## Quick Facts

- Distinctive black and tan setter originally bred in Scotland as a tireless bird dog in harsh weather and rugged terrain  
- Intelligent, sensitive, and deeply loyal companion that bonds closely with their family and dislikes being left out  
- High stamina and work ethic that make the Gordon Setter an excellent partner for active owners who enjoy hiking, running, or dog sports  
- Slow to mature both physically and mentally, often staying puppyish and playful well into their third or even fourth year  
- Striking, silky coat with rich tan markings, which is surprisingly manageable with regular brushing and sensible grooming routines  

## Appearance & Coat

The Gordon Setter is the heaviest and most substantial of the setter breeds, with a noble and slightly serious expression that hints at the breed’s intelligence and focus. Males typically stand around 66 centimeters at the shoulder and females slightly smaller, with weight usually falling in the range of 25 to 34 kilograms depending on sex, build, and fitness level. The overall impression should be of an athletic working dog, powerful without being clumsy, and elegant without appearing fragile.

The body is slightly longer than it is tall, which helps the Gordon move efficiently in the field over long distances. The chest is deep enough to give plenty of room for heart and lungs, and the back is strong and level. You will often notice well developed hindquarters, which provide the drive and endurance that the breed is famous for. The head is fairly long and refined, with a clearly defined stop, dark brown eyes, and low set, long ears that hang close to the head with soft feathering.

The coat is one of the Gordon Setter’s most striking features. It is:

- Soft and straight or slightly wavy  
- Of medium length on the body, with silky feathering on the ears, chest, legs, and tail  
- Weather resistant enough to protect the dog when working in rain, wind, and undergrowth  

Color is always black with clearly defined rich chestnut or mahogany tan markings. These tan points appear above the eyes like expressive eyebrows, on the sides of the muzzle, throat, chest, legs, and under the tail. There may sometimes be a small white patch on the chest, but the overall look should be predominantly black with warm, shiny tan.

Coat care is manageable if you stay on top of it. A Gordon Setter that is brushed thoroughly two to three times per week will usually shed dirt and stay relatively tangle free. A pin brush and a metal comb work well for most dogs. Pay particular attention to feathering on the ears, behind the legs, and around the trousers on the hindquarters. These areas can mat if neglected, especially in active dogs that enjoy muddy forests or fields.

Owners who walk their Gordon in rough cover should also check for burrs and seeds lodged in the coat. Removing these quickly reduces the risk of mats and skin irritation. Many pet owners choose to have light trimming done by a groomer every couple of months, particularly around the feet, ears, and tail, which helps keep the dog looking neat and reduces debris carried indoors.

Bathing is needed only when the dog is dirty or has a noticeable odor. Using a gentle dog shampoo every few months is usually enough. Ears should be checked weekly for wax, redness, or odor, as the hanging ears can trap moisture and dirt. Regular nail trimming, dental care, and a quick once over for any skin lumps or irritation complete a sensible grooming routine that keeps the Gordon Setter healthy and looking his best.

## Temperament & Personality

The Gordon Setter is often described as a “one family” dog. These dogs form very deep bonds with their people and like to be close both physically and emotionally. Many will follow their owners from room to room, settle at your feet, or lean gently against your leg for reassurance. This affectionate nature makes them wonderful companions, but it also means they can be sensitive to being left alone for long periods.

In daily life, a well bred and well socialized Gordon Setter is typically:

- Loyal and devoted to their family  
- Gentle and tolerant with children once they understand how to behave around dogs  
- Calm indoors once exercise needs are met  
- Watchful and reserved with strangers, but not aggressive  

With children, Gordon Setters can be very loving and patient, particularly if they grow up together. Their size and enthusiasm, especially in adolescence, mean that supervision is important around small children. A wagging tail and excited greeting can easily knock over a toddler. Teaching children to respect the dog’s space, avoid rough play, and read signs of tiredness or stress helps everyone live together happily.

Gordon Setters often get along well with other dogs, especially if they are introduced carefully and socialized from a young age. They can be a bit more serious or proud than some gundog breeds, so they may not appreciate very boisterous or pushy canine companions. Early exposure to many different dogs and situations helps prevent shyness or overprotectiveness later on. With cats and smaller pets, the outcome depends greatly on the individual dog and how early introductions are made. Because the Gordon Setter is a hunting breed with a strong instinct to chase, many will see fast moving small animals as prey. A cat that lives in the home from puppyhood is more likely to be accepted, whereas unfamiliar cats or wildlife outside may trigger chase behavior.

