## Quick Facts

- Cheerful companion dog known for its cottony white coat and “smiling” expression  
- Typically 23 to 30 cm tall and weighing around 5 to 8 kg, making it a handy size for most homes  
- Low-shedding coat often suits allergy‑sensitive households, but needs regular grooming  
- Very people‑oriented and social, usually getting along well with children and other pets  
- Adaptable activity level, happy in both city apartments and houses, as long as it is included in family life  


## Appearance & Coat

The Bichon Frise is a small, sturdy companion dog that combines elegance with a surprisingly solid build. At first glance you notice the rounded outline, the dark, expressive eyes, and the powder puff coat that gives the breed such charm. Height at the shoulder is usually between 23 and 30 centimeters, with most adults weighing between 5 and 8 kilograms. They should never look fragile or spindly. A well bred Bichon has a short, strong back, a deep enough chest, and good bone, which all contribute to a balanced, athletic outline rather than a toy‑like delicateness.

The head is slightly rounded with a moderate stop, and the muzzle is not too long or too short. Dark, round eyes give a soft, alert, and friendly expression, which is a hallmark of the breed. The ears are covered with long hair and hang close to the cheeks. The tail is set high and carried gracefully over the back in a plume of soft curls. Viewed as a whole, the Bichon Frise should look happy, light on its feet, and always ready to engage with its people.

The coat is one of the main characteristics that makes the Bichon Frise so recognizable. It is double coated, with a soft, dense undercoat and a slightly coarser, curly outer coat. When properly groomed it forms a soft, springy texture that stands off the body and creates that well known round, plush look. The accepted color is pure white, although you may sometimes see very pale cream or apricot shadings on the ears or body in young dogs, which often fade as the dog matures.

Although the Bichon is often described as low shedding, the hair it does lose becomes trapped in the coat rather than falling on your floor. This makes regular grooming essential. At home, most owners need to brush and comb the coat at least three to four times per week to prevent tangles and mats, paying special attention to friction areas such as behind the ears, under the collar, around the armpits, and between the hind legs. Many families find that daily quick touch‑ups are easier than tackling big knots later.

Professional grooming is usually needed every four to eight weeks, depending on how short you prefer to keep the coat and how much time you can dedicate to maintenance. Regular visits to a groomer experienced with the Bichon Frise will help to keep the classic rounded head, neat body outline, and clean feet. It also gives the groomer a chance to check the skin for irritation, hot spots, or parasites hidden by the dense coat.

Basic coat care should also include cleaning the hair around the eyes to reduce staining, trimming the hair between the paw pads, and checking the ears weekly to keep them free from excess wax and hair. Many Bichon owners use dog‑safe eye wipes and a fine comb to keep the face tidy, especially since the white coat can show every little tear stain or food mark. With consistent care, the Bichon Frise’s coat remains a beautiful, soft cloud that invites cuddles and makes the breed visually unforgettable.  


## Temperament & Personality

The Bichon Frise is often described as a “happy little companion,” and that describes this breed rather well. It tends to be cheerful, lively, and full of curiosity about everything the family is doing. Most Bichons thrive on human company and want to be in the center of household life, not watching from the sidelines. If you are looking for a dog that will quietly stay in another room all day, this is probably not the right breed for you.

Around the home the Bichon Frise usually has two moods. There is the playful clown, racing around with toys, learning little tricks, and entertaining everyone with its antics. Then there is the cuddly lapdog that settles next to you on the sofa and is perfectly content just to be close. Many owners appreciate how adaptable the Bichon is. It can be lively and energetic when it is time to play, but once the excitement is over it can relax calmly indoors without constant demand for exercise.

With families, the Bichon Frise is generally affectionate and gentle. It often bonds strongly with all family members rather than just one person. Most Bichons enjoy the company of sensible children and love to join in games. Because of their small size, children should be taught to handle them carefully, avoid rough play, and never pick them up without supervision. For families who understand how to interact kindly with a small dog, the Bichon can be a delightful companion.

This breed typically gets along well with other friendly dogs and can live peacefully with cats, especially if introduced at a young age. The social nature of the Bichon Frise means that it enjoys canine playgroups, walks with dog friends, and visits from guests. Well socialized Bichons often greet visitors happily, without the reserve that some other breeds show, although individuals can vary in boldness.

There are also some challenges that prospective owners should consider. A strong attachment to people can lead to separation anxiety if the dog is left alone for long periods on a regular basis. A Bichon that is bored and lonely may bark excessively, chew furniture, or develop stress related behaviors. This breed suits households where someone is at home for a good part of the day, or where dog sitters or doggy day care are an option.

Some Bichon Frise can also be quite vocal when they hear noises in a hallway or see people walking past the window. While they are not typical guard dogs, they do like to announce things they consider interesting. Early training to respond to a “quiet” cue and providing enough mental stimulation can help keep barking under control.

In general, the Bichon Frise’s personality is bright, social, and endearing. With proper socialization, consistent guidance, and plenty of inclusion in daily family life, the breed usually grows into a confident, affectionate dog that charms almost everyone it meets.  


## Training & Exercise

The Bichon Frise is both intelligent and eager to please, which makes training an enjoyable activity for most owners. It responds best to positive reinforcement methods that use rewards such as treats, toys, and praise. Harsh corrections or rough handling are not only unnecessary but can damage the dog’s trust and willingness to learn. A gentle, consistent approach suits the sensitive yet lively nature of this breed.

Basic obedience training should start early. Even though the Bichon Frise is small, it benefits from the same foundations as any larger breed. Focus on skills like:

- Coming when called, even when distracted  
- Walking nicely on a loose lead  
- Waiting patiently at doors and before crossing roads  
- Settling on a mat or bed when asked  

Short, varied training sessions tend to work best. Many Bichons enjoy the “game” of learning and can become bored if exercises are too repetitive. It can help to mix simple commands that your dog already knows with new challenges. This keeps confidence high and prevents frustration. Trick training is particularly enjoyable for the breed. Teaching spins, bows, high fives, or weaving through your legs provides mental stimulation and strengthens your bond.

House training can sometimes be a longer process with small breeds, and the Bichon Frise is no exception. Tiny bladders and excitable personalities mean owners need patience and consistency. Taking the puppy out frequently, especially after eating, playing, or waking, and rewarding toileting in the correct place is essential. Indoor puppy pads can be a help in apartments but should not replace outdoor training entirely.

In terms of exercise, the Bichon Frise is generally moderate. It is not as demanding as many working or herding breeds, but it is no decorative ornament either. Daily walks are important for physical health and mental enrichment. Most adults are happy with two reasonably brisk walks of 20 to 30 minutes each, along with playtime at home. Young adults may enjoy more activity, while older dogs might prefer shorter but more frequent outings.

Beyond simple walks, the Bichon Frise often enjoys:

- Fetch games in the garden or living room  
- Interactive toys and food puzzles  
- Low‑impact agility or fun obstacle courses  
- Nose work games, such as searching for treats hidden around the house  

Because of their size, Bichons do not need huge yards, so they adapt very well to city living. What matters more than space is variety and interaction. A walk that allows time to sniff new scents, meet people, and explore different surfaces can be more satisfying than a rushed, purely physical exercise.

Owners should also be mindful of weather. The white coat offers some protection, but small dogs can feel the cold more easily and may appreciate a light coat in winter. During hot weather you should avoid intense exercise at midday and always provide fresh water and shade.

When training and exercise are approached thoughtfully, the Bichon Frise becomes a well mannered, content companion that enjoys sharing activities without overwhelming its owners with excessive energy needs.  


## Health

In general, the Bichon Frise is considered a relatively robust small breed, but like all purebred dogs it has a set of health issues that responsible breeders and owners should be aware of. Understanding potential problems allows you to choose a healthy puppy and to support your dog throughout its life.

The average lifespan of a Bichon Frise is often around 12 to 15 years, with many individuals reaching a good age when properly cared for. To support longevity, it helps to keep your dog at a healthy weight, provide regular veterinary checkups, maintain good dental care, and choose a balanced diet appropriate for age and activity level.

Some of the health concerns seen in the breed include:

- Allergies and skin problems. The Bichon’s sensitive skin and dense coat can make it prone to itching, redness, and infections. Triggers might include environmental allergens such as pollen or dust, food ingredients, or flea bites. Regular grooming, good parasite control, and veterinary guidance on diet can reduce the risk.

- Eye conditions. Cataracts, tear staining, and other eye issues can occur. Tear staining creates reddish or brown marks under the eyes, which are mostly cosmetic but sometimes linked to irritation or blocked tear ducts. Regular eye cleaning and vet checks help keep the eyes healthy.

- Orthopedic problems. Some Bichon Frise can develop patellar luxation, where the kneecap slips out of place. This may cause lameness or an odd skipping gait. Responsible breeders usually have their breeding dogs checked for this condition. Maintaining a lean body weight and avoiding excessive jumping from heights can help protect the joints.

- Dental disease. Small breeds are often more prone to tartar build‑up and gum problems. Daily tooth brushing with a dog specific toothpaste or at least several times a week, combined with regular dental checks, goes a long way toward preventing painful dental disease later in life.

Reputable breeders may perform various health tests on their breeding stock, such as patella evaluations and eye examinations by qualified specialists. Some breeders also follow genetic screening programs for inherited issues that may appear in the wider Bichon Frise population. When speaking with breeders, do not hesitate to ask what tests they carry out and to see health certificates. A responsible breeder will welcome these questions.

Routine preventive care is equally important. Keep vaccinations and parasite prevention up to date, even for indoor dogs. Schedule yearly wellness visits with your veterinarian, and for senior Bichons, consider biannual checks that may include bloodwork to detect age related problems early. Monitoring any changes in appetite, thirst, weight, or behavior should become part of everyday life with your dog.

Nutrition also plays a role in health. Choose a high quality food formulated for small breeds, and avoid overfeeding with treats. Because the Bichon Frise can be quite persuasive at the table, it is easy for it to gain weight without noticing. Obesity increases the risk of joint strain, diabetes, and other conditions, and can significantly shorten lifespan.

With attentive care, early detection of health issues, and responsible breeding practices, many Bichon Frise live long, comfortable lives. Preparing for potential health needs is part of being a committed owner and allows you to enjoy many years with a happy, active companion.  


## History & Origins

The Bichon Frise belongs to a family of small white dogs that have accompanied people for centuries around the Mediterranean region. Its story is intertwined with that of other Bichon type breeds, such as the Maltese, Bolognese, and Havanese. These little dogs were often kept on trading ships and in ports, where they served partly as companions and partly as efficient ratters, helping to keep vermin under control.

Historical records suggest that ancestors of the Bichon Frise were especially associated with the Canary Islands, particularly the island of Tenerife. Sailors and traders are thought to have brought these dogs from the islands to mainland Europe. There they soon found favor among the nobility and wealthy families. In the courts of France, Spain, and Italy, these charming white dogs became popular as lapdogs and symbols of refinement and good taste.

During the Renaissance and later centuries, similar little white dogs frequently appeared in paintings and engravings, often sitting on the laps of elegant ladies or at the feet of kings. Their role as companions was already well established, and they were cherished more for their character and beauty than for any working ability. The ability of the Bichon type dogs to learn tricks and entertain also attracted street performers and circus trainers, who used them as clever show dogs in traveling acts.

Despite this glamorous and artistic history, the fortunes of the Bichon type dogs were not always secure. Political and social changes in Europe caused fashions to shift, and at various times the breed’s popularity declined. According to breed tradition, the little white dogs that would become the modern Bichon Frise survived partly thanks to ordinary people and performers who appreciated their merry temperament and usefulness as companions.

In the twentieth century, dedicated enthusiasts in France and Belgium worked to preserve and standardize the breed. The name “Bichon Frise,” loosely meaning “curly coated Bichon,” began to be used. Official recognition followed, and the breed standard was established to describe the appearance and character that breeders aimed to maintain. From these foundations, the Bichon Frise spread to other countries in Europe and later to North America and beyond.

