Chinese Crested Dog

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• The Chinese Crested Dog comes in two varieties: Hairless with silky furnishings and Powder Puff with a full soft coat, often born in the same litter.
• They are a true toy breed, light and fine boned, but surprisingly athletic and agile for their size.
• Known as affectionate “velcro dogs,” Chinese Cresteds love close contact and often choose one special person as their favorite.
• Their mostly bare skin needs regular protection from sun, cold, and dryness, so skincare is part of daily life with this breed.
• The Chinese Crested Dog is intelligent and sensitive, which makes them easy to train with kindness but prone to anxiety if poorly socialized.

Appearance & Coat

The Chinese Crested Dog is a small, elegant toy breed with a very distinctive outline. Even at first glance you can see that this is not a heavy or sturdy little dog, but rather a fine boned companion with a graceful, almost deer like build. The body is slightly longer than the height at the withers, giving a rectangular impression when viewed from the side. Legs are slender yet well formed, and the bone should feel dainty but not fragile. A well bred Chinese Crested looks balanced, light on the feet, and able to move freely and effortlessly.

The head is an important feature of the breed. It is smooth and slightly rounded with a clean muzzle that gently tapers, never snipy. The ears are large and set quite low, often standing erect, especially in hairless dogs. Their expressive eyes are almond shaped and can be dark or lighter depending on coat color, but they should always look bright and kind. The tail is long, carried low when relaxed and higher in motion, with a flowing plume of hair on both varieties.

What truly makes the Chinese Crested Dog stand out is the coat and skin. There are two main varieties:

• Hairless: This variety has smooth, warm skin that often feels like soft suede. They usually have a “crest” of hair on the head, which can extend from the stop to the neck, as well as feathering on the lower legs known as “socks” and a plumed tail. The amount of body hair can vary. Some hairless have a nearly bare body, while others show more scattered hair, but the ideal is a clear contrast between bare skin and silky furnishings.
• Powder Puff: This variety has a full double coat that is soft, straight, and of moderate length. The outer coat is veiling and fine, lying flat against the body, while the undercoat offers gentle volume without being woolly or curly.

Both varieties come in almost any color or combination. You may see solid black, white, cream, chocolate, blue, or parti colored dogs with patches and spots. Spotted or mottled skin on the hairless variety is very common and often becomes more visible as the dog matures. As puppies grow, their patterns can change, so a Chinese Crested puppy may look quite different by the time it reaches adulthood.

Coat and skin care are an important part of living with this breed. The Powder Puff requires regular grooming to keep the coat free from tangles and mats. Daily brushing with a soft slicker or pin brush is ideal, especially behind the ears, in the armpits, and around the tail where mats form easily. Occasional baths with a gentle, dog safe shampoo help keep the coat clean and silky. Many owners choose to trim the muzzle and feet for easier maintenance, though this is not strictly necessary if you are prepared to groom thoroughly.

The Hairless variety needs a different type of care. Because there is little to no protective coat, the skin must be protected from both sun and cold. A mild, fragrance free moisturizer can help prevent dryness, while dog safe sunblock is important on bright days. Clothing is not just a fashion choice for many hairless Chinese Cresteds. Light fabrics for summer walks and warm sweaters and coats in winter help prevent sunburn and chills. Regular gentle bathing is needed to avoid clogged pores and irritation. Using a mild exfoliating cloth once in a while can help keep the skin clear, but products made for humans are often too strong, so choose dog appropriate skincare whenever possible.

When the coat and skin are cared for properly, the Chinese Crested Dog is a very clean and low shedding companion. Hairless dogs drop very little hair in the house, and even Powder Puffs usually shed far less than many double coated breeds. For people who dislike constant vacuuming, this is a welcome bonus, although it does not necessarily make them suitable for all allergy sufferers.

Overall, the combination of elegant build, unique coat varieties, and expressive features gives the Chinese Crested an unmistakable and very charming appearance that many owners quickly fall in love with.