Mentally, the breed is intelligent, thoughtful, and somewhat independent. In the field, a Gordon is expected to hunt at a distance from the handler and make decisions on its own. This independence can show up at home as a dog that sometimes questions commands or chooses a slower response if the dog does not see the point. They are rarely stubborn just for the sake of it, but they do require consistent, fair handling and clear boundaries.

Common challenges include:

- High energy and boredom if exercise and mental stimulation are insufficient  
- Sensitivity to harsh voices or punishment  
- Adolescent testing of rules, especially from about 8 months to 2 years  
- Strong interest in scents, which can lead to wandering if recall is not well trained  

A Gordon Setter thrives in a home where people enjoy spending time outdoors and are willing to include the dog in daily routines. When their physical and social needs are met, they are gentle, humorous, and deeply loyal companions who fit beautifully into family life and offer a calm, comforting presence in the home.

## Training & Exercise

Training a Gordon Setter is both rewarding and occasionally challenging. These dogs are bright and quick to pick up patterns, yet they also have an independent streak that comes from generations of work as hunting dogs. They were bred to search for game on their own, indicate it for the hunter, and stay steady until released. This combination of initiative and control means that training must respect their intelligence while giving them clear structure.

Positive reinforcement is the most effective training approach for this breed. Gordon Setters respond very well to rewards, whether those are treats, toys, or enthusiastic praise. They tend to shut down or become confused if treated harshly or corrected unfairly. Using short, focused training sessions that end on a success keeps the dog engaged. Variety is also important. Repeating the same exercise in the same way over and over can bore a Gordon and lead to slower responses. Mixing obedience, scent games, and small challenges such as finding hidden items or solving puzzle toys will keep their mind sharp.

Key training priorities include:

- Reliable recall, practiced from puppyhood in safe areas before progressing to more distracting environments  
- Loose lead walking, as their enthusiasm and strength can easily result in pulling  
- Calm greeting manners to prevent jumping up on visitors  
- A solid “stay” and “leave it” for safety around wildlife, food, or traffic  

Exercise needs are significant. A healthy adult Gordon Setter usually requires at least 1.5 to 2 hours of varied activity per day, including both physical exercise and mental stimulation. This is not simply about long walks on a lead. They benefit greatly from off lead running in secure areas, where they can stretch their legs and use their nose. Many owners find that two decent walks per day, combined with some training and indoor games, keep the dog content and relaxed at home.

Activities that the Gordon Setter especially enjoys include:

- Long countryside walks and hikes  
- Jogging or running with an owner once the dog is fully grown  
- Field work and gundog training, which tap into their natural instincts  
- Scent work, tracking, and search games  
- Canicross, bikejoring in cooler climates, or other active dog sports  
- Agility or rally, where their athleticism and intelligence are used constructively  

Puppies and adolescents need careful management to protect growing joints. Short, frequent play sessions, controlled lead walks, and plenty of rest are better than forced long runs or heavy jumping. Structured puppy classes focused on socialization, confidence building, and basic manners lay a strong foundation for later training.

A bored Gordon Setter often finds his own entertainment, which may include digging, chewing inappropriate items, or relentless barking at passersby. Owners who invest time in training, enrichment, and varied exercise are rewarded with a responsive, eager to please partner that can excel in many fields and adapt well to family life.

## Health

Gordon Setters are generally robust and athletic dogs, but like all purebred breeds they are predisposed to certain health conditions. Responsible breeders work actively to reduce these risks through health testing, thoughtful breeding choices, and careful rearing of puppies. Prospective owners should familiarize themselves with the main issues and ask breeders about the health status of both parents.

Some of the more commonly discussed health concerns in Gordon Setters include:

Hip dysplasia  
This is a developmental condition where the hip joint does not fit together as it should, leading over time to pain, arthritis, and reduced mobility. Reputable breeders have hips scored and choose breeding dogs with good results. Keeping a Gordon Setter lean, avoiding excessive impact exercise during growth, and providing appropriate nutrition all help protect the joints.

