Norwegian Elkhound (Grey)

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Ancient Nordic hunting breed closely associated with moose hunting and traditional Scandinavian outdoor life
• Medium sized, sturdy spitz type with a thick weatherproof grey coat and famous curled tail
• Intelligent, independent, and vocal, with a strong guarding instinct and deep loyalty to the family
• High energy dog that needs daily exercise, mental challenges, and opportunities to use its nose
• Generally healthy and hardy, but needs experienced, consistent handling and firm boundaries

Appearance & Coat

The Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is a classic Nordic spitz type dog, compact yet powerful, built for stamina and working in harsh conditions. At first glance you see a square, balanced outline, pricked ears, and the characteristic tightly curled tail carried high over the back. This is not a fragile or delicate breed. It has a strong, muscular body, deep chest, and solid bone that allow it to work all day in forest and mountain terrain.

Males typically stand around 52 centimeters at the shoulder, with females slightly smaller. Weight is usually in the 20 to 25 kilogram range, though working condition is far more important than exact numbers on a scale. The body should appear firm and athletic, not heavy or overly massive. Viewed from the side, the length from shoulder to rump is roughly equal to the height at the withers, which creates that square, compact look that experienced hunters appreciate.

The head of the Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is expressive and wedge shaped without being fine. Dark, oval eyes give a keen, alert expression that many owners describe as almost human in its intensity. The ears are set high, stiff, and pointed, which helps the dog pick up sounds in dense forest. The tail is a key breed feature, strongly set and tightly curled over the centerline of the back. It should never hang flat or loose when the dog is alert and confident.

The coat is one of the breed’s greatest assets. It is a double coat with a dense, soft undercoat and a harsher, weather resistant outer coat. This combination is what allows the Norwegian Elkhound to work in snow, rain, and cold wind without discomfort. The color is grey with darker shading on the back and lighter, almost silver hair on the belly, chest, and inside of the legs. The mask and ears are typically darker, often almost black, which gives a striking contrast. The coat should never be long or silky. It should lie close to the body and feel solid and protective when you run your hand over the dog.

Even though the Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) has a thick coat, daily grooming is surprisingly manageable. Outside of the shedding seasons, a thorough brush once or twice a week usually keeps the coat in good condition. Use a slicker brush or a pin brush to remove dead hair from the outer coat, and a metal comb or undercoat rake to gently lift out loose undercoat. Pay particular attention behind the ears, under the collar area, and around the tail, where the coat can become thicker and more compact.

Shedding is heavy twice a year, often described by owners as “coat blow.” During these periods, you may need to brush daily to keep the house from becoming covered in hair. Some useful tips for coat care include:

• Brush outdoors whenever possible during shedding season
• Use a rubber grooming glove to lift out dead hair from the topcoat after brushing
• Do not over bathe. A bath every few months, or when the dog is truly dirty, is usually enough

The coat of the Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) has a natural protective oil, so frequent washing can strip this and lead to dry skin. Choose a gentle dog shampoo and rinse thoroughly. Nails should be trimmed regularly, especially for dogs that mainly walk on soft ground. Ears are typically healthy, but check weekly for redness, smell, or excessive wax, especially if the dog swims or spends a lot of time outdoors in damp conditions.

With basic, regular care, the Norwegian Elkhound’s coat stays clean, weatherproof, and comfortable, and it is one of the things that makes this breed such a practical companion for active people who enjoy year round outdoor adventures.

Temperament & Personality

Living with a Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) means sharing your life with a dog that has a big personality, strong opinions, and deep loyalty. This is not a passive or overly soft breed. It is alert, confident, and often quite vocal, originally bred to work independently at a distance from the hunter. As a result, the breed tends to show a blend of affectionate companionship and independent thinking that can surprise people used to more biddable breeds.

In the family, a well raised Norwegian Elkhound is usually devoted, affectionate, and very attached to its people. Many owners describe them as “shadow dogs” that like to follow their favorite person from room to room. They enjoy being close, leaning against legs, or resting at your feet. However, they are not always cuddly in the same way as some lap breeds. They like contact on their own terms and may move away if they feel restrained or fussed over too much.

Around children, Norwegian Elkhounds can be playful and steady, especially if they grow up with kids and are properly socialized. Their sturdy build makes them fairly tolerant of normal family noise and activity. However, their strong prey instinct and independent mindset mean they must be supervised with young children, as with any breed. Children should be taught to respect the dog’s space, never climb on it, pull the tail, or disturb it while it is eating or sleeping. In turn, the dog should be taught from an early age to remain calm around running and shouting children.

With other dogs, Norwegian Elkhounds can be sociable, especially if they have met a variety of dogs from puppyhood. Many enjoy playing and running with canine friends. However, some individuals can be assertive, especially with same sex dogs, and may not tolerate rude behavior from other dogs. Careful introductions and early socialization are important. With cats and small pets, success can vary. The breed has a strong hunting instinct, developed over generations of moose hunting, so many individuals will chase if given the chance. If you plan to live with cats, it is best to raise the puppy with a confident adult cat and manage all interactions carefully. Even then, some Elkhounds will never be entirely trustworthy with small animals outdoors.

One trait that stands out in the Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is its tendency to bark. Bred to signal the presence of game by barking persistently, this habit can easily carry over into home life. They may bark at strangers approaching, unusual sounds, wildlife in the garden, or even out of boredom. For some owners this makes them excellent watchdogs, as they are alert and quick to sound an alarm. For others, especially those living in apartments or tightly packed neighborhoods, the barking can become a challenge. Early training on a “quiet” cue, along with enough exercise and mental stimulation, can help control this behavior, but it will never disappear entirely.

Despite their independence, Norwegian Elkhounds are sensitive to their family’s mood. Harsh treatment, shouting, or rