Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is the smallest of the retriever breeds, built for agility, speed, and lively work in the field.
• Bred to lure and retrieve waterfowl, Tollers have a rare hunting style where their playful movement near the shore attracts curious ducks.
• Their bright red coat with white markings is highly distinctive and often makes them look like energetic foxes at a distance.
• Tollers are extremely intelligent and sensitive, which makes them rewarding to train but also emotionally demanding companions.
• This breed thrives on both mental and physical activity and is often seen excelling in dog sports such as agility, obedience, rally, canicross, and tracking.

Appearance & Coat

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a medium sized, athletic dog with a compact, powerful build. At first glance many people mistake a Toller for a small Golden Retriever or even a foxlike mixed breed, but the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever has its own very specific look. Males typically stand around 48 to 51 centimeters at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller, usually 45 to 48 centimeters. Weight often ranges from 17 to 23 kilograms depending on sex, bone structure, and fitness. The overall impression should be of a dog that can work all day in challenging weather without looking heavy or clumsy.

The body is slightly longer than tall, with a deep chest that reaches to about the elbows and a firm, level back. The neck is strong without being thick and supports a wedge shaped head that is clean and balanced. The muzzle is slightly tapered with a strong jaw, since a Toller must be able to carry game gently but securely. The eyes are one of the most expressive features of the breed. They are almond shaped, medium sized, often in shades of amber or brown, with a friendly, intelligent, and slightly intense expression. Ears are triangular, set high and well back, falling forward close to the cheeks, and help frame the face in a charming way.

The coat is one of the most striking aspects of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. It is a medium length, water repellent double coat with a soft, dense undercoat and a somewhat harder outer coat. This structure helps protect the dog from cold water, wind, and rough vegetation. The fur may be slightly wavy on the back but should not be curly. You will see feathering on the back of the legs, under the tail, and to some degree on the chest. The tail itself is full and well feathered, carried high and waving when the dog is excited or working, which is part of its tolling behavior in front of waterfowl.

Color is usually a warm shade of red or orange red. This can range from a lighter golden red to a deeper copper, but it should always look rich and alive. Many Tollers have distinctive white markings. Typical areas include the tip of the tail, feet, chest, and sometimes a blaze on the face. Some dogs have more white and others very little, but these markings, combined with the foxlike red coat, give the breed a charming and unique look in the field and at home.

Coat care for a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is not especially complicated, but it does require regular attention. The double coat sheds moderately throughout the year and more heavily during seasonal coat changes. A good routine often includes brushing at least two or three times per week with a slicker brush or pin brush to remove loose hair and prevent tangles in the feathering. During heavy shedding periods you may want to brush daily and add a comb or undercoat rake, used gently, to help pull out dead undercoat. Always be careful not to over strip the coat, as the undercoat is essential for insulation and weather protection.

Bathing should be done when the dog is truly dirty or has a noticeable odor, not on a strict schedule. The natural oils in the coat help with water resistance, so frequent harsh bathing can strip these and leave the coat dry. Many owners find that rinsing off mud with plain water and allowing the coat to dry before brushing is enough. Pay special attention to the feathering at the back of the ears, behind the front legs, and along the trousers, as these areas tend to mat. Trimming is usually minimal. Neatening the feet, tidying around the ears and tail, and removing stray hairs between paw pads is typically sufficient for a well groomed, functional look.

Regular checks of ears, teeth, and nails should be part of coat care. Tollers love water, and moisture can sometimes contribute to ear problems if not managed. After swimming, gently dry the outer ear and check for redness or bad odor. Keep nails trimmed to a comfortable length, as overly long nails can affect movement and posture. With consistent coat care and a bit of patience, a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever will keep that healthy, glossy, ready for adventure appearance that so many people admire.

Temperament & Personality

Living with a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a little like sharing your home with a very bright, very athletic, slightly mischievous friend. This is a breed that was created to think, move, and solve problems in partnership with people, and that heritage shows in daily life. Tollers are known for their intelligence, responsiveness, and emotional sensitivity. They quickly learn routines, pick up on small changes in your voice or body language, and often seem to anticipate what you are about to do next.

