Pekingese

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Ancient Chinese companion breed that once lived exclusively in the imperial palaces of Beijing
• Small, sturdy toy dog with a lion‑like mane and surprisingly confident, even regal, attitude
• Independent and sometimes stubborn, yet deeply devoted and affectionate with their chosen people
• Low exercise needs but high grooming demands due to their long, dense double coat and flat face
• Usually reserved with strangers, but loyal watchdogs that often believe they are much bigger than they are

Appearance & Coat

The Pekingese is a small toy breed, but everything about its appearance suggests strength, dignity, and presence. People who meet a well bred Pekingese for the first time are often surprised by how solid the dog feels when lifted. Under the luxurious coat is a compact, heavy‑boned body. The head is broad, with a flat face, dark expressive eyes, and slightly wrinkled features that give the dog a thoughtful and sometimes slightly serious expression. The nose is short, and the muzzle is very shallow, which is part of the characteristic look, but also something that demands careful management in hot weather.

The body is slightly longer than it is tall, with a level topline and a tail that is carried proudly over the back, often draped with long feathering. Forequarters are strong, and the chest is broad for such a small dog. A Pekingese should never look fragile or spindly. Even though they are small enough to fit comfortably on a lap, they should give an impression of substance and balance, like a tiny lion sitting in the living room.

The coat is one of the main attractions of the breed. It is long, straight, and harsh on the outer layer, with a softer and more insulating undercoat. Around the neck and shoulders the hair forms a mane or frill, especially pronounced in mature males, which contributes to the little lion image. The legs, ears, and tail have feathering, while the face is relatively smooth. Coat colors are extremely varied. You can find Pekingese in shades such as:

• Fawn, gold, red, or sable
• Black, black and tan, or parti color
• Cream, white, or lighter shades with black mask

All colors and markings are generally acceptable, as long as the overall outline and quality of the coat are correct.

Caring for this coat demands regular commitment. A Pekingese that is left ungroomed can quickly develop mats behind the ears, under the legs, around the tail, and in the feathering on the belly and hindquarters. Daily light brushing, even if only for a few minutes, is highly recommended. A pin brush and a metal comb work well. Many experienced owners brush the dog in layers, lifting the coat and working gently from the skin outward. This helps keep the undercoat free and prevents painful tangles.

Bathing is usually needed every three to six weeks, depending on lifestyle. Show dogs may be bathed more often, while family pets can go longer if they are kept clean and brushed. It is important to dry the coat carefully after a bath to prevent skin problems. A cool setting on a blow dryer, combined with gentle brushing while drying, keeps the coat fluffy and reduces humidity near the skin. The facial folds, if present, should be wiped regularly with a soft cloth to keep them clean and dry.

Owners who do not plan to show their Pekingese sometimes opt for a shorter, practical trim that keeps the dog more comfortable and easier to maintain, especially in warm climates. Even with a shorter cut, some brushing and regular hygiene care are still needed. Nail trimming, ear cleaning, and checking the eyes for irritation are part of good routine care for this charming toy companion.

Temperament & Personality

The Pekingese is often described as a big dog in a small body. This phrase fits them very well. Despite their toy size, they carry themselves with calm confidence and a sense of importance that reflects their long history as imperial dogs. Many Pekingese have a dignified, slightly aloof attitude around strangers, watching the world with quiet curiosity rather than rushing to greet everyone. Once they accept someone into their inner circle, however, they can be deeply loving and devoted.

In daily life, the Pekingese is usually quite content to share the sofa, follow you from room to room, and supervise the household. They enjoy being near their people but do not always demand constant physical attention in the same way some other toy breeds do. Instead, they tend to choose when and where they want affection. This independence can be charming, but it can also surprise owners who expect a constantly clingy lapdog. With time, many Pekingese form especially close bonds with one or two family members, while staying polite but reserved with others.

With families, the breed can do very well, provided children learn how to treat a small dog respectfully. Pekingese are sturdy for their size, but they are still small and can be injured by rough handling, grabbing, or being dropped. The ideal home with children is one where adults supervise interactions and teach kids to sit on the floor to cuddle, rather than carrying the dog around. When children are kind and predictable, the Pekingese is often patient and tolerant, and will happily join story time on the bed or settle at a child’s feet during homework.

Around other pets, Pekingese vary by individual temperament and socialization. Many live peacefully with other dogs and can coexist with cats, especially when introduced gradually and as young dogs. Because they often feel quite important, some Pekingese may try to boss larger dogs, so supervision is wise. Early, positive introductions to other animals, visitors, and a range of environments help reduce the chance of excessive shyness or suspicion. As watchdogs, they can be surprisingly alert and will usually bark to announce someone at the door or anything unusual outside.

