¶Table of Contents
¶Quick Facts
- Powerful working dog with a calm, thoughtful nature when well bred and well trained
- Deeply loyal to family and often reserved or aloof with strangers
- Medium to large size, strong and muscular, with a short, easy-care coat
- Needs consistent training, mental stimulation, and daily physical exercise
- Traditionally used for driving cattle and guarding, now popular in sports and as a devoted family companion
¶Appearance & Coat
The Rottweiler is a compact yet powerful dog, built more for endurance and strength than speed. The body is slightly longer than tall, with a broad chest, strong back, and very well developed muscles. A typical adult male stands around 61 to 68 cm at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller at about 56 to 63 cm. Weight can vary depending on build and condition, but a healthy Rottweiler should look robust and athletic rather than bulky or overweight.
The head is one of the breed’s most striking features. It is broad with a well defined stop, strong muzzle, and powerful jaws. The eyes are medium sized, almond shaped, and dark, giving an alert yet steady expression. Ears are medium, triangular, and carried close to the head, which adds to the attentive look. Everything about the Rottweiler’s appearance hints at its working origins and its ability to perform demanding tasks.
The coat is short, dense, and straight, with a firm texture and a protective undercoat. It lies close to the body and offers good protection against the weather without needing complicated grooming. The only accepted color is black with well defined rust or mahogany markings. These markings appear above the eyes, on the cheeks, muzzle, chest, legs, and underneath the tail. Clear, symmetrical markings are considered a hallmark of the breed.
Coat care is relatively simple. A weekly brushing with a rubber grooming mitt or soft bristle brush helps remove loose hair and keeps the skin healthy. During shedding seasons in spring and autumn, more frequent brushing can keep hair under control. Regularly check and clean:
- Ears to prevent wax buildup
- Eyes for any redness or discharge
- Nails, which should be trimmed so they do not touch the ground when the dog walks
Bathing is usually only needed every few months or when the dog is dirty. Too frequent bathing can dry out the skin. Most Rottweilers are not heavy shedders compared to some long haired breeds, but owners should still expect a steady, moderate amount of hair in the home year round.
¶Temperament & Personality
A well bred and well socialised Rottweiler is often described as calm, confident, and self assured. This is not typically an overly excitable breed. Many are somewhat reserved with strangers and take their time to assess new people and situations. With their own family, however, they are usually affectionate, playful, and strongly attached. This is a dog that often prefers to be near its people rather than lying alone in another room.
With children, Rottweilers can be very gentle and patient, especially if they grow up together and the children are taught to respect the dog. Supervision is still essential with younger kids, partly because of the dog’s weight and strength. A happy, wiggling Rottweiler can easily knock over a small child without meaning to. Sensible rules, such as not climbing on the dog or disturbing it while eating or sleeping, help keep interactions positive.
When it comes to other dogs and pets, individual temperament and early experiences matter a lot. Some Rottweilers live happily with other dogs, especially if introduced properly. Others can be more selective or intolerant, particularly with dogs of the same sex. The breed has a strong guarding instinct and can be territorial, so careful introductions and ongoing management are important. Many do very well with cats and smaller pets if raised together and if prey drive is not overly strong.
Boisterous adolescence is a common challenge. As young adults, Rottweilers are often energetic, strong, and quite full of themselves. Without structure and consistency, this can quickly turn into pulling on the leash, jumping up, and ignoring recall. They are also sensitive to the mood of their handler. Harsh or unpredictable handling can lead to anxiety or defensive reactions in some individuals.
The best homes for this breed are those that offer:
- Clear rules and steady, kind leadership
- Plenty of positive contact, not just time in the yard
- Ongoing socialisation with people, dogs, and different environments
¶Training & Exercise
The Rottweiler is an intelligent working dog that generally enjoys having tasks to do. Most are eager to learn, especially when training is fair, consistent, and based on reward. They respond very well to food rewards, toys, and genuine praise. Many show their best side when they know what is expected of them and when training sessions are part of everyday life rather than a rare event.
Early training should focus on:
- Walking politely on leash, even around distractions
- A reliable recall, especially for such a strong breed
- Calm greetings with people and other dogs
- Settling on a mat or bed when asked
Short, frequent sessions tend to work better than long, intensive ones, especially with young dogs. Rottweilers can be a little stubborn at times and may question unclear or inconsistent rules. This is not a breed that thrives with rough handling or punishment based methods. Instead, firm but kind guidance, clear boundaries, and plenty of positive reinforcement build trust and cooperation.
In terms of exercise, adult Rottweilers usually need at least one to two hours of mixed physical and mental activity each day. This does not have to be just long walks. Many enjoy:
- Tracking and nose work
- Obedience or rally obedience
- Hiking and long country walks
- Structured games of fetch or tug
- Pulling a cart or weight pull activities where permitted and done safely
Puppies and young dogs should not be over exercised on hard surfaces to protect growing joints. Instead, focus on shorter walks, gentle play, and mental games like scent searches or simple problem solving tasks.
If their exercise and mental needs are not met, Rottweilers may become bored and create their own entertainment. This can appear as chewing, digging, barking, or guarding behavior that becomes too intense. A well exercised and well trained Rottweiler, on the other hand, is usually relaxed at home and content to rest near its family.
Obedience classes, puppy schools, and working dog clubs can be excellent resources. They provide structure, socialisation, and guidance for owners as well as for the dog. Many Rottweilers excel in dog sports and enjoy the extra challenge of training for trials and competitions.
¶Health
Rottweilers are generally robust dogs, but like all breeds they have certain health issues that appear more frequently. Responsible breeders work actively to reduce these risks by health testing breeding dogs and carefully planning litters.
Joint problems are a primary concern. Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia can cause pain, lameness, and early arthritis. In many countries, breeding dogs are x rayed and their hip and elbow scores are recorded. Prospective owners can ask breeders about these results and how they are used in breeding decisions.
Other conditions that may be seen in the breed include:
- Certain heart diseases, especially aortic stenosis and cardiomyopathy
- Cruciate ligament injuries in the knee
- Various types of cancer, such as bone cancer in older dogs
- Eye issues such as entropion in some lines
Not every Rottweiler will develop these problems, but awareness helps owners recognise symptoms early and choose breeders who take health seriously. Regular vet check ups, weight control, and suitable exercise are all part of keeping the dog comfortable and active for as many years as possible.
A healthy adult Rottweiler typically lives around 8 to 10 years, with some individuals reaching their teens. Good nutrition is essential. Large, fast growing puppies should be fed a diet designed for large breed growth to help protect joints. Keeping the dog slim is one of the simplest ways to support long term health, especially for hips, elbows, and heart.
Useful health practices include:
- Yearly veterinary examinations
- Vaccinations and parasite control according to local recommendations
- Dental care and tooth brushing several times a week
- Monitoring for lumps, changes in gait, or reduced stamina
Some owners also choose to take out dog insurance to help manage unexpected veterinary costs. If you are considering that, you can read more about options on our Pet Insurance page: https://getapet.com/en/pet-insurance
¶History & Origins
The Rottweiler has roots that go back many centuries in Europe. It is believed that dogs of similar type accompanied Roman legions, helping to drive and guard cattle that travelled with the army. As the Romans moved through what is now southern Germany, their dogs likely mixed with local herding and guarding types.
The town of Rottweil, an important cattle and trading centre in the Middle Ages, gave the breed its name. Local butchers and livestock traders needed strong, intelligent dogs that could drive cattle to market, guard money and goods, and protect their owners on the road. The Rottweiler developed into a reliable all purpose farm and drover’s dog, valued for its courage and endurance.
With the introduction of railways and other changes in livestock transport, the demand for drover dogs decreased. At one point the breed nearly disappeared. Enthusiasts who appreciated the Rottweiler’s working ability helped preserve and further develop the breed, focusing on its role as a police, service, and protection dog. The dog’s natural guarding instinct, confidence, and strong build made it very suitable for these tasks.
In the twentieth century the Rottweiler gained recognition in kennel clubs and a formal breed standard was established. The breed spread beyond Germany and became popular worldwide. Today, it is used in various roles, such as search and rescue, tracking, obedience, and protection sports, as well as in some police and security work.
At the same time, many Rottweilers now live primarily as family companions. The best modern representatives still retain their traditional character: a stable, self confident dog that can work when needed, yet relax at home with the family. This dual role means that careful breeding and responsible ownership are especially important to maintain the breed’s sound temperament and reliable nature.
¶Living with the Breed
Sharing your life with a Rottweiler can be deeply rewarding, but it is not a light commitment. This is a large, powerful dog with a strong mind. It needs time, training, and daily involvement with its people. Owners should be prepared to invest in puppy classes, good quality food, suitable equipment, and regular vet care every year.
Typical ongoing costs include:
- Food, which can be significant for a large, active dog
- Veterinary care, vaccinations, and preventive treatments
- Insurance, if you choose to take it
- Training classes or club memberships
- Toys, bedding, grooming tools, and replacement equipment over time
From a practical point of view, a sturdy harness or well fitted collar, a strong leash, non slip bowls, and a supportive bed are basic essentials. Many owners also find a crate useful for safe rest and travel, provided it is introduced carefully and never used as punishment. Because of the breed’s strength, investing in quality equipment is wise. Cheap gear that breaks at the wrong moment can be dangerous.
Life in an apartment is possible if the dog’s exercise and mental needs are met, but regular outdoor activity is non negotiable. A house with a secure garden or yard can make life easier, though the Rottweiler should not live isolated outdoors. This is a people oriented breed that thrives on daily contact and being included in family activities.
Social responsibility is an important part of owning this breed. Some people may be wary of Rottweilers due to their powerful appearance. Well mannered behavior in public, respectful interactions around other dogs, and consistent training all help show what the breed is capable of when properly managed. Many owners find that their calm, friendly Rottweiler becomes an ambassador for the breed.
If you are unsure whether this is the right breed for you, tools like the Dog Breed Advisor can help you compare traits and needs: https://getapet.com/en/dog-breed-advisor
For those ready to make the commitment, a well raised Rottweiler can be a steady, affectionate, and deeply loyal companion that is fully involved in everyday life.
¶Characteristics
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Breed Type | Purebred |
| Aggressiveness | 2/5 |
| Child Friendly | 3/5 |
| Energy | 5/5 |
| Hair Shedding | 2/5 |
| Health | 3/5 |
| Intelligence | 5/5 |
| Grooming Needs | 2/5 |
| Learning Ability | 4/5 |
| Barking Level | 3/5 |
| Height | 56 – 68 cm |
| Weight | 35 – 60 kg |
| Life Expectancy | 8 – 10 years |
¶Frequently Asked Questions
Are Rottweilers naturally aggressive, or is that a misconception?
They are not naturally aggressive, but they are powerful, confident guard dogs with strong protective instincts. Poor breeding, lack of socialization, and inadequate training can lead to behavior problems. With responsible breeding, early socialization, and consistent training, they are typically calm, steady, and reliable companions.
Is a Rottweiler a good family dog for homes with children?
They can be excellent family dogs and are often very devoted to children in their own household. Because of their size and strength, they need close supervision around younger kids and clear rules for interaction. Proper socialization, training, and teaching children how to respect the dog are essential.
How much exercise does a Rottweiler need each day?
Most adults need at least 60 to 90 minutes of meaningful exercise daily, including walks, training, and some form of mental work. They are not endurance runners but do best with steady, moderate activity and structured tasks. Young dogs should avoid intense impact activities until joints are mature.
What are the most common health problems in Rottweilers?
They are prone to hip and elbow dysplasia, certain cancers such as osteosarcoma, heart issues like aortic stenosis, and cruciate ligament injuries. Eye problems and obesity can also occur. Choosing health tested parents, maintaining a lean body condition, and regular veterinary checkups help reduce risk.
Are Rottweilers suitable for first‑time dog owners?
They are generally not recommended for completely inexperienced owners because they are strong, intelligent, and can be willful. They need confident, consistent handling, clear boundaries, and ongoing training. A committed beginner who works closely with a reputable breeder and trainer may succeed, but it is a demanding choice.
Can a Rottweiler live in an apartment, or do they need a large yard?
They can live in an apartment if they receive adequate daily exercise and mental stimulation. They are usually calm indoors once their needs are met, but their size and deep bark can be challenging in close quarters. Access to safe outdoor areas and a consistent routine is important.
How much grooming does a Rottweiler require and do they shed a lot?
They have a short double coat that sheds moderately year round and more heavily seasonally. Weekly brushing is usually enough, with more frequent brushing during shedding periods. Occasional baths, regular nail trimming, and ear checks complete their basic grooming needs.
What kind of training works best for Rottweilers?
They respond best to firm but fair, reward based training with clear structure and consistency. Early socialization with people, dogs, and environments is critical to prevent reactivity or overprotectiveness. Many benefit from advanced obedience, working tasks, or dog sports to channel their intelligence and drive.
Are Rottweilers safe with other dogs and pets?
They can live peacefully with other dogs and pets, especially when raised together and well socialized. Some individuals, particularly adults of the same sex, may show dog directed aggression or intolerance. Careful introductions, supervision, and management are important, especially in multi dog households.
Do Rottweilers have specific dietary needs or feeding concerns?
They do not require a special breed specific diet, but they are prone to rapid growth and joint issues, so controlled calories and appropriate large breed formulas are important during puppyhood. Adults should be kept lean to reduce stress on joints and the heart. Many owners split meals into two or more portions a day to reduce the risk of bloat.
¶Comparisons with other breeds
Compare Rottweiler with other breeds and see the differences in temperament, activity level, and care to make a confident choice. Show all comparisons
¶Find Rottweiler for sale in Sverige
- Rottweiler in Stockholm
- Rottweiler in Gothenburg
- Rottweiler in Malmo
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- Rottweiler in Haninge
- Rottweiler in Gävle
- Rottweiler in Borås
- Rottweiler in Vaxjo