Today the Bichon Frise is primarily a companion dog, prized for its friendly nature and attractive coat. It is also seen in various dog sports and activities, including obedience, agility, and rally, where its intelligence and enthusiasm can shine. The breed occasionally appears in therapy dog work as well, visiting hospitals, schools, and nursing homes to bring comfort and smiles.

Modern Bichon Frise dogs still reflect their long history as cheerful companions. Their sociable temperament, playful spirit, and strong bond with people have remained constant, even as their role shifted from royal lapdog to beloved family pet in homes all around the world.  


## Living with the Breed

Sharing your home with a Bichon Frise is a rewarding experience, but it also comes with specific responsibilities that new owners should understand. This is not a dog that thrives with minimal interaction or care. It is a true companion dog that wants to be involved in family life, and its grooming needs in particular require regular attention.

Time commitment is an important consideration. Alongside daily walks and play sessions, the Bichon’s coat demands consistent maintenance. Expect to spend time brushing and combing several days a week, if not daily, to keep tangles under control. Regular grooming appointments every four to eight weeks should be factored into both your schedule and your budget. For some owners, learning basic trimming skills at home can help reduce professional grooming costs, but many still rely on a groomer for the full, breed typical look.

Financially, you should plan for typical dog expenses such as high quality food, vaccinations, parasite prevention, pet insurance where available, and routine veterinary care. On top of these, Bichon Frise owners often have higher grooming costs than owners of short coated breeds. Toys, beds, leads, harnesses, and training classes also add to the yearly total. While costs vary by country and lifestyle, it is wise to calculate a realistic annual budget before bringing a Bichon home.

In terms of living space, the Bichon adapts well to apartments, townhouses, and larger homes. Access to a secure garden is nice but not required, as long as the dog receives sufficient outdoor walks and mental stimulation. What matters more than floor area is how much time the family spends with the dog. This breed does not enjoy long hours of solitude. Households where someone works from home, has flexible hours, or can arrange pet sitters or doggy day care often suit the Bichon Frise best.

A few pieces of useful equipment can make daily life easier:

- A comfortable, washable dog bed placed in a quiet corner where the dog can rest undisturbed  
- A secure harness and lightweight lead for walks, which are often kinder to a small dog’s neck than a collar alone  
- A set of grooming tools, including a slicker brush, metal comb, nail clippers or grinder, and dog safe shampoo  
- Interactive toys and food puzzles to provide mental stimulation on rainy days  

Socialization and routine are also part of living happily with a Bichon Frise. Early and positive exposure to different environments, people of all ages, and other dogs helps your Bichon grow into a confident adult. Establishing predictable daily routines for meals, walks, play, and quiet time gives the dog a sense of security. At the same time, gentle training to be calm when left alone for short periods is important to prevent separation issues.

For families with children, setting clear rules about how to handle and respect the dog is vital. Teaching children not to disturb the dog while it is sleeping or eating, and showing them how to play soft, supervised games, protects both child and dog. With this guidance, many Bichons become devoted playmates and affectionate companions for kids.

In everyday life, a well cared for Bichon Frise is a pleasure to have around. It often follows you from room to room, curious about your activities, and is quick to invite you to play or offer a cuddle. Its cheerful presence can lift the mood in the home, and its manageable size makes it easy to take along on travels, holidays, or visits to friends. For people willing to invest the necessary time, training, and grooming care, living with a Bichon Frise means sharing life with a bright, friendly, and loyal little dog that truly becomes part of the family.

Bichon Frise

The Kennel Club (UK)

Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)

Dansk Kennel Klub (Danish Kennel Club)

Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)

Deutscher Bichon Frisé Club e.V.

Small, sturdy companion dog (23–30 cm, 5–8 kg) with a cottony white, low‑shedding coat that needs frequent grooming. Cheerful, people‑oriented, and adaptable to city or house living, it enjoys play and cuddles, moderate daily exercise, and close inclusion in family life.

## Quick Facts

- Dutch breed developed by crossing a German Shepherd with a European wolf, creating a very natural, wolf-like companion.
- Extremely sensitive and reserved with strangers, yet deeply loyal and attached to “their” people.
- Not a beginner’s dog and generally unsuited to hectic city life or small apartments.
- Needs a lot of secure outdoor space, mental stimulation, and patient, positive training to thrive.
- Best with experienced owners who appreciate independent, primitive-type dogs and can commit to careful socialisation.

## Appearance & Coat

The Saarloos Wolfdog is a striking, athletic dog that immediately catches the eye with its clear wolf-like expression and natural elegance. At first glance you see a balanced, lightly built animal, never bulky or exaggerated. The body is slightly longer than it is tall, with a straight, strong back and a deep but not overly broad chest. Everything about the Saarloos Wolfdog suggests endurance, agility, and the ability to move over long distances without tiring.

Males are usually noticeably larger and more powerful than females. While exact height and weight can vary, you can expect a tall, medium to large sized dog. Females often appear a little more refined and feminine in head and body. The head itself is wedge-shaped, with a slightly domed skull, a gently defined stop, and a relatively long muzzle. The eyes are almond-shaped, slightly oblique, and often yellow or amber, which adds strongly to the wolf-like expression. Ears are medium-sized, triangular, and carried erect, set fairly high on the head but not overly large.

The Saarloos Wolfdog coat is double layered and weather resistant. The outer coat is straight, close lying, and fairly harsh to the touch. Underneath there is a thick, soft undercoat that adjusts to the climate. In winter, this undercoat becomes very dense to protect the dog from cold and damp, while in summer it becomes lighter and sparser. Around the neck, shoulders, and back of the thighs you can often see more abundant hair, creating a slight ruff and “pants.”

Common colours include:

- Wolf grey  
- Brown shaded sable  
- Cream or light, diluted shades of these colours  

White markings may appear but should not dominate. The colour is often shaded, with darker hairs overlaying lighter ones, which creates a natural, wild look similar to that of a wolf. The nose is strongly pigmented and matches the coat type, usually black or brown.

Coat care is fairly straightforward but requires routine. The Saarloos Wolfdog sheds heavily during seasonal coat changes, often twice a year. During these periods, daily brushing with a slicker brush or pin brush helps remove loose undercoat and keeps hair from covering your furniture. Outside shedding seasons, a thorough brushing once or twice a week is usually enough. Bathing should be rare and only when necessary because frequent shampooing can strip the natural oils that help waterproof the coat and protect the skin. Most owners find that a simple rinse with clean water after a muddy walk is usually enough.

Regular checks of ears, teeth, and nails are important. The erect ears allow good airflow but still need occasional inspection and gentle cleaning. Nails should be kept at a reasonable length to support sound movement, especially if the dog does not naturally wear them down on rough surfaces. Overall, maintenance is manageable for a large dog, but you must be prepared for periods of very heavy shedding.

## Temperament & Personality

Living with a Saarloos Wolfdog is very different from living with many typical companion breeds. This is a sensitive, intelligent, and independent dog that still carries strong traits from its wolf ancestry. The typical Saarloos Wolfdog is reserved, watchful, and cautious with strangers, but not naturally aggressive. Instead of confronting something that worries them, many will choose to keep their distance or retreat. This tendency to avoid conflict is an important part of the breed’s character and must be understood and respected.

With their own family, Saarloos Wolfdogs are often deeply attached, gentle, and sometimes surprisingly affectionate in their own quiet way. They may follow their person from room to room, lie at their feet, or rest where they can observe everyone. Many are very attuned to human emotions and react strongly to tension, raised voices, or chaotic environments. They tend to feel safest in calm, predictable households with clear routines.

Around children, a well-bred, well-socialised Saarloos Wolfdog can be kind and tolerant, but this is not a rough-and-tumble, endlessly patient “nanny” dog. They are usually better with older, respectful children who understand how to behave gently with animals. Fast, noisy play or sudden hugs can easily overwhelm them. Careful supervision is essential, and children must be taught to give the dog space when it chooses to walk away.