Temperament & Personality

Living with a Chinese Crested Dog is like adding a very attentive, often comical shadow to your household. This is a companion breed in the truest sense. They thrive on human contact and are often happiest when curled up on a lap or tucked under a blanket beside their favorite person. Many owners describe them as “velcro dogs” because they follow their people from room to room, wanting to be involved in whatever is happening.

The typical Chinese Crested is affectionate, gentle, and sensitive. They bond closely with their family and usually pick one person as their special favorite, although they can be loving with everyone they trust. With strangers they can be reserved or cautious at first, especially if not well socialized as puppies. They are rarely aggressive, but they may prefer to observe from a safe distance until they have decided that the new person is friendly. Early, positive experiences with a variety of people and environments help them grow into confident adults.

With children, Chinese Cresteds can be very devoted and playful, but they need to be handled with care because of their fine bones and small size. They are better suited to families with slightly older children who understand how to be gentle. Rough play, chasing games, or being picked up without support can easily scare or injure them. If you teach children to sit on the floor to interact with the dog and to respect the dog’s need for quiet time, the relationship can be warm and rewarding for both.

Around other pets, Chinese Cresteds are usually friendly and social, especially when raised with them from puppyhood. They often enjoy the company of other small dogs and can coexist peacefully with cats. Some may be a little timid with large and boisterous dogs, so introductions should be made calmly and supervised. They generally do not have a strong prey drive compared to many terrier or sighthound breeds, but individual dogs vary, and smaller pets like rodents or birds should always be kept safe.

Emotionally, this is a breed that feels things deeply. Many Chinese Cresteds are quite in tune with their owner’s mood and can become anxious if there is frequent shouting, tension, or chaotic household routines. Harsh training methods and punishment can easily damage their trust. On the other hand, if they are spoiled without boundaries, they can develop problem behaviors such as excessive barking, clinginess, or resource guarding of people or cozy resting spots.

Common temperament challenges in the breed include:

• Separation anxiety, as they often dislike being left alone for long periods
• Alert barking, especially in dogs that are nervous or live in busy apartment buildings
• Timidity with new people or environments if not well socialized
• Sensitivity to sudden noises or rough handling

Most of these issues can be prevented or greatly reduced with thoughtful socialization, positive reinforcement training, and a stable daily routine. Regular exposure to different sounds, surfaces, people, and locations during puppyhood helps create a more adaptable adult dog.

Despite their delicate appearance, Chinese Cresteds have a playful and often clownish side. They enjoy silly games, zooming around the living room, or hopping under blankets like little burrowing creatures. Their intelligence and eagerness to please also make them surprisingly capable in dog sports like agility or rally, provided the training is gentle and fun.

For many people, it is the combination of softness and liveliness that makes the Chinese Crested Dog so special. They are quiet cuddle companions when you want to relax, yet light hearted and amusing when it is time to play. For someone looking for an emotionally intuitive, highly devoted, and slightly quirky small dog, the Chinese Crested can be a wonderful match.

Training & Exercise

The Chinese Crested Dog may look delicate, but inside that slim body lives a bright and agile little mind. Training this breed can be a real pleasure if you use methods that respect their sensitivity. They respond best to positive reinforcement, where good behavior is rewarded with treats, praise, or play. Harsh corrections or loud reprimands tend to shut them down, making them confused or anxious rather than obedient.

Because they are clever and people focused, Chinese Cresteds usually learn basic commands quickly. Sit, down, come, and stay can all be taught in short, cheerful sessions of just a few minutes at a time. Many owners find clicker training particularly effective with this breed. The clear sound of the click followed by a treat helps the dog understand exactly which behavior earned the reward. This kind of clarity suits a sensitive dog that wants to get things “right” for their person.

Early training should focus on practical life skills and confidence building. House training is often straightforward if you keep to a routine and supervise well, although some individuals take a little longer, especially in cold or wet climates where they may dislike going outside. Using a coat or sweater in bad weather helps them feel more comfortable and less reluctant to eliminate outdoors.

Socialization is another key part of early training. Introduce your Chinese Crested puppy to a variety of safe experiences: calm dogs of different sizes, friendly people wearing hats or carrying umbrellas, car rides, gentle handling by the vet, and visits to different environments like quiet shopping streets or parks. Keep sessions short and pleasant, always pairing new experiences with treats and praise. This helps prevent adult shyness or nervousness.

