puppy classes, initial equipment, and more frequent veterinary visits. Planning ahead and being realistic about these costs is essential.

Useful equipment for a Golden Retriever includes:

- A well fitting harness and sturdy leash for daily walks  
- A comfortable bed with enough space for stretching out  
- Food and water bowls that are heavy enough not to tip  
- Quality brushes and a comb suited to double coats  
- Durable toys for retrieving, chewing, and mental games  
- Towels and possibly a drying robe for wet, muddy days  

Given their need for companionship, Golden Retrievers do best with owners who work from home, can bring the dog to work, or can arrange dog walkers or daycare when away for longer periods. Leaving a Golden alone regularly for long days can lead to stress and unwanted behaviours.

If you are still deciding whether a Golden suits your lifestyle, the [Dog Breed Advisor](https://getapet.com/en/dog-breed-advisor) can help you compare needs and characteristics with other breeds.

<x-quote text="Living with a Golden is like having a very loyal friend who always wants to join your plans. It is wonderful, but it also means you have to think about the dog in almost every decision you make." from="Mats, owner of two dogs" />

Golden Retriever

The Golden Retriever Club UK

Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)

Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)

Dansk Kennel Klub (Danish Kennel Club)

The Kennel Club UK

Friendly, medium‑large retriever with dense, water‑repellent golden coat and soft mouth. Highly trainable, people‑oriented and playful, needing daily inclusion, grooming and 1.5–2 hours of varied exercise. Bred as a gundog, now common as family, assistance and therapy dog.

## Quick Facts

- Powerful working dog with a calm, thoughtful nature when well bred and well trained  
- Deeply loyal to family and often reserved or aloof with strangers  
- Medium to large size, strong and muscular, with a short, easy-care coat  
- Needs consistent training, mental stimulation, and daily physical exercise  
- Traditionally used for driving cattle and guarding, now popular in sports and as a devoted family companion  


## Appearance & Coat

The Rottweiler is a compact yet powerful dog, built more for endurance and strength than speed. The body is slightly longer than tall, with a broad chest, strong back, and very well developed muscles. A typical adult male stands around 61 to 68 cm at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller at about 56 to 63 cm. Weight can vary depending on build and condition, but a healthy Rottweiler should look robust and athletic rather than bulky or overweight.

The head is one of the breed’s most striking features. It is broad with a well defined stop, strong muzzle, and powerful jaws. The eyes are medium sized, almond shaped, and dark, giving an alert yet steady expression. Ears are medium, triangular, and carried close to the head, which adds to the attentive look. Everything about the Rottweiler’s appearance hints at its working origins and its ability to perform demanding tasks.

The coat is short, dense, and straight, with a firm texture and a protective undercoat. It lies close to the body and offers good protection against the weather without needing complicated grooming. The only accepted color is black with well defined rust or mahogany markings. These markings appear above the eyes, on the cheeks, muzzle, chest, legs, and underneath the tail. Clear, symmetrical markings are considered a hallmark of the breed.

Coat care is relatively simple. A weekly brushing with a rubber grooming mitt or soft bristle brush helps remove loose hair and keeps the skin healthy. During shedding seasons in spring and autumn, more frequent brushing can keep hair under control. Regularly check and clean:

- Ears to prevent wax buildup
- Eyes for any redness or discharge
- Nails, which should be trimmed so they do not touch the ground when the dog walks

Bathing is usually only needed every few months or when the dog is dirty. Too frequent bathing can dry out the skin. Most Rottweilers are not heavy shedders compared to some long haired breeds, but owners should still expect a steady, moderate amount of hair in the home year round.


## Temperament & Personality

A well bred and well socialised Rottweiler is often described as calm, confident, and self assured. This is not typically an overly excitable breed. Many are somewhat reserved with strangers and take their time to assess new people and situations. With their own family, however, they are usually affectionate, playful, and strongly attached. This is a dog that often prefers to be near its people rather than lying alone in another room.

With children, Rottweilers can be very gentle and patient, especially if they grow up together and the children are taught to respect the dog. Supervision is still essential with younger kids, partly because of the dog’s weight and strength. A happy, wiggling Rottweiler can easily knock over a small child without meaning to. Sensible rules, such as not climbing on the dog or disturbing it while eating or sleeping, help keep interactions positive.