With their family, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers are affectionate and devoted, but not usually clingy in a heavy way. Many Tollers follow their people from room to room, always ready to join in an activity, but they are also capable of settling down quietly once their needs are met. Their closeness to their humans often includes a very specific kind of vocalization when they are excited. Many Tollers have a distinctive, high pitched scream or yodel that can surprise new owners. It often appears when the dog is about to retrieve, about to start an activity, or is full of frustrated excitement. This is a normal trait of the breed, although lines and individuals vary in how much they use this voice.

Around children, a well bred and well socialized Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever can be a delightful companion. They tend to be playful, interested, and tolerant, especially if they have grown up with respectful kids. However, this is not an endlessly patient nanny type breed. Tollers have energy and can become overstimulated if games are too rough or chaotic. Children should be taught how to interact gently, avoid pulling ears or tail, and understand that the dog needs quiet time as well. In most cases the breed does best in families where children are old enough to follow basic rules and enjoy structured play such as fetch, scent games, or obedience tricks.

With strangers, Tollers are often reserved at first rather than instantly friendly. They are not usually shy or fearful when correctly socialized, but they may watch quietly before deciding to engage. This natural reserve can be an advantage for owners who prefer a dog that is polite and discriminating rather than overly enthusiastic with every new person. Early exposure to different environments, people, and experiences is important so that this cautious nature does not turn into nervousness. Many Tollers warm up quickly once they feel safe, often offering toys or nudging for interaction.

Regarding other dogs and pets, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers generally get along well when raised with appropriate socialization. Many Tollers enjoy having a canine playmate, especially one who likes the same kind of running and chasing games. However, their high energy and intense play style can be too much for very delicate or timid dogs. With cats and small animals, success often depends on individual prey drive and early training. Since this is a hunting breed, some Tollers may see small fast moving animals as something to chase. Careful introductions, supervision, and teaching reliable impulse control can allow peaceful coexistence, particularly if the Toller grows up with the other pet from puppyhood.

One common challenge with the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is their emotional sensitivity. These dogs respond strongly to the tone of voice and the atmosphere in the home. Harsh corrections or unpredictable, loud behavior from people can easily undermine their confidence or create stress. On the other hand, clear guidance, consistent rules, and kind but firm boundaries usually create a dog that is eager to follow your lead. Because they are clever and often quite focused on their owners, boredom and lack of mental stimulation can lead to problem behaviors such as destructive chewing, obsessive barking, or escape attempts.

Another point to consider is that Tollers are active, high drive working dogs in a medium sized package. Their size might suggest an easy family pet, but their mind and energy level belong to a serious sport and hunting breed. They are happiest in homes where they get regular opportunities to use their brain and body, not just an occasional walk. When their needs are met they can be calm, sweet companions who curl up peacefully after a day of activity. When their needs are ignored they can become restless, noisy, and frustrating. For people who enjoy an interactive dog that truly participates in daily life, the personality of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is often a perfect match.

Training & Exercise

Training a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is both a joy and a responsibility. This is a dog that thrives on learning and cooperation, but that sharp mind also notices every inconsistency. Tollers are highly trainable and many excel in obedience, rally, scent work, and various performance sports. Their background as working retrievers means they naturally enjoy fetching, searching, and following cues from their handler. They usually respond best to training methods based on positive reinforcement, clear communication, and structured challenges.

When training a Toller, it helps to think in terms of partnership rather than command and control. These dogs like to understand what you want and why it benefits them. Short, focused training sessions often work better than long repetitive drills. For example, ten minutes of well planned clicker training, with plenty of rewards and variety, can produce more progress than half an hour of repeating the same sit or stay. Tollers are quick to detect patterns, so they can become bored if exercises never change. Mixing obedience with tricks, nose work, or little games keeps their mind engaged.