Common challenges include stubbornness and sensitivity. Pekingese do not respond well to harsh corrections or shouting. They remember unfair treatment and may become defensive or uncooperative if they feel bullied. They also have a tendency toward selective hearing. If something does not interest them, they might ignore you completely. For this reason, living with a Pekingese is often compared to living with a cat as much as with a dog. They require respect, gentle handling, and patient training to bring out their best qualities.

Overall, the temperament of the Pekingese suits calm households that appreciate a companion with personality and presence. If you enjoy a dog that is loyal, proud, and a bit quirky, and you are ready to accept that they will not always be eager to please, then the Pekingese can be a wonderfully rewarding friend.

Training & Exercise

Training a Pekingese is an interesting mix of working with intelligence and working around independence. These dogs are smart and can learn many cues, but they decide for themselves whether something is worth doing. Owners who come from very biddable breeds, such as many retrievers or herding dogs, may need to adjust their expectations. With Pekingese, success comes from patience, consistency, and understanding that cooperation is a choice you must earn, not something you automatically receive.

Positive reinforcement training is essential. This means rewarding the behaviors you like with treats, praise, or play, and avoiding harsh physical or verbal corrections. A Pekingese that is shouted at or forced is likely to shut down or resist. Short, frequent training sessions work better than long ones. Five minutes of focused work is often plenty for a puppy or young adult. Training can be integrated into daily routines. For example, ask for a sit before putting down the food bowl, or practice a short recall in the hallway before going out for a walk.

House training can take time, particularly in bad weather when small dogs are reluctant to go outside. Using a regular schedule, going out after sleep, meals, and play, and rewarding the dog immediately after toileting outside helps build good habits. Some owners also use indoor dog toilets or pads, especially in apartments, although it is still important to encourage outdoor toileting where possible.

In terms of exercise, the Pekingese is not a high energy breed. They do not need long runs or intense sports. However, they are not living ornaments either. Regular, gentle exercise keeps them fit, helps control weight, and supports joint and heart health. Most adult Pekingese do well with:

• Two or three short walks per day, adjusted for age and health
• Indoor play sessions, such as gentle fetch with a soft toy
• Opportunities to explore the garden or yard at their own pace

Because of their flat faces, Pekingese can overheat easily and are more prone to breathing difficulties during strenuous activity, especially in hot or humid weather. Walks should be taken in the cooler parts of the day, and you should always watch for signs of distress, such as heavy open‑mouthed breathing, noisy respiration, or reluctance to move. A harness rather than a collar is strongly recommended to avoid pressure on the neck and throat.

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise, even for a small companion dog. Pekingese often enjoy:

• Food puzzles and treat dispensing toys
• Short nose work games, like searching for hidden treats around a room
• Learning simple tricks, such as spin, paw, or targeting a hand

These activities provide enrichment without putting strain on their joints or breathing.

Socialization is another key part of training. Introducing a Pekingese puppy to different people, gentle dogs, various sounds, surfaces, and environments reduces the risk of fearfulness later in life. Experiences should always be controlled and positive. For example, let the puppy watch traffic or a busy street from a safe distance rather than forcing it straight into a noisy crowd.

Some Pekingese can succeed in low impact dog sports such as obedience at beginner levels or rally, as long as care is taken to protect their breathing and joints. Most, however, will be happiest as well loved companions who enjoy brief training games and comfortable walks. If you accept their unique character and use kind methods, training a Pekingese can be a delightful experience that deepens the bond between you.

Health

The Pekingese is generally a long‑lived breed for its size, with many reaching 12 to 14 years and some living even longer. As with all purebred dogs, there are certain health concerns that potential owners should understand. Knowledgeable breeders work hard to reduce these risks, but it is important to be aware of them and choose your puppy or adult dog carefully.

One of the main health topics in Pekingese is their brachycephalic (flat‑faced) structure. The short muzzle and compact skull can lead to breathing difficulties, especially in hot or humid conditions or during heavy exertion. Some individuals suffer from brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, where the airways are partially blocked by soft tissues. Responsible breeders select for dogs that breathe comfortably at rest and during gentle exercise. As an owner, you should avoid overheating, use a harness instead of a collar, and keep your dog at a healthy weight to reduce stress on the respiratory system.

The prominent eyes of the Pekingese are another characteristic feature that needs special care. The large, dark eyes are beautiful and expressive, but can be more exposed to injury, irritation, or dryness. Conditions such as corneal ulcers, dry eye, or inward rolling eyelids may occur in some lines. Regular eye checks by your veterinarian, careful monitoring at home, and avoiding situations where debris or sharp plants can scratch the eye are important preventive steps.

Orthopedic issues, such as patellar luxation (loose kneecaps), can occur, as they do in many toy breeds. Intervertebral disc disease is also seen due to the breed’s body shape and short legs. Keeping the dog slim, avoiding excessive jumping from furniture, and providing ramps or steps where needed can lower the strain on the spine and joints. Soft, non‑slippery surfaces in the home help the dog feel secure and reduce the risk of falls.