Elbow dysplasia  
Less common than hip issues, but still present in some lines. As with hips, elbow scoring before breeding and sensible management of exercise in youngsters can reduce the risk of clinical problems.

Progressive retinal atrophy and other eye conditions  
Progressive retinal atrophy is an inherited eye disease that can lead to gradual loss of vision. Eye testing of breeding stock by a veterinary ophthalmologist is strongly recommended. Some clubs also recommend DNA tests where available to identify carriers and avoid risky mating combinations. Cataracts and other eye issues may also appear, so regular eye checks are helpful, especially as the dog ages.

Hypothyroidism  
This endocrine disorder involves low thyroid hormone levels and can cause symptoms like lethargy, weight gain, skin or coat problems, and behavioral changes. It can usually be managed with daily medication once diagnosed.

Gastric dilatation volvulus, often called bloat  
Like many deep chested breeds, Gordon Setters can be at risk of bloat, a life threatening condition where the stomach fills with gas and may twist. Owners should learn the signs, which can include unproductive retching, a distended abdomen, restlessness, and signs of pain. Feeding two or more smaller meals per day rather than one large meal, avoiding heavy exercise immediately before and after eating, and preventing rapid gulping of water or food are sensible precautions. Some owners in high risk breeds choose a preventive surgery called a gastropexy after discussing it with their veterinarian.

Ear infections  
The long, pendulous ears can trap moisture and debris. Regular ear checks, gentle cleaning when needed, and thorough drying after swimming or baths help prevent infections.

Overall lifespan for a Gordon Setter usually ranges from 10 to 13 years, with some individuals living longer with good care and a bit of luck. Keeping your dog at an ideal body weight, providing regular veterinary checks, vaccinations, parasite control, dental care, and an age appropriate diet all play major roles in long term health.

Responsible breeders may use a combination of tests recommended by national breed clubs. When speaking with breeders, good questions include:

- What health tests have been performed on the parents, and may I see the results  
- How long do dogs in your lines typically live, and what health problems have you encountered  
- What guidance do you offer new owners about nutrition, exercise, and preventive care  

A breeder who is open, knowledgeable, and genuinely concerned about the welfare of the breed is a strong ally in starting your life with a Gordon Setter on the healthiest footing possible.

## History & Origins

The Gordon Setter’s roots lie in the rugged landscapes of Scotland, where tough, weather resistant gundogs were needed for hunting birds such as grouse over moors and heather. While setters as a group have a long shared history, the specific type that became the Gordon Setter is most closely associated with the kennels of the 4th Duke of Gordon in the early 19th century.

At the Duke’s estate, Gordon Castle, a line of black and tan setters was carefully developed that combined stamina, scenting ability, and a steady, dependable nature. These dogs were prized not just for their beauty, but for their ability to work long days in often harsh conditions, covering large distances at a moderate pace and “setting” game birds by freezing in a characteristic pose to indicate the location of the birds to the hunter.

There is some debate about the exact origins of the Gordon Setter’s color and build. Historical accounts mention possible crosses with Collies, Bloodhounds, and other local working dogs, as breeders experimented to produce a dog that was not only attractive but could perform consistently in the field. Over time, a recognizable type emerged: heavier and more substantial than other setters, with a calm determination and rich black and tan coat.

The breed spread beyond Scotland and gained popularity in other parts of the United Kingdom and later in mainland Europe and North America. The first breed standards began to appear in the 19th century, and kennel clubs eventually recognized the Gordon Setter as distinct from English and Irish Setters. Despite regional preferences for slightly different working styles or appearance details, the essence of the breed remained the same: a versatile bird dog with great heart and endurance.

In modern times, the Gordon Setter retains its role as a working gundog in many countries, especially among enthusiasts who value traditional field work and hunting. At the same time, the breed has found a firm place as a loyal family companion and a participant in various dog sports. Many Gordons compete successfully in field trials, hunting tests, obedience, rally, scent work, and agility.

The balance between maintaining working ability and meeting the expectations of family pet owners is an ongoing challenge for breeders and clubs. Breed organizations in several countries actively promote field training days, working tests, and educational events to preserve the Gordon’s hunting heritage while also supporting responsible ownership. Today, the Gordon Setter is admired worldwide as a beautiful, thoughtful, and capable dog that carries a distinct piece of Scottish history into modern homes and fields.