Positive training is not the same as permissive. Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers are clever enough to test boundaries if they sense that rules are negotiable. You will need to be consistent about things such as jumping up, pulling on the lead, or demanding attention at inappropriate times. Calm, firm redirection and reinforcing desirable alternatives, such as sitting politely for greetings, will help create good habits. Harsh punishment can backfire with this sensitive breed and may lead to stress, confusion, or shut down behavior. Fair, predictable guidance helps them feel secure and willing to cooperate.

Exercise needs for a Toller are significant. This is not a breed that will be satisfied with a brief walk around the block twice a day. While individual dogs vary, many adults need at least one to two hours of purposeful activity each day, which should include both physical and mental components. A typical day might involve:

• A brisk morning walk or jog of 30 to 45 minutes
• Short training sessions scattered throughout the day
• Off leash play or retrieval in a safe area
• Evening brain work such as puzzle toys, scent games, or structured toy searches

Retrieving is usually a favorite. Tollers are natural retrievers, so many owners find that games of fetch, water retrieves, or field training are fantastic outlets. However, it is wise to manage intensity. Nonstop fast ball throwing can add physical stress to joints and can also create an overly fixated dog. Vary distance, use different terrains, and balance retrieving with calmer activities such as controlled heelwork, swimming, or free sniffing walks.

Dog sports are an excellent way to channel a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever’s energy. Activities that often suit them include:

• Agility, where their speed and athleticism shine
• Obedience and rally, which use their focus and biddability
• Scent work and tracking, tapping into natural hunting instincts
• Canicross or bikejoring for well conditioned adults
• Field work, hunt tests, or dummy training that mimic their original role

Puppies and young dogs should not be over exercised in a way that stresses growing joints. Instead of long runs on hard surfaces, choose several shorter, varied walks, gentle play with careful supervision, and plenty of mental enrichment such as shaping games and environmental exploration. Teaching impulse control from an early age is especially important in this breed. Cues like “wait,” “leave it,” and a solid recall can prevent accidents and keep an enthusiastic Toller safe around wildlife, cyclists, and busy roads.

Many owners find that a well exercised and mentally satisfied Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a calm, pleasant house companion. On the other hand, if energy needs are ignored, the dog may invent its own entertainment, such as digging, barking, or rearranging your belongings. Planning your life to include regular training, sport, or purposeful activity will make living with a Toller much more harmonious. For people who enjoy an active lifestyle and find joy in working together with their dog, the breed’s training potential is one of its greatest rewards.

Health

Overall, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a robust and hardy working breed, but like all purebred dogs it has some health issues that potential owners and breeders should be aware of. Understanding these concerns allows you to choose a responsible breeder, plan appropriate health screening, and give your dog the best chance of a long and comfortable life.

Orthopedic conditions are one of the primary areas to consider. Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia can occur in Tollers, as in many medium and large sporting breeds. These conditions involve abnormal development of the joints and can lead to pain, lameness, and arthritis. Responsible breeders typically have their breeding dogs evaluated through hip and elbow scoring schemes or equivalent radiographic assessments. As a prospective owner, you should ask to see official hip and elbow results for both parents and ideally for other close relatives as well.

Autoimmune disorders have been of particular interest in the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. There is a recognized predisposition in the breed for certain immune mediated conditions. These can include autoimmune thyroiditis leading to hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system. Symptoms might involve weight gain, lethargy, skin problems, or fertility issues. Testing breeding dogs for thyroid function and for the presence of thyroid antibodies can help reduce risk and also enables early detection in affected pets, who usually respond well to lifelong medication.

Other immune related conditions that have been reported include systemic lupus erythematosus and immune mediated rheumatic disease, which can present with shifting leg lameness, joint pain, and general malaise. There is also interest in the breed regarding genetic studies of such disorders, and in some countries breed clubs recommend participation in health monitoring programs. While not all Tollers will ever experience these problems, awareness is important, especially if you notice stiffness, unusual fatigue, or unexplained fever in an otherwise active dog.

Eye health is another key area. Tollers can be affected by progressive retinal atrophy, which leads to gradual loss of vision, and by other inherited eye conditions. Many breeders use official eye examinations by veterinary ophthalmologists and, where available, DNA tests for specific hereditary eye diseases. When choosing a puppy you should ask for recent eye test certificates for both parents, ideally within the last year, and discuss whether any genetic tests have been performed.