Exercise needs for the Chinese Crested Dog are moderate but real. They are not high energy working dogs, yet they are far from lifeless lap ornaments. Daily activity helps maintain good muscle tone, mental balance, and a healthy weight. Most adults do well with:

• Two or three short to moderate walks per day, adapted to the weather and the dog’s age
• Time to explore and sniff in a safe area, which provides mental stimulation
• Short play sessions indoors or in a secure garden, such as fetch with a soft toy or gentle chase games

Many Chinese Cresteds enjoy a secure, fenced yard, but they are not outdoor dogs and should not be left outside for long periods, especially hairless individuals who are vulnerable to sun and cold. A few brisk walks and structured playtime are usually enough to meet their physical needs.

Mentally, this breed benefits from gentle challenges. Puzzle toys, snuffle mats, and basic scent games can keep their minds busy. Teaching tricks such as spinning, weaving between your legs, or jumping through a low hoop suits their agile bodies and eagerness to engage with their person. Some owners also enjoy participating in:

• Agility, with equipment adjusted for small dogs
• Rally obedience, which focuses on teamwork and is less formal than traditional obedience
• Dog dancing or heelwork to music, where their elegant movement and close bond with the handler shine

One thing to remember is that the Chinese Crested Dog can be sensitive to the mood and body language of the trainer. If you are frustrated or impatient, your dog may become hesitant or worried. Keeping sessions light, ending on a success, and laughing off small mistakes usually leads to faster progress and a happier, more confident dog.

Because of their affectionate nature, Chinese Cresteds may also have a tendency to cling and follow constantly, which some owners find delightful at first but less practical later. Training for independence is just as important as teaching sit and stay. Practice short periods where the dog relaxes in a crate or on a bed while you move from room to room. Reward calm, independent behavior so that being alone for a while feels safe rather than scary.

All in all, training and exercise with a Chinese Crested Dog should feel like a continuous conversation rather than a strict drill. When approached with patience and kindness, this breed is more than capable of learning good manners and enjoying a fulfilling, active life alongside its people.

Health

The Chinese Crested Dog is generally a fairly healthy breed, but like all purebred dogs, it has some health considerations that responsible owners and breeders should be aware of. Understanding these issues helps you make informed decisions about breeders, vet care, and daily management, so your dog has the best possible chance of a long and comfortable life.

One of the better known concerns in the breed is dental health, particularly in the hairless variety. The gene responsible for hairlessness is linked to dental anomalies, which can lead to missing or misaligned teeth and early dental disease. Many hairless Chinese Cresteds have fewer teeth than normal, or their teeth may be more prone to plaque buildup and gum problems. Powder Puffs usually have more typical dentition but can still develop dental issues if oral care is neglected.

Good dental hygiene is therefore essential. Regular brushing with a dog safe toothpaste, combined with professional cleanings when needed, goes a long way toward keeping the mouth healthy. Chewing on appropriate dental chews or safe raw bones, if recommended by your vet, can also help maintain cleaner teeth, though these should never replace brushing.

Skin health is another key area, especially for hairless dogs. Their exposed skin can be prone to dryness, irritation, and sunburn. Some individuals may develop blackheads or acne like spots if the pores become clogged. To minimize problems, use gentle, fragrance free grooming products and avoid over bathing, which strips natural oils. Sun protection is crucial. During strong sunlight, limit exposure and use clothing or dog safe sunscreen on vulnerable areas. In colder climates, hairless Chinese Cresteds need warm, dry clothing to protect them from chills and keep circulation healthy.

Orthopedic issues can occur in the breed, as in many small dogs. These may include:

• Patellar luxation, where the kneecap slips out of place
• Legg Calvé Perthes disease, a condition affecting the hip joint in young dogs

Responsible breeders often screen for these conditions. If you are choosing a puppy, ask about orthopedic health tests on the parents and any history of lameness in the line. Keeping your dog slim and fit greatly reduces stress on the joints and helps prevent or lessen many mobility problems.

Eye health is also important. Conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy and other inherited eye diseases have been reported. Ethical breeders may have their breeding dogs examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist to check for inherited issues. As an owner, watch for signs like cloudiness, bumping into objects, or reluctance to go out in dim light, and have your dog’s eyes checked regularly during routine vet visits.

Other concerns that can appear in the breed include allergies and certain autoimmune or endocrine disorders, although these are not universal. A good relationship with your veterinarian and regular checkups are the best safeguard. Routine vet visits once or twice a year, combined with vaccinations, parasite control, and basic blood work for middle aged and older dogs, help detect many problems early.

When selecting a breeder, it is wise to ask which health tests they perform. Depending on local recommendations, these may include:

• Patellar luxation evaluation
• Eye examinations by a certified veterinary ophthalmologist
• Sometimes additional tests such as DNA screening for known conditions in the line

A reputable breeder will be transparent about health issues in the breed and in their own lines, and will be happy to discuss how they select breeding dogs to minimize risk.

The typical lifespan of a Chinese Crested Dog is often around 13 to 16 years, and sometimes longer with good care. Their small size and generally moderate build support longevity, provided they are not allowed to become overweight. Balanced nutrition, suitable exercise, and careful dental and skin care all help your dog stay healthy into senior years.

As they age, many Chinese Cresteds remain lively and affectionate, although dental loss, arthritis, or declining vision can appear. Adapting your home, such as using ramps instead of stairs or adding non slip rugs, helps older dogs move around securely. Soft bedding is especially important for lighter framed dogs that have less natural padding on their joints.

While no breed is entirely free of health problems, informed breeding, regular veterinary care, and responsible daily management mean that most Chinese Crested Dogs can enjoy a long, active, and comfortable life as cherished companions.

History & Origins

The origins of the Chinese Crested Dog are somewhat mysterious and surrounded by stories. Despite the name, the breed’s history is not limited to China alone. Small hairless dogs have appeared in different parts of the world over many centuries, including regions in Africa and Central or South America. What seems likely is that the ancestors of the modern Chinese Crested were hairless dogs that adapted to warmer climates, where a lack of heavy coat was an advantage.

One common theory is that Chinese trading ships carried small hairless dogs as companions and as skilled ratters, helping to control vermin on board. These dogs may have traveled along trade routes and appeared in ports throughout Asia and beyond. Over time, they became associated with China, where small, unusual dogs were often treasured by nobility and wealthy families. Whether every detail of this story is historically precise is hard to prove, but it illustrates how mobile and widespread the early hairless dogs may have been.

Art and written descriptions from earlier centuries sometimes mention small, nearly hairless dogs with tufts of hair on the head, feet, and tail, very similar to what we now call the Chinese Crested Dog. Gradually, people began to refine these dogs for companionship rather than work. Their delicate, elegant look and close bonding nature made them ideal as lap dogs and household pets.

In the modern era, much of the development of the Chinese Crested as we know it took place in Europe and North America. Dedicated breeders in the 19th and 20th centuries worked to stabilize type, selecting for the characteristic crest of hair, the fine boned structure, and the friendly temperament. They also recognized and preserved the Powder Puff variety, which carries the same genes as the hairless dogs but expresses them in a full, soft coat. Both varieties are considered part of one breed, and they often appear side by side in the same litter.

Kennel clubs began to recognize the Chinese Crested Dog as a distinct breed as interest grew. Over the years, breed standards were written to describe the ideal dog, including its size, structure, skin, and coat. These standards guide responsible breeders and show judges today. While exact details differ slightly between countries, the general picture of the breed remains consistent worldwide: a small, graceful, mostly hairless dog with a silky crest and an alert, affectionate expression.

Today, the Chinese Crested Dog is primarily kept as a companion and show dog. Their unique appearance attracts attention in the show ring, where both Hairless and Powder Puff varieties are displayed. Beyond conformation shows, many owners also enjoy training their Chinese Cresteds for obedience, rally, or agility. Their eagerness to connect with humans makes them suitable for activities where partnership and communication matter more than brute strength.