Other potential health issues in Pekingese may include heart problems, dental disease, and certain neurological or skin conditions. Because the breed often has a dense coat and skin folds, good grooming hygiene is important to prevent infections. Regular tooth brushing is especially valuable, as small breeds are prone to tartar buildup and gum disease. Many dogs will accept tooth brushing if introduced gently and rewarded well from puppyhood.

Responsible breeders often use health testing to improve the overall wellbeing of Pekingese. Depending on country and kennel club guidelines, recommended tests may include:

• Eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist
• Patella checks for kneecap stability
• Cardiac evaluations where heart issues are a concern in the line

When you visit a breeder, it is reasonable to ask about the health of parents and close relatives, lifespan in the family, and whether any respiratory or eye surgeries have been required. A breeder who is open and honest about health is a positive sign.

For owners, regular veterinary checkups are important. An annual health check, including weight monitoring, dental assessment, and listening to the heart and lungs, allows early detection of problems. In older dogs, blood tests and more frequent visits may be advised. Insurance can be very helpful, as some conditions, especially involving the eyes, spine, or airways, may require specialist treatment or surgery.

With careful breeding, sensible weight management, appropriate exercise, and thoughtful care, many Pekingese enjoy a comfortable and happy life for many years. Understanding the specific health needs of the breed helps you make good decisions and provide the best possible environment for your little companion.

History & Origins

The Pekingese is one of the classic ancient toy breeds, with roots that reach far back into the history of imperial China. For centuries, these little lion dogs lived exclusively behind the walls of palaces and temples in Beijing, then called Peking, which gave the breed its name. They were treasured by the imperial family and court, and common people were not allowed to own or even touch them. Many legends surround their origin. One famous story tells of a lion who fell in love with a marmoset and begged the Buddha to make him small so he could be with her. The resulting offspring was said to be the Pekingese, with a lion’s heart in a monkey‑sized body.

While legends are romantic, there is also historical evidence that small temple and palace dogs existed in China for a very long time. Artworks, sculptures, and writings from different dynasties depict small, flat‑faced, richly coated dogs that closely resemble today’s breed. These dogs were bred as companions, but they also held symbolic meaning. Their lion‑like appearance linked them to Buddhist and imperial symbolism of strength, protection, and nobility. Court eunuchs and attendants were often responsible for their care, and breeding choices were closely controlled, which helped fix the breed’s distinctive shape and personality.

The modern history of the Pekingese outside China began in the nineteenth century. During the Second Opium War in 1860, British forces entered the imperial summer palace near Beijing. According to accounts from that time, five small palace dogs were found and taken back to England as spoils. One of these was presented to Queen Victoria and named Looty. These early imports caused great interest among dog lovers, and careful breeding in Britain and later in Europe helped establish the Pekingese as a recognized breed.

Over the following decades, more dogs were imported from China, and breeders developed lines that emphasized the lion‑like mane, the broad head, and the compact, sturdy body. The Pekingese soon gained popularity among aristocracy and later among the wider public as an exotic and charming companion. The breed spread to the United States and many other countries, where kennel clubs gradually formalized breed standards.

Today, the Pekingese remains primarily a companion dog and show dog. In the conformation ring, they are judged on their unique outline, movement, and coat, as well as their characteristic proud attitude. Many breeders still value the traditional image of a small lion dog that carries itself with calm dignity. At the same time, there is increasing attention to health and soundness, particularly regarding breathing and eyes, to secure a better future for the breed.

Outside of shows, most Pekingese simply enjoy life as beloved family pets, bringing a touch of old imperial charm to modern homes. Their long journey from hidden palace courtyards to sofas and apartments around the world has not changed their essential nature. They remain thoughtful, self‑assured little dogs who seem fully aware that their ancestors once shared the laps of emperors.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Pekingese can be a deeply rewarding experience, provided you understand what daily life with this special toy breed involves. They are not high energy, but they do require time and attention, especially in grooming and health monitoring. Before bringing one home, it is wise to look realistically at your lifestyle and expectations.

The grooming commitment is one of the biggest factors. Even a pet Pekingese who is not kept in full show coat needs regular brushing, checking of the feathering, and cleaning around the face and eyes. You should be ready to spend at least several short sessions each week with a brush and comb. Many owners find that making grooming a quiet, pleasant routine, perhaps while watching television, turns it into bonding time rather than a chore. If you prefer a very low maintenance coat, you might consider a professional groomer who can keep the coat trimmed shorter while still preserving the breed’s characteristic look.