With other dogs, the breed often does well, particularly if raised with them from a young age. Saarloos Wolfdogs can enjoy the company of their own kind and other stable, polite dogs. They tend to be subtle communicators, using body language and avoidance rather than open conflict. However, mismatches can happen, especially with pushy or very dominant dogs that do not read their signals. Introducing them slowly and thoughtfully is important. With smaller pets, such as cats or rabbits, their natural prey drive can be an issue. Some individuals coexist peacefully with cats they grow up with, while others may always see small animals as something to chase. Prospective owners should think carefully if they have free roaming small pets.

Common challenges include:

- Shyness or strong reserve with unfamiliar people and environments  
- Tendency to flee or avoid rather than confront when scared  
- Strong independence, which can look like stubbornness in training  
- Sensitivity to punishment, harsh voices, and chaotic households  

A Saarloos Wolfdog is not the ideal choice for someone who wants a highly social, outgoing dog that loves every stranger. Nor is it a good fit for households that expect immediate obedience or constant cuddling. However, for people who appreciate a thoughtful, observant, almost wild-spirited companion, the Saarloos Wolfdog can be immensely rewarding. They need trust, time, and a sense of safety, and in return they form deep, lasting bonds.

## Training & Exercise

Training a Saarloos Wolfdog requires patience, consistency, and a particular mindset. This is not a dog that will blindly follow commands simply to please. Instead, they tend to think for themselves and often ask, “Why should I do this?” before responding. They are highly intelligent and learn quickly, but motivation must be handled carefully.

Positive reinforcement is vital. Food treats, gentle praise, and the opportunity to move or explore are all powerful rewards for this breed. Short, varied training sessions work far better than long, repetitive drills. Many owners find that strict, obedience-focused methods that rely on physical corrections or raised voices quickly damage trust. The Saarloos Wolfdog is very sensitive to tension and unfairness. Once trust is lost, it can be difficult to regain.

A good training approach includes:

- Early, thoughtful socialisation to people, places, surfaces, and sounds  
- Reward-based training methods using treats, toys, or access to interesting environments  
- Clear, simple cues and consistent routines  
- Plenty of time to observe and process new experiences rather than being pushed  

Socialisation must be handled especially carefully. For a Saarloos Wolfdog puppy, quality is more important than quantity. Overwhelming a young dog with crowded places or forcing interactions with strangers can backfire and increase insecurity. Instead, allow the puppy to watch from a safe distance, then choose to approach if it feels confident. Calm, dog-savvy visitors who ignore the puppy until it decides to say hello are often very helpful.

Exercise needs are significant. This breed was designed for stamina more than speed. Daily long walks and opportunities to trot steadily at your side will help keep them balanced and relaxed. A fit adult Saarloos Wolfdog will usually enjoy:

- One or two long walks or hikes every day  
- Time to explore natural areas on a long line or in a secure field  
- Scent-based games, tracking, or searching for hidden items  
- Activities that tap into their curiosity, such as puzzle feeders or scent trails  

Although energetic, they are not usually hyperactive in the home if properly exercised. They are often calm and content to rest after their physical and mental needs are met. However, without enough outlets, they may become restless, anxious, or destructive. Secure fencing is essential, as many Saarloos Wolfdogs are talented at finding weak points, squeezing through gaps, or climbing if they feel like escaping.

Some individuals enjoy structured activities like mantrailing, tracking, or canicross. Traditional precision obedience or protection sports are usually not a good match due to their independent nature and soft character. They respond far better to cooperative activities that allow them to use their senses and natural talents, rather than tasks requiring intense handler focus and high pressure.

In summary, training a Saarloos Wolfdog is about building a respectful partnership. If you approach them as a teammate rather than a servant, and if you provide enough physical exercise and mental stimulation, you will discover an exceptionally intelligent and responsive companion.

## Health

The Saarloos Wolfdog is generally a robust and hardy breed, but like all dogs it has some health concerns that responsible owners and breeders must take seriously. Because the breed was founded from a limited number of dogs, including a single wolf and a few German Shepherds, managing genetic diversity is an important ongoing task within the breeding community.