Degenerative conditions of the nervous system, such as degenerative myelopathy, have been found in several breeds, including retrievers. There are genetic tests available that can identify dogs as clear, carriers, or at risk. Responsible breeding practices aim to avoid producing affected puppies by carefully pairing carriers only with clear dogs. Again, asking about test status is an important part of your health research.

Typical lifespan for a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever often ranges from about 11 to 14 years, with many individuals remaining active and bright well into their senior years. As with any breed, longevity is influenced by factors such as genetics, diet, body condition, dental care, and appropriate medical attention throughout life. Keeping your Toller lean is one of the simplest and most powerful ways to protect joints and internal organs. You should be able to feel ribs easily under a light layer of flesh, and your dog should have a clear waist when viewed from above.

Routine veterinary care should include:

• Vaccinations tailored to your region and lifestyle
• Regular parasite prevention
• Annual health checks, moving to twice yearly exams for senior dogs
• Dental assessments and cleaning if needed

Screening blood work for older Tollers can help detect organ issues, thyroid problems, or other concerns before they cause visible signs.

For breeders, recommended health tests usually include at least hip and elbow evaluation, eye examination, and relevant DNA tests available in your country. Participation in breed specific health databases and sharing health information openly helps support the long term well being of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever population.

For owners, observing your dog carefully on a daily basis is equally important. Changes in appetite, thirst, behavior, or movement are often the first clues that something is wrong. Tollers are fairly stoic when it comes to discomfort, and their enthusiasm for activity can mask early pain. If your normally lively dog becomes reluctant to jump, seems stiff after rest, or avoids certain movements, a check with your veterinarian is wise.

With informed breeding choices, regular veterinary support, a sensible lifestyle, and early intervention when problems arise, many Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers enjoy long, healthy lives as active companions and working partners.

History & Origins

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever has one of the more unusual and interesting histories among the retriever breeds. As the name suggests, the breed originated in Nova Scotia in eastern Canada, particularly around the Little River district on the Bay of Fundy. The region is known for its harsh weather, dramatic tides, and rich waterfowl hunting tradition. Local hunters needed a versatile dog that could not only retrieve shot birds from icy waters but also help bring those birds in closer range in the first place.

The key to the breed’s history lies in the word “tolling.” To toll means to lure or entice. Hunters long ago observed that foxes sometimes played along the shoreline, jumping and running with objects in their mouths, which attracted the curiosity of ducks and other waterfowl. The birds would swim closer to investigate, making them easier to shoot. Early settlers and hunters in Nova Scotia sought to reproduce this effect with dogs. They developed small to medium sized, foxlike dogs who enjoyed retrieving and playing near the shore in a way that caught the attention of wild ducks.

The exact mixture of breeds used to create the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is not fully documented, as much early breeding took place in isolated rural communities without written records. However, it is widely believed that a combination of spaniel type dogs, retrievers, possibly some collie or farm dogs, and perhaps even some type of setter or smaller working breeds contributed to the gene pool. The aim was not to create a show dog, but a hardworking, intelligent, and weather resistant partner for local gunners.

By the early 20th century, a distinct type had emerged in Nova Scotia, often known locally as the Little River Duck Dog or Yarmouth Toller. These dogs were treasured working companions. A typical hunting scenario involved the hunter hiding in a blind while the dog played along the shoreline, retrieving sticks or balls thrown by the hunter. The bright red coat and flashing white tail feathers would catch the eyes of distant ducks. As the dog kept moving, the birds drew closer, curious and perhaps confident that this lively animal was simply a fox or harmless creature. When the ducks came within range, the hunter would rise, shoot, then send the dog out to retrieve the fallen birds from the cold water.

Over time, the breed gained recognition beyond its local area. In 1945, the Canadian Kennel Club formally recognized the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever as a distinct breed. From there, Tollers began to spread slowly to other parts of North America and eventually to Europe and beyond. Their combination of hunting ability, trainability, and manageable size appealed to hunters, while their lively charm and intelligence gradually attracted dog sport enthusiasts and active families.