## Living with the Breed

Living with a Gordon Setter is a rewarding experience for people who appreciate an active, intelligent dog that is closely involved in everyday life. It is not a breed that fits well with a very sedentary lifestyle or with owners who are away from home for long hours most days. Before bringing a Gordon Setter into your family, it is wise to consider how their needs match your routines, space, and long term plans.

First, think about time and activity level. A Gordon will need daily exercise in almost all weather conditions. This does not have to mean intense sports every day, but it does mean a commitment to:

- At least two decent walks or outings daily  
- Opportunities for off lead running in secure areas where local regulations allow  
- Regular training, games, and mental challenges  

If you enjoy hiking at weekends, walking in the countryside, exploring forests or beaches, or taking part in dog activities, a Gordon Setter can be an ideal companion. Apartment living is possible for a well exercised, mature Gordon, but access to safe outdoor spaces and a clear exercise plan are essential. A house with a securely fenced garden or yard makes life easier, as many Gordons have a strong drive to follow interesting scents and may wander if left unsupervised.

Financially, new owners should budget not only for the initial purchase price or adoption fee, but also for ongoing costs. These typically include:

- Quality food suitable for a medium to large active breed  
- Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite control  
- Insurance or a savings plan for potential emergencies  
- Regular grooming tools and occasional professional grooming  
- Training classes, activity club fees, and enrichment toys  
- Replacement of leads, collars, beds, and other worn equipment  

Depending on your country and level of insurance, annual costs can be significant, particularly in the first few years when training and equipment purchases are higher. Planning ahead helps avoid difficult decisions later.

Useful equipment for living comfortably with a Gordon Setter includes a well fitted harness or collar, a strong lead, a long line for recall training, and a comfortable bed in a quiet place where the dog can rest undisturbed. Many owners find that a crate, introduced positively, helps with house training and gives the dog a secure den. For the car, a secure crate or harness is important for safe transport to walks, training, or veterinary visits.

Indoors, a Gordon Setter is usually calm and relaxed once exercised, happy to stretch out near the family or curl up in a favorite spot. They often enjoy routine and can become somewhat unsettled if households are very chaotic. Clear rules from the start, consistent expectations, and gentle but firm boundaries help prevent problem behaviors such as counter surfing, rough play, or persistent barking at windows.

Social contact is extremely important. Gordon Setters do not thrive if confined to a kennel or left alone for most of the day. While many can learn to cope with a working day if given a good morning walk, company at lunchtime, and active evenings, they are at their best in homes where someone is around for a significant part of the day. Separation training from puppyhood, using short and positive absences, helps prevent anxiety.

For people who understand and appreciate their needs, Gordon Setters bring a great deal of joy. They are funny, expressive dogs with a deep gaze and a quiet way of being close that many owners describe as almost human in its warmth. They offer an active outdoor lifestyle, a calm indoor presence, and a partnership that, with proper care and commitment, can last for many years and create unforgettable memories.

Gordon Setter

The Kennel Club (UK)

Gordon Setter Club of the United Kingdom

Deutscher Setter Club e.V. (Germany)

Svenska Gordonsetterklubben (Sweden)

Norsk Gordonsetter Klub (Norway)

The Gordon Setter is a substantial Scottish gundog with a black-and-tan silky coat, bred for stamina in harsh terrain. Intelligent, sensitive, and loyal, it bonds closely with family, needs plenty of daily exercise, kind consistent training, regular grooming, and careful health screening.

## Quick Facts

- Tiny in size but big in attitude, the Pomeranian is a classic “small dog with a large personality” that fills a home with energy and presence.  
- Their fluffy double coat is one of the most recognizable in the dog world and comes in a wide range of colors, from orange and cream to black, blue, chocolate, sable and many combinations.  
- Very people focused and alert, Pomeranians are often excellent little watchdogs who will quickly tell you if something changes around the home.  
- Intelligent and quick to learn, they thrive on mental stimulation and short, fun training sessions rather than long, repetitive exercises.  
- Despite their toy size, they are active and agile, but their exercise needs can usually be met with daily walks, play and indoor games, which suits many city and apartment lifestyles.  


## Appearance & Coat

The Pomeranian is the smallest variety of the Spitz family. At first glance, most people notice the fox‑like expression, the alert, dark eyes and the proud way they carry themselves. Adult dogs are compact, with a short back, a deep chest for their size and a level topline. The tail is one of their trademarks. It is set high and lies flat over the back, richly covered with long, flowing hair that gives a rounded silhouette.

In terms of size, many Pomeranians weigh between 2 and 3.5 kilograms, with a height around 20 to 24 centimeters at the shoulder. They should feel surprisingly solid when you lift them, not fragile or overly fine‑boned. A well‑built Pom looks balanced from all angles, with straight legs and enough substance to move soundly and confidently.

The coat is a true double coat. The undercoat is soft, thick and woolly, providing insulation. The outer coat is longer, harsher and stands out from the body, which gives that famous “powder puff” or ball‑like outline. Around the neck and chest the hair forms a ruff or mane, which is more prominent in males. The hindquarters often show distinct “pants” of longer hair.

Colors are remarkably varied. Common shades include:

- Orange in many tones  
- Cream, white or cream sable  
- Black, brown, chocolate, blue  
- Black and tan, blue and tan, chocolate and tan  
- Parti‑colors with white and patches of another color  

For coat care, consistency is much more important than perfection. Plan for:

- Brushing 2 to 3 times a week with a pin brush and a comb, focusing on behind the ears, armpits, under the tail and the “pants” where tangles form easily.  
- Gentle line brushing down to the skin rather than just skimming the surface. This helps prevent matting of the undercoat.  
- Regular checks for small mats, which can hide moisture and irritate the skin if left.  
- Occasional baths, roughly every 4 to 8 weeks, using a mild dog shampoo and thorough drying so the undercoat does not stay damp.  

Keep the hair around the paws and under the feet trimmed for better grip and cleanliness. Many owners also lightly tidy the rear and tail area for hygiene. A Pomeranian in full coat is beautiful, but remember that shaving them very short can affect how the coat grows back and can reduce natural protection against heat and cold. Careful grooming is usually a better solution than clipping the coat away.  


## Temperament & Personality

Living with a Pomeranian often feels like sharing your home with a tiny, curious roommate who wants to be involved in everything. They are lively, alert and often quite talkative. Many Poms develop strong bonds with their people and like to follow them from room to room. Despite their size, they rarely see themselves as small and often greet life with confidence that can border on boldness.

With families, Pomeranians enjoy being in the middle of everyday activities. They like interaction, games and cuddles on the sofa. With children, they can be affectionate and playful, but their small bodies are vulnerable to rough handling. This breed is usually best suited to families with slightly older, dog‑savvy children who can learn to sit on the floor with the dog, avoid grabbing, and respect when the dog wants space.

Around other dogs, the Pomeranian can be surprisingly fearless. Some individuals will happily play with much larger dogs, which is not always safe. Others are more reserved and prefer the company of dogs their own size. Early socialisation helps them learn polite dog language and reduces the risk of “big attitude in a tiny body” turning into reactive barking or snapping. With cats and other pets, many Poms can live peacefully if they are introduced calmly and early.

Their alert, bright nature makes them quick to notice sights and sounds. This is part of what makes them good little watchdogs but also what can lead to excessive barking if it is not guided. Neighbours in apartments will appreciate early training to teach “quiet” and set routines, such as calmly watching out the window without reacting to every passer‑by.

Many owners describe Pomeranians as surprisingly sensitive. They do best with kind, consistent routines and clear boundaries rather than harsh corrections. When they feel secure, they show a charming combination of independence and affection. They often enjoy short bursts of play followed by time close to their person.

<x-quote text="Our Pom is tiny but has more personality than many big dogs I have met. She wants to be part of everything, but she also picks up on my mood very quickly, so we try to keep life calm and predictable for her." from="Lisa, Pomeranian owner" />


## Training & Exercise

Although the Pomeranian belongs to the toy group, it shares working roots with larger Spitz breeds, which shows in its intelligence and quick reactions. They tend to enjoy training that feels like a game. Many are food motivated, others love small toys or praise. Short, varied training sessions of 5 to 10 minutes suit them better than long, repetitive drills.