Orthopedic issues are among the primary concerns. Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia can occur, where the joints do not form correctly and may lead to pain, lameness, and arthritis over time. Ethical breeders test their breeding dogs using official hip and elbow scoring schemes and only breed from animals with satisfactory results. Prospective puppy buyers should always ask to see these scores for both parents and not rely only on verbal reassurance.

Eye health is another area to monitor. Hereditary eye disorders, including cataracts or retinal problems, may occur in some lines. Regular eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist are strongly recommended for breeding dogs. Some clubs and national breed organisations maintain health registers that list tested dogs and their results, which helps breeders make informed choices.

Degenerative myelopathy, a progressive neurological disease that affects the spinal cord, has been found in related breeds like the German Shepherd and is monitored in the Saarloos Wolfdog. There are DNA tests available that identify carriers. Responsible breeding programs use these tests to avoid producing affected puppies while still maintaining as much genetic diversity as possible.

Typical health tests recommended for Saarloos Wolfdogs include:

- Hip dysplasia evaluation  
- Elbow dysplasia evaluation  
- Eye examination by a certified specialist  
- DNA tests for known hereditary conditions where available  

Overall lifespan for the Saarloos Wolfdog often ranges from around 10 to 13 years, with some individuals living longer. As a relatively natural and athletic breed, many remain active well into their senior years if kept at a healthy weight and given appropriate exercise.

Preventive care plays a large role in their wellbeing. A balanced diet, regular veterinary check-ups, and parasite prevention all help protect long-term health. Because the Saarloos Wolfdog can be sensitive and easily stressed, choosing a vet who understands their cautious nature is valuable. Forced handling, noisy waiting rooms, and rushed examinations can increase anxiety, so using calm, low stress techniques is ideal.

Owners should monitor for subtle signs of discomfort, such as reluctance to jump, stiffness after rest, changes in gait, or decreased interest in activities. These may indicate joint issues or other health problems. Regular weight checks are important, since extra kilos place unnecessary strain on the joints and reduce overall quality of life.

Responsible breeding is crucial for this rare breed. Enthusiast breeders often work closely with breed clubs and health committees to plan matings that balance temperament, type, and health. When looking for a puppy, choose breeders who openly discuss health, provide documentation of tests, and explain how they select breeding pairs. This helps support the long term health and sustainability of the Saarloos Wolfdog population.

## History & Origins

The Saarloos Wolfdog was created in the Netherlands in the first half of the twentieth century by Leendert Saarloos, a Dutch dog breeder with a deep fascination for wolves and working dogs. Saarloos believed that modern dogs, particularly German Shepherds, had lost some of the natural, robust qualities he admired. He set out to “reinvigorate” them by carefully introducing wolf blood.

In 1932, he crossed a male German Shepherd Dog, known for its trainability and working ability, with a female European wolf from a zoo. From this foundation, he selected offspring that showed the character and health qualities he wanted, and continued breedings over many generations. His goal was not simply to create a wolf hybrid, but to develop a stable breed that combined the wolf’s natural instincts, strong health, and endurance with the reliability of a domestic dog.

Initially, these dogs were tried as guide dogs for the blind. Their intelligence and stamina were promising, but their cautious, independent nature and natural tendency to avoid busy urban situations made them less suitable for the demanding role of a guide dog. They were also tested for police and military work, but once again their reluctance to confront conflict and their sensitivity to pressure limited their usefulness in those fields.

Over time, it became clear that the Saarloos Wolfdog had a unique character that did not always fit conventional working roles. Instead, they found their place as companions for knowledgeable owners who appreciated a more primitive type of dog. The breed gained official recognition in the Netherlands and was later named after its founder as a tribute to his life’s work.

The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognised the Saarloos Wolfdog as a distinct breed and placed it in Group 1, alongside herding and shepherd dogs, although the Saarloos Wolfdog is not typically used today as a herding dog. In its homeland and several other European countries, breed clubs were established to protect both the physical and mental characteristics of these dogs and to ensure responsible breeding practices.