When it comes to other dogs and pets, individual temperament and early experiences matter a lot. Some Rottweilers live happily with other dogs, especially if introduced properly. Others can be more selective or intolerant, particularly with dogs of the same sex. The breed has a strong guarding instinct and can be territorial, so careful introductions and ongoing management are important. Many do very well with cats and smaller pets if raised together and if prey drive is not overly strong.

Boisterous adolescence is a common challenge. As young adults, Rottweilers are often energetic, strong, and quite full of themselves. Without structure and consistency, this can quickly turn into pulling on the leash, jumping up, and ignoring recall. They are also sensitive to the mood of their handler. Harsh or unpredictable handling can lead to anxiety or defensive reactions in some individuals.

The best homes for this breed are those that offer:

- Clear rules and steady, kind leadership  
- Plenty of positive contact, not just time in the yard  
- Ongoing socialisation with people, dogs, and different environments  

<x-quote text="Our Rottweiler is very calm at home but he notices everything. He is happiest when he has a job, even if it is just carrying his toy on walks or staying close to our kids." from="Lina, Rottweiler owner" />


## Training & Exercise

The Rottweiler is an intelligent working dog that generally enjoys having tasks to do. Most are eager to learn, especially when training is fair, consistent, and based on reward. They respond very well to food rewards, toys, and genuine praise. Many show their best side when they know what is expected of them and when training sessions are part of everyday life rather than a rare event.

Early training should focus on:

- Walking politely on leash, even around distractions  
- A reliable recall, especially for such a strong breed  
- Calm greetings with people and other dogs  
- Settling on a mat or bed when asked  

Short, frequent sessions tend to work better than long, intensive ones, especially with young dogs. Rottweilers can be a little stubborn at times and may question unclear or inconsistent rules. This is not a breed that thrives with rough handling or punishment based methods. Instead, firm but kind guidance, clear boundaries, and plenty of positive reinforcement build trust and cooperation.

In terms of exercise, adult Rottweilers usually need at least one to two hours of mixed physical and mental activity each day. This does not have to be just long walks. Many enjoy:

- Tracking and nose work  
- Obedience or rally obedience  
- Hiking and long country walks  
- Structured games of fetch or tug  
- Pulling a cart or weight pull activities where permitted and done safely  

Puppies and young dogs should not be over exercised on hard surfaces to protect growing joints. Instead, focus on shorter walks, gentle play, and mental games like scent searches or simple problem solving tasks.

If their exercise and mental needs are not met, Rottweilers may become bored and create their own entertainment. This can appear as chewing, digging, barking, or guarding behavior that becomes too intense. A well exercised and well trained Rottweiler, on the other hand, is usually relaxed at home and content to rest near its family.

Obedience classes, puppy schools, and working dog clubs can be excellent resources. They provide structure, socialisation, and guidance for owners as well as for the dog. Many Rottweilers excel in dog sports and enjoy the extra challenge of training for trials and competitions.


## Health

Rottweilers are generally robust dogs, but like all breeds they have certain health issues that appear more frequently. Responsible breeders work actively to reduce these risks by health testing breeding dogs and carefully planning litters.

Joint problems are a primary concern. Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia can cause pain, lameness, and early arthritis. In many countries, breeding dogs are x rayed and their hip and elbow scores are recorded. Prospective owners can ask breeders about these results and how they are used in breeding decisions.

Other conditions that may be seen in the breed include:

- Certain heart diseases, especially aortic stenosis and cardiomyopathy  
- Cruciate ligament injuries in the knee  
- Various types of cancer, such as bone cancer in older dogs  
- Eye issues such as entropion in some lines  

Not every Rottweiler will develop these problems, but awareness helps owners recognise symptoms early and choose breeders who take health seriously. Regular vet check ups, weight control, and suitable exercise are all part of keeping the dog comfortable and active for as many years as possible.

A healthy adult Rottweiler typically lives around 8 to 10 years, with some individuals reaching their teens. Good nutrition is essential. Large, fast growing puppies should be fed a diet designed for large breed growth to help protect joints. Keeping the dog slim is one of the simplest ways to support long term health, especially for hips, elbows, and heart.