Exercise needs are moderate compared to many other breeds, which suits people who live in apartments or do not enjoy long hikes. A Pekingese can adapt well to city life as long as it receives short daily walks and some indoor play. Stairs can be challenging for some individuals, especially as they age or if they have back issues, so lifts, ramps, or carrying may be necessary. Because of their breathing structure, you should always plan walks around the weather and avoid hot midday sun.

In terms of costs, owning a Pekingese includes the usual expenses for any dog, such as food, vaccinations, parasite prevention, and veterinary care. On top of this, there may be higher grooming costs if you use a professional, and potential medical expenses related to eyes, teeth, or breathing. Pet insurance is worth serious consideration, as it can help manage unexpected bills. Budget for:

• Quality food suitable for small breeds
• Regular grooming tools or professional grooming sessions
• Routine and emergency veterinary care
• Harnesses, leads, bedding, and toys

Useful equipment for a Pekingese often includes a comfortable harness designed for small dogs, which avoids pressure on the throat, and a sturdy but lightweight lead. A soft bed with good support helps protect the joints and spine. Non‑slip rugs or mats on smooth floors can make movement easier and reduce the risk of falls. Some owners also invest in a pet stroller or carrier to allow the dog to accompany them on longer outings without overexertion.

New owners should be prepared for a dog that may not instantly obey or adapt. Pekingese have a strong sense of self and may test boundaries. Clear but gentle rules, consistent routines, and plenty of positive reinforcement help prevent small dog behavior problems, such as excessive barking, guarding, or stubborn refusal to cooperate. Social contact is important, but the breed does not usually need busy dog parks. Calm meetings with well mannered dogs and regular interaction with friendly people are often enough.

If you often work long hours outside the home and the dog would be alone for most of the day, the Pekingese may not be ideal. They form close bonds and can become unhappy if left alone for very long periods on a regular basis. Families where someone is at home part of the day, or people who can take their dog to work, often provide the most suitable environment.

For the right person or family, the Pekingese offers a combination of quiet companionship, characterful presence, and a touch of luxurious charm. They suit owners who enjoy grooming, appreciate a dog with independence, and are willing to take sensible steps to protect their health. With love, respect, and thoughtful care, a Pekingese can become a loyal and enchanting member of the household for many years.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of temperament does a Pekingese typically have?

They are usually loyal, dignified, and somewhat independent, often bonding very closely with one or two people. Many are affectionate lap dogs but can be reserved or aloof with strangers and may show a stubborn streak, so patient, respectful handling is important.

Are Pekingese good apartment dogs and how active are they indoors?

They adapt very well to apartment living because they are small and generally have modest exercise needs. Short daily walks and some indoor play are usually enough, but they should not be overexerted, especially in warm weather due to their flat faces and heavy coats.

What special grooming does a long-haired Pekingese coat require?

The long double coat needs thorough brushing several times a week to prevent mats, especially behind the ears, under the legs, and around the hindquarters. Regular trimming of the feet and sanitary areas, plus routine eye and face cleaning, helps keep them comfortable and reduces the risk of skin and eye irritation.

What health problems are common in Pekingese dogs?

They are prone to brachycephalic airway issues, eye injuries and ulcers, early-onset arthritis, and back or neck problems due to their body structure. Patellar luxation, dental disease, and skin fold infections are also seen regularly, so ongoing veterinary care and weight control are important.

How sensitive are Pekingese to heat because of their flat faces?

Their short muzzle and dense coat make it harder for them to cool themselves efficiently, which raises the risk of heat stress and breathing difficulty. They should be kept in a cool environment, exercised during the cooler parts of the day, and never left in hot or poorly ventilated spaces.

Are Pekingese suitable for families with children?

They can live with calm, respectful children, but they generally do not enjoy rough handling or noisy, chaotic environments. Because of their small size, fragile backs, and tendency to guard their personal space, close supervision and careful teaching of children are essential.

Do Pekingese get along with other pets?

Many coexist peacefully with other dogs and even cats if they are introduced carefully and their space is respected. They can be somewhat proud and may not tolerate pushy or boisterous animals, so matching them with calm companions and managing introductions is important.

How difficult is it to train a Pekingese and are they stubborn?

They are intelligent but often independent and can lose interest quickly, which some owners interpret as stubbornness. Short, positive sessions with gentle consistency work best, and harsh methods or constant repetition typically cause them to shut down or resist.

How much exercise does a Pekingese really need each day?

They usually do well with two or three short walks and some light playtime, totaling around 30 to 45 minutes daily. The focus should be on gentle, controlled activity rather than intense running or jumping, which can strain their back and breathing.

What should new owners know about caring for a Pekingese’s eyes and face?

Their prominent eyes and facial folds need regular attention to prevent irritation and infection. Wiping the folds and under the eyes with a soft, damp cloth, checking for redness or squinting, and seeking veterinary care promptly for any changes can prevent more serious problems.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Pékingese Klubben Sverige (Sweden)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)