Modern Saarloos Wolfdogs are still rare outside continental Europe, though interest has slowly grown in other regions. They are mainly kept as companion animals by experienced owners who can meet their special needs. Some are involved in activities such as tracking, search games, or low key outdoor sports that highlight their stamina and keen senses. However, their role remains more that of a natural companion than a specialised working dog.

Throughout their development, breeders and clubs have focused strongly on maintaining the breed’s natural appearance, athletic build, and reserved but nonaggressive temperament. Careful selection and controlled breeding have moved the Saarloos Wolfdog far beyond its early experimental roots into a recognised and distinct breed with a defined standard and a passionate community of enthusiasts.

## Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Saarloos Wolfdog is a long term commitment that touches almost every aspect of daily living. This is not a dog that easily adapts to every environment or lifestyle. Before bringing one home, it is important to be honest about your time, space, and experience.

The ideal home for a Saarloos Wolfdog is quiet, stable, and offers plenty of secure outdoor space. A large, well fenced garden is a real advantage. Fencing needs to be sturdy and tall enough to discourage climbing or jumping, and the bottom should be secure so that digging under is difficult. Many Saarloos Wolfdogs are curious explorers, and without proper fencing they may decide to go on adventures on their own.

City life is challenging for this breed. Constant noise, crowds, and busy traffic can be stressful, especially for naturally cautious individuals. A rural or semi rural setting, or at least a very peaceful suburb with access to nature, suits them much better. Daily access to fields, forests, or quiet walking paths allows them to relax and behave more naturally.

Time commitment is another key factor. A Saarloos Wolfdog needs:

- Multiple daily walks, often adding up to several hours of movement and exploration  
- Regular mental stimulation such as scent work, training games, and problem solving toys  
- Patient socialisation, especially during the first two years  

They are not well suited to households where everyone is away for long working days and the dog is left alone for many hours. While they can learn to be alone for moderate periods, they are very attached to their family and may become stressed, vocal, or destructive if consistently left with little company or activity.

Financially, potential owners should be prepared for the normal costs of a large breed dog, including quality food, routine veterinary care, vaccinations, parasite prevention, and insurance where available. Because health testing and responsible breeding are so important for this rare breed, puppies from ethical breeders can be more expensive than some popular breeds. Additionally, you may face extra costs for secure fencing, high quality equipment, and possibly working with a trainer familiar with primitive or wolfdog type breeds.

Useful equipment typically includes:

- A strong, escape proof harness and secure collar  
- A long line for safe exploration in open areas  
- Durable leads and sometimes double leads for added control  
- Sturdy, comfortable bedding in a quiet, private space  
- Enrichment toys such as food puzzles, slow feeders, and scent games  

Crate training can be helpful, but it should be introduced gradually and gently so the dog sees the crate as a safe den rather than a place of punishment. Many Saarloos Wolfdogs appreciate having a quiet corner or room where they can retreat when the household becomes too busy.

Social expectations also matter. Visitors must understand that the dog may not want to be touched or approached immediately. Some Saarloos Wolfdogs will remain aloof with guests for their entire life. This is normal for the breed and should be respected rather than forced. Teaching friends and family to ignore the dog until it chooses to come closer often results in more relaxed interactions.

Living with a Saarloos Wolfdog is not always easy, but it can be deeply fulfilling. You will share your home with a thinking, feeling animal that often responds to the world in a very natural way. If you are patient, respectful, and committed to understanding their unique needs, the Saarloos Wolfdog can become a loyal, observant, and quietly devoted companion who brings a touch of the wild into everyday life.

Saarloos Wolfdog

Saarloos Wolfhond Club Nederland

The Saarloos Wolfdog is a Dutch, wolf-like breed created from German Shepherd and European wolf. Sensitive, cautious with strangers and deeply loyal, it needs space, calm homes, careful socialisation, positive training and plenty of exercise, suiting only experienced owners.

Bichon Frise vs Saarloos Wolfdog

Characteristics

Summary

Similar breeds