International kennel clubs and organizations later granted recognition, and the breed standard was refined to capture both working ability and consistent appearance. In modern times, Tollers are still used for waterfowl hunting in some regions, particularly by those who value traditional tolling methods and efficient water retrieves. However, the breed’s role has expanded dramatically. Many Tollers now participate in a wide range of activities, including:

• Field trials and hunt tests
• Obedience, rally, agility, and flyball
• Search and rescue or detection work in some cases
• Therapy and assistance roles for suitably temperamented individuals

Despite their increased popularity, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers are still relatively rare in many countries compared to more common retrievers like the Labrador or Golden. This relative rarity has both advantages and challenges. On the positive side, many breed enthusiasts remain focused on preserving working qualities and robust health. On the other hand, limited gene pools in some regions mean that responsible, well planned breeding is especially important to avoid genetic bottlenecks.

Today, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is valued worldwide as a multitalented, active companion that still carries the spirit of its origin. Whether splashing through icy lakes, racing over agility courses, or sharing a sofa after a long day outdoors, modern Tollers are living links to the practical, clever little red dogs that once lured ducks along the shores of Nova Scotia.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is deeply rewarding, but it also requires a real commitment. This is not a low maintenance companion who will be happy with sporadic attention. Before bringing a Toller home, it is important to consider how their needs fit your lifestyle, space, and daily routine.

At home, Tollers usually adapt well to a variety of living situations as long as activity needs are met. They can live in apartments or smaller houses, but only if they receive enough outdoor time, structured exercise, and mental stimulation. A fenced garden or secure yard is helpful because it offers a safe place for daily play, retrieving games, and short training sessions. However, a yard is not a substitute for real interaction. A Toller left alone outside for long periods will likely become bored and may bark, dig, or attempt escape.

Mentally, these dogs need to feel included. They do best in households where people enjoy involving the dog in activities, such as walks, hikes, running, dog sports, or working and training tasks. If your idea of a perfect weekend involves long outdoor adventures, exploring trails, or visiting lakes and beaches, a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever will probably be thrilled to join you. If you prefer quiet indoor hobbies and minimal daily walking, this breed may feel like too much.

The time commitment is significant. In addition to basic care like feeding, grooming, and toileting, expect to spend time on:

• Daily exercise, usually at least one or two active sessions
• Regular training, both for manners and to satisfy their mind
• Social outings to maintain good behavior around people and dogs

Puppies in particular require intensive supervision and guidance. A young Toller is curious, energetic, and capable of getting into trouble quickly if left unsupervised. Crate training, puppy proofing the home, and planning short, positive training sessions multiple times a day will help set good patterns. Many owners find that enrolling in puppy classes and later in obedience or sport classes is invaluable for both socialization and instruction.

Financially, owning a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever involves both predictable and variable costs. Annual expenses can include:

• Quality food, often a premium diet that supports active dogs
• Routine veterinary care, including vaccinations, parasite prevention, and annual exams
• Pet insurance or a dedicated savings plan for unexpected health issues
• Grooming tools such as brushes, combs, nail clippers, and dog safe shampoo
• Training classes or club memberships, particularly if you pursue sports
• Equipment like leads, harnesses, collars, crates, beds, toys, and enrichment items

High quality toys and chew items are especially important. Tollers enjoy using their mouths and can be strong chewers. Rotating durable toys, puzzle feeders, and safe chews helps keep them engaged and protects your furniture. Because this breed is very people focused, interactive games like tug, fetch, or hide and seek with family members are usually more fulfilling than leaving the dog with a pile of toys alone.

Useful equipment for a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever often includes:

• A well fitted harness that allows free shoulder movement for walking and running
• A strong but comfortable lead and a long line for recall training
• A crate or safe resting area where the dog can relax undisturbed
• Towels and possibly a drying coat, since Tollers love water and may come home wet and muddy
• Life jacket for boating or deep water activities, especially if you spend time on large lakes or at sea
• Reflective gear or a lighted collar for walking in the dark

Socially, Tollers are devoted family dogs but may not thrive if left alone for long workdays on a regular basis. Many can handle a few hours alone once mature, especially if they have been gradually taught independence and given enrichment, but all day isolation is not fair to a breed that bonds strongly with its people. Solutions might include dog sitters, dog walkers, doggy daycare where suitable, or flexible work arrangements.