Positive reinforcement is essential. These dogs can be proud and will often shut down if training feels unpleasant. Reward the behaviours you want to see and use gentle management to prevent unwanted habits from being rehearsed. Because Pomeranians are very observant, they often learn household routines without much effort. This is convenient but also means they can pick up less desirable habits, such as running to the door at the slightest noise or demanding attention with barking.

Basic training priorities should include:

- Reliable recall suited to their size and safety  
- Calm greetings with people and dogs  
- Barking on cue and “quiet” on cue  
- Handling and grooming training, for brushing, teeth care and vet visits  
- Confidence building through simple tricks and nose work  

Exercise needs are usually moderate compared with larger active breeds. Most adult Poms are happy with:

- Two to three short walks per day, adapted to the dog’s age and fitness  
- Extra play sessions indoors or in a safe, enclosed garden  
- Mental exercise such as puzzle toys, scent games and simple obedience or trick training  

Because of their size, a Pomeranian’s joints and growth plates must be protected, especially in puppies. Avoid long stair sessions, jumping from furniture and very long or intense runs. Cold or very wet weather can be tiring for them, so a well‑fitting dog coat during winter and careful monitoring in hot weather are both helpful. In summer, pick cooler times of day for walks and always provide fresh water and shade.

For owners who like structured activities, many Poms enjoy:

- Rally obedience with short, precise exercises  
- Agility on a low, safe level with attention to joint safety  
- Trick training and freestyle where their expressive nature can shine  

<x-quote text="Many Pomeranians are happier with three short, interesting walks and some brain games at home than with one long, exhausting outing. Thinking work often tires them out more pleasantly than distance." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />


## Health

The Pomeranian is a generally long‑lived breed, and it is not unusual for well cared‑for individuals to reach 12 to 15 years or more. At the same time, like all breeds, they have some health areas that owners and breeders should pay special attention to.

Because of their toy size, dental health is a key topic. Their small jaws can lead to crowded teeth and increased plaque build‑up. Daily or near‑daily tooth brushing with dog toothpaste, along with regular dental checks at the vet, helps prevent painful dental disease later in life.

Orthopedic issues can occur, especially patellar luxation, where the kneecap moves out of its normal position. Responsible breeders screen breeding dogs for knee health. As an owner, keeping your Pomeranian slim and avoiding frequent jumping from high furniture, especially in puppyhood, can reduce strain on the joints.

Some Pomeranians may experience tracheal sensitivity or collapsing trachea. This can show as a dry, honking cough, especially when pulling on the lead. Using a well‑fitting harness instead of a collar for walks is usually recommended to take pressure off the neck. If you notice persistent coughing or breathing changes, a veterinary check is important.

Other issues that can be seen in the breed include:

- Certain eye conditions, such as cataracts  
- Heart disease in older age  
- Skin and coat problems, including alopecia or so‑called “black skin disease” in some lines  

Prospective puppy buyers can ask breeders which health tests they perform and how they work to maintain healthy lines. Many responsible breeders use knee evaluations, eye examinations and, in some countries, additional tests recommended by kennel clubs or breed clubs.

Weight management is another simple but vital health factor. It is easy to overfeed a small dog. Even a little extra weight can put strain on the heart and joints. Use a measuring cup for food, include treats in the daily ration and aim to feel ribs under a light fat cover.

Finally, schedule regular vet checks and keep vaccinations and parasite protection up to date. Considering [pet insurance](https://getapet.com/en/pet-insurance) is often wise for small breeds that may require dental work or specialist diagnostics in older age.

<x-quote text="When choosing a Pomeranian puppy, ask about the health history of parents and grandparents, not just the tests on paper. Good breeders are usually open to discussing both strengths and weaknesses in their lines." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />


## History & Origins

The Pomeranian belongs to the wider Spitz family, which also includes breeds like the German Spitz, Samoyed and Finnish Spitz. All share typical features such as a pointed muzzle, erect ears, a thick double coat and a curled tail. Historically, Spitz‑type dogs developed in colder climates, working as watchdogs, sled dogs and general farm helpers.