Useful health practices include:

- Yearly veterinary examinations  
- Vaccinations and parasite control according to local recommendations  
- Dental care and tooth brushing several times a week  
- Monitoring for lumps, changes in gait, or reduced stamina  

<x-quote text="When choosing a Rottweiler, it is worth asking detailed questions about health tests, temperament, and how the breeder raises the puppies. Good preparation can make a big difference over the dog’s lifetime." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />

Some owners also choose to take out dog insurance to help manage unexpected veterinary costs. If you are considering that, you can read more about options on our Pet Insurance page: https://getapet.com/en/pet-insurance


## History & Origins

The Rottweiler has roots that go back many centuries in Europe. It is believed that dogs of similar type accompanied Roman legions, helping to drive and guard cattle that travelled with the army. As the Romans moved through what is now southern Germany, their dogs likely mixed with local herding and guarding types.

The town of Rottweil, an important cattle and trading centre in the Middle Ages, gave the breed its name. Local butchers and livestock traders needed strong, intelligent dogs that could drive cattle to market, guard money and goods, and protect their owners on the road. The Rottweiler developed into a reliable all purpose farm and drover’s dog, valued for its courage and endurance.

With the introduction of railways and other changes in livestock transport, the demand for drover dogs decreased. At one point the breed nearly disappeared. Enthusiasts who appreciated the Rottweiler’s working ability helped preserve and further develop the breed, focusing on its role as a police, service, and protection dog. The dog’s natural guarding instinct, confidence, and strong build made it very suitable for these tasks.

In the twentieth century the Rottweiler gained recognition in kennel clubs and a formal breed standard was established. The breed spread beyond Germany and became popular worldwide. Today, it is used in various roles, such as search and rescue, tracking, obedience, and protection sports, as well as in some police and security work.

At the same time, many Rottweilers now live primarily as family companions. The best modern representatives still retain their traditional character: a stable, self confident dog that can work when needed, yet relax at home with the family. This dual role means that careful breeding and responsible ownership are especially important to maintain the breed’s sound temperament and reliable nature.

<x-quote text="Understanding the Rottweiler’s background as a driving and guarding dog helps explain both its strength and its need for clear, thoughtful leadership today." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />


## Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Rottweiler can be deeply rewarding, but it is not a light commitment. This is a large, powerful dog with a strong mind. It needs time, training, and daily involvement with its people. Owners should be prepared to invest in puppy classes, good quality food, suitable equipment, and regular vet care every year.

Typical ongoing costs include:

- Food, which can be significant for a large, active dog  
- Veterinary care, vaccinations, and preventive treatments  
- Insurance, if you choose to take it  
- Training classes or club memberships  
- Toys, bedding, grooming tools, and replacement equipment over time  

From a practical point of view, a sturdy harness or well fitted collar, a strong leash, non slip bowls, and a supportive bed are basic essentials. Many owners also find a crate useful for safe rest and travel, provided it is introduced carefully and never used as punishment. Because of the breed’s strength, investing in quality equipment is wise. Cheap gear that breaks at the wrong moment can be dangerous.

Life in an apartment is possible if the dog’s exercise and mental needs are met, but regular outdoor activity is non negotiable. A house with a secure garden or yard can make life easier, though the Rottweiler should not live isolated outdoors. This is a people oriented breed that thrives on daily contact and being included in family activities.

Social responsibility is an important part of owning this breed. Some people may be wary of Rottweilers due to their powerful appearance. Well mannered behavior in public, respectful interactions around other dogs, and consistent training all help show what the breed is capable of when properly managed. Many owners find that their calm, friendly Rottweiler becomes an ambassador for the breed.

<x-quote text="Living with a Rottweiler means planning your day around walks, training, and time together, but in return you get a dog that is truly part of the family and very aware of your routines." from="Mikael, dog owner" />

If you are unsure whether this is the right breed for you, tools like the Dog Breed Advisor can help you compare traits and needs: https://getapet.com/en/dog-breed-advisor  

For those ready to make the commitment, a well raised Rottweiler can be a steady, affectionate, and deeply loyal companion that is fully involved in everyday life.

Rottweiler

The Kennel Club (UK)

Svenska Rottweilerklubben (Swedish Rottweiler Club)

Norwegian Kennel Club

Deutscher Rottweiler-Klub (German Rottweiler Club)

The Rottweiler is a strong, medium‑large working dog with a short black coat and rust markings. Calm, loyal, and family‑oriented, it tends to be reserved with strangers. It needs kind, consistent training, daily mental and physical exercise, and responsible ownership to thrive.

Golden Retriever vs Rottweiler

Characteristics

Summary

Similar breeds