In everyday life, the breed is prized as a house companion rather than a working dog. Their size, low shedding nature, and affectionate behavior suit many modern households, including apartments and city living, as long as their social and physical needs are met. In some places, you may also find Chinese Cresteds working as therapy dogs, visiting hospitals, care homes, or schools to provide comfort and companionship. Their gentle nature and expressive faces can be very soothing for people in difficult situations.

From mysterious origins on distant trade routes to cherished members of families around the globe, the Chinese Crested Dog has traveled a long way. Its history is a mix of practical value as a little shipboard ratter and ornamental charm as a favored lap dog. That combination of working intelligence and close companionship remains evident today in the breed’s alert, loving character and its deep attachment to its people.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Chinese Crested Dog is both deeply rewarding and a genuine commitment. This is not a breed that thrives on being ignored in a corner. They want to be with you, to watch what you are doing, and to participate in family life. Understanding what daily living looks like with this breed will help you decide whether a Chinese Crested fits your home and lifestyle.

First, consider their need for closeness. Chinese Cresteds often prefer to sleep in your bed, under the covers, or at least in a crate or dog bed very near you. Many will try to sit on your lap whenever you sit down, and they can become worried if left alone for long stretches. If you work very long hours away from home or often travel without your dog, this breed may struggle. On the other hand, if you work from home, are retired, or can bring your dog to work, a Chinese Crested may be a perfect little companion.

Climate and environment play a big role in daily life with this breed, especially with hairless individuals. You will likely build a small wardrobe of practical dog clothing:

• Light shirts to protect from mild sun and insect bites
• Warm sweaters and coats for chilly or wet weather
• Possibly boots for very cold, icy conditions

In hotter climates, air conditioning and shade are important. In colder regions, many owners also keep heated beds or soft blankets in favorite resting spots. Powder Puffs are more tolerant of temperature changes but still appreciate comfort and should not be left outside for long periods.

Skin or coat care becomes part of your regular routine. You might schedule weekly baths, nail trimming, and brushing sessions, along with light moisturizing or sunscreen as needed. These grooming moments can also be bonding experiences if introduced gently. Having a soft grooming table or non slip mat in the bathroom helps keep the dog secure and comfortable while you work.

Financially, living with a Chinese Crested Dog involves normal dog ownership expenses such as quality food, vaccinations, parasite control, and vet checkups. In addition, you may have some extra costs related to:

• Professional grooming for Powder Puffs, if you prefer not to groom at home
• Skincare products suitable for hairless dogs
• Clothing for different seasons
• Occasional dental procedures, which can be more frequent than in some other breeds

Annual costs vary by country and lifestyle, but it is wise to budget for routine care plus a cushion for unexpected vet bills. Pet insurance can be a helpful safety net, particularly for covering dental and orthopedic issues.

In terms of home setup, Chinese Cresteds do well in apartments and houses alike. They do not need vast outdoor spaces but they do need safe areas to play and explore. Many owners use:

• Soft dog beds or cave style beds that allow the dog to burrow
• Ramps or steps to help them reach sofas or beds without jumping from heights that could stress their joints
• Baby gates to limit access to stairs or hazardous areas

Because they are light and agile, they can squeeze through surprisingly small gaps, so secure fencing is important in any garden.

Behaviorally, it is wise to plan for daily routines that include:

• Morning and evening walks adjusted to the weather
• Short training or trick sessions to stimulate the mind
• Quiet cuddle time, which is almost mandatory for this affectionate breed

If you enjoy traveling, many Chinese Cresteds adapt well to life on the road as long as they stay close to their trusted humans. They tend to like hotel rooms or visiting relatives because these environments usually involve soft beds and extra attention. A sturdy travel crate or carrier, comfortable harness, and familiar blankets make journeys safer and less stressful.

Families with children or other pets should take the time to establish rules from the beginning. Teach children to respect the dog’s space, not to yank on sparse hair, and not to pick up the dog without adult supervision. With other pets, especially larger dogs, supervise play and allow your Chinese Crested to have high resting places or safe zones where they can retreat if overwhelmed.

Emotionally, living with a Chinese Crested Dog requires empathy and consistency. These dogs do best in calm, loving homes where routine and kindness are the norm. They are not usually suited to very chaotic households or environments where rough treatment or loud conflict are common. When they feel secure, they offer incredible loyalty, warmth, and companionship that many owners describe as uniquely intense compared to other breeds they have had.

In everyday life, you can expect a Chinese Crested to add humor, closeness, and a touch of gentle eccentricity to your home. They will probably steal your favorite blanket, charm your visitors, and follow you into every room. For people who want a small dog that is deeply involved in their life, and who are ready to care for special coat or skin needs, the Chinese Crested Dog can be a delightful and unforgettable family member.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Chinese Crested dogs really hairless, and what is the difference between Hairless and Powderpuff?

The Hairless variety has smooth, largely bare skin with tufts of longer hair on the head, tail, and feet, while the Powderpuff has a full, soft double coat. Both varieties can be born in the same litter and share the same temperament and size. Care needs differ, with Hairless dogs needing more skin protection and Powderpuffs needing regular coat maintenance.

What kind of skin care does a hairless Chinese Crested need?

Hairless dogs are prone to dryness, sunburn, and clogged pores, so their skin needs gentle cleansing and moisturizing. Many owners use a mild, dog-safe cleanser a few times a week and a light, non-greasy moisturizer. Sunblock formulated for pets is important outdoors, and harsh human skin products should be avoided.

Do Chinese Crested dogs get cold easily and how should I protect them?

The Hairless variety is particularly sensitive to cold, wind, and sudden temperature changes due to its exposed skin. They usually need sweaters or jackets in cool weather and should not be left outside for long in low temperatures. Indoors, a warm, draft-free resting spot helps keep them comfortable.

What is the typical temperament of a Chinese Crested with family members and strangers?

They are usually affectionate, people-oriented, and quite bonded to their primary caregivers, often described as clingy or Velcro-like. With strangers, they can be reserved or shy, especially if not well socialized early. Consistent positive experiences with new people and environments help them remain confident and stable.

How much exercise does a Chinese Crested actually need?

Despite their delicate look, they are lively, athletic little dogs that enjoy daily walks and active play. Around 30 to 45 minutes of combined walking and play each day is usually enough for most adults. Mental stimulation through training and puzzle toys is also important, as they can be surprisingly clever and easily bored.

Are Chinese Crested dogs good for people with allergies?

Many people with mild dog allergies find the Hairless variety easier to live with because it sheds very little hair. However, no dog is truly hypoallergenic and they still produce dander and saliva proteins that can trigger reactions. Spending time with the breed before committing is the best way to assess your personal tolerance.

What health problems are most common in Chinese Crested dogs?

They are known for dental issues such as missing or poorly formed teeth, particularly in Hairless dogs, and often need early and regular dental care. Eye diseases, luxating patella, and certain skin problems can also occur. Responsible breeders screen for hereditary issues and discuss potential long-term care needs with buyers.

Why do some Chinese Crested puppies have bad teeth or lose them early?

The gene associated with the Hairless coat is linked to abnormal tooth development, leading to missing, small, or weak teeth. This can result in early tooth loss and a greater need for professional dental care. Regular brushing, appropriate chews, and veterinary dental checks are especially important for this breed.

How much grooming does a Powderpuff Chinese Crested require compared to a Hairless one?

Powderpuffs have a fine, soft, double coat that mats easily and typically need thorough brushing several times a week and periodic trimming. Hairless dogs do not need coat brushing but require ongoing skin care, nail trimming, and careful management of body hair that may grow in patches. In practice, both varieties can be high maintenance, just in different ways.

Is a Chinese Crested a good choice for apartment living and first-time dog owners?

Their small size, moderate exercise needs, and relatively quiet nature can work very well in an apartment, provided they get daily walks and companionship. They thrive with owners who are home often, as they do not like long periods of isolation. First-time owners can do well with this breed if they are prepared for the grooming or skin care demands and commit to early socialization.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Norwegian Kennel Club
• Dansk Kennel Klub (Danish Kennel Club)