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They can be good family companions, but their tiny size and fragile build mean they are best suited to homes with gentle, dog‑savvy children. Many enjoy playing and being involved in family life, but supervision is important to prevent rough handling or accidental injury.

Despite their small size, they are active and typically need two short walks plus playtime each day. Mental stimulation such as training games is just as important as physical exercise, because they are alert, quick learners that can become noisy or restless if bored.

They are naturally vocal watchdogs and tend to bark at new sounds, people or animals. Early training that rewards quiet behavior, along with enough exercise and mental activity, can significantly reduce nuisance barking but will not eliminate their alert nature.

Their thick double coat needs brushing several times a week to prevent matting, especially around the neck, behind the ears and on the hindquarters. Professional grooming every few months can help keep the coat tidy, and shaving very short is generally discouraged because it can damage coat texture and growth.

They are particularly at risk for dental disease, luxating patellas, tracheal collapse and certain eye conditions. Regular veterinary checkups, good dental care and careful weight management help reduce the impact of these common issues.

Their small size and moderate exercise needs suit apartments well, as long as their barking is managed. They need daily walks, indoor play and consistent training so that their watchdog tendencies do not cause conflicts with neighbors.

They have fine bone structure and are vulnerable to injury from falls, jumps off furniture and rough handling. Owners should supervise interactions with children and larger dogs, use a harness instead of a collar for walks and be cautious on stairs and slippery floors.

They are usually bold, curious and sometimes a bit suspicious of strangers, often announcing visitors with barking. With other dogs, they may act fearless despite their size, so early socialization is important to build confidence and appropriate manners.

They shed year‑round and many go through heavier seasonal shedding, especially when they blow their undercoat. Regular brushing and frequent vacuuming help manage loose hair, but people wanting a low‑shed breed may find the coat difficult to live with.

They are intelligent and usually eager to learn, which makes basic obedience training quite achievable with positive methods. Housebreaking can take patience because of their small bladder size, so a consistent schedule, frequent trips outside and sometimes indoor potty options are helpful.