The ancestors of today’s Pomeranian were much larger, often weighing 10 to 15 kilograms or more. They came from the region historically known as Pomerania, located along the Baltic Sea in what is now parts of Germany and Poland. There they worked as versatile farm dogs and companions, valued for their alertness, weather resistant coats and loyalty.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, these dogs attracted attention in Britain and elsewhere in Europe as charming companions. Over time, breeders selected for smaller size, richer coat and a more companion oriented temperament. One of the most famous admirers was Queen Victoria, who kept and bred Pomeranians. Her preference for smaller individuals greatly influenced the breed, leading to the miniature version we recognize today.

As the breed spread, different color varieties became popular in different periods. Orange and sable were favoured for many years, but modern breeding has embraced a wide palette. Breed standards across kennel clubs today emphasize type, soundness and the characteristic lively, proud expression.

Today the Pomeranian is primarily a companion and show dog. They appear in conformation shows worldwide and are also increasingly seen in dog sports, therapy work and as urban family dogs. Despite their refined appearance, many still show hints of their working background in their alertness, curiosity and strong sense of territory.

Their journey from robust farm Spitz to glamorous toy companion is one of the more dramatic size changes in the dog world. Yet at heart, a Pomeranian still carries much of the spirit of a larger Spitz, only in a smaller, portable package that suits modern home and city life.  


## Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Pomeranian means adjusting to a small but vivid presence that is often involved in most of your daily routines. These dogs tend to bond closely with their families and do not enjoy being left alone for very long. Many cope well with a normal working day if they are gradually trained to it and receive quality time, mental stimulation and exercise when their people are home. Very long days alone, day after day, are not ideal.

New owners should be ready for:

- Regular grooming with brushing several times a week  
- Daily walks and playtime, even though the dog is small  
- Ongoing training to manage barking and polite behaviour  
- A focus on dental care and general health maintenance  

Costs will vary by country, but it helps to plan for:

- Initial purchase price, which can be considerable for a well bred Pomeranian  
- Vaccinations, microchipping and early vet care  
- Spaying or neutering if not used for breeding  
- Quality food suitable for small breeds  
- Regular grooming tools or professional grooming if you prefer help  
- Insurance and routine veterinary checks each year  

Over a year, routine costs plus occasional extras like dental cleaning or minor illnesses can add up. Having a financial buffer or insurance policy makes it easier to handle surprises without stress.

Useful equipment for a Pomeranian includes:

- A comfortable, snug harness that does not pressure the neck  
- Light but sturdy leads, plus a long line for safe outdoor freedom  
- A crate or pen as a safe resting place and for travel  
- Non slip steps or ramps if the dog often gets on sofas or beds  
- Puzzle toys, snuffle mats and chew items suited to small jaws  
- A soft, warm bed placed away from drafts  

Living space can be small or large. Poms can thrive in apartments as long as their needs for company, movement and mental activity are met. Sound management is important in close living, so teaching calm behaviour at the door and rewarding quiet moments from an early age pays off later.

For those considering breeding, specialist knowledge of toy breed whelping, good support from a mentor and appropriate tools such as [breeder tools](https://getapet.com/en/breeder-tools) and litter insurance are very helpful. Responsible breeding in this small breed requires careful planning of size, temperament and health.

<x-quote text="What surprised me most was how much life a small dog can bring into a home. Our Pom is low impact on space but high impact on daily joy, and she has made us more active and present in our routines." from="Johan, dog owner" />

If you are unsure whether a Pomeranian is the right breed for your lifestyle, exploring the [Dog Breed Advisor](https://getapet.com/en/dog-breed-advisor) can help you compare different breeds and reflect on what kind of companion will fit you best.

<x-quote text="Before welcoming a Pomeranian, think beyond the cute looks. Ask yourself if you are ready for a sensitive, alert and grooming intensive little companion for well over a decade." from="Get a Pet Editorial" />

Pomeranian

Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)

Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)

Norsk Kennel Klub (Norwegian Kennel Club)

Deutscher Spitz Club (Germany)

Tiny, fox‑like Spitz with a fluffy double coat in many colors. Weighing 2–3.5 kg, Pomeranians are lively, alert, people‑focused companions and good watchdogs. They need regular grooming, gentle positive training, daily walks, mental games, dental care and protection of their small joints.

Gordon Setter vs Pomeranian

Characteristics

Summary

Similar breeds