Emotionally, living with a Toller means paying attention to their sensitivity. They often mirror the atmosphere of the household. In calm, structured homes, they tend to be steady and content. In very chaotic or tense environments, some may become anxious, vocal, or reactive. Clear rules, predictable routines, and patient communication help them feel safe. Many Tollers enjoy having a clear job, even if that job is simply performing a short obedience routine before meals or helping carry small items on walks.

When you put the effort in, the rewards are considerable. A well raised Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever can be:

• A joyful partner in outdoor adventures
• A star student in training and sports
• A gentle, playful friend for responsible children
• A loyal family member who shares in daily routines and quiet evenings alike

Before deciding, ask yourself whether you are excited by the idea of regular training, outdoor activity in all sorts of weather, and ongoing learning about canine behavior and health. If the answer is yes, and you enjoy a dog that challenges you in a good way, then living with a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever can be one of the most satisfying experiences a dog lover can have.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever?

They are usually energetic, intelligent and affectionate with their families, often forming a strong bond with one person. Many are reserved or aloof with strangers but not usually aggressive. Their high drive and quick mind mean they thrive when given regular training, play and jobs to do.

How much exercise does a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever really need each day?

Most adults need at least 60 to 90 minutes of physical exercise daily plus mental stimulation. This can include brisk walks, retrieving games, swimming and training sessions. Without enough activity they can become bored, vocal and destructive.

Are Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers good family dogs and how do they behave with children?

They can be excellent family companions for active households that include respectful, dog‑savvy children. They are playful and sturdy but can become overexcited, so supervision and teaching children appropriate interaction are important. Consistent training and clear routines help them settle in busy family environments.

Do Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers get along with other dogs and pets?

They often enjoy the company of other friendly dogs, especially if well socialized from a young age. Their strong prey and chase drive means they may not be reliable with small pets such as rabbits or birds. Careful introductions and management are recommended in multi‑pet homes.

What are the most common health problems in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers?

They are prone to certain autoimmune conditions, hip dysplasia, eye diseases and sometimes epilepsy. Some bloodline‑linked issues, such as autoimmune thyroid disease or immune‑mediated joint problems, can appear in middle age. Health‑tested breeding and regular veterinary checks are important for early detection and management.

Why are Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers sometimes described as vocal or high drive?

They were bred as working gundogs that use movement and sound to attract ducks, which can translate into frequent barking, whining or “screaming” when excited. Their strong work ethic and intense focus on retrieving mean they often push for more activity and engagement than casual owners expect.

How much grooming does a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever’s coat require?

They have a double coat that sheds year‑round and heavily during seasonal changes. Weekly brushing usually controls loose hair and prevents mats, but more frequent grooming is needed when they are shedding. Occasional baths and regular ear and nail care complete their routine.

Can a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever live in an apartment or small home?

They can adapt to smaller spaces if their exercise and mental needs are met every day. Frequent outdoor activity, access to safe off‑lead running and structured training are essential. Without this level of effort, they are likely to feel confined and develop behavioral issues.

Are Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers easy to train for first‑time dog owners?

They are highly trainable and quick to learn but can be sensitive and intense, which may surprise beginners. They respond best to consistent, reward‑based methods and clear structure. First‑time owners who are willing to commit time to training classes and daily practice usually do better with the breed.

What makes a Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever different from a Golden Retriever or other retrievers?

They are typically smaller, more agile and often more reserved with strangers than many larger retrievers. Their “tolling” behavior, where they play and dart along the shoreline to lure waterfowl, is unique among gundogs. Many also have a more intense, high‑energy working style that requires a particularly active home.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• Swedish Kennel Club (SKK)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (DKK)
• Collegium Veterinarium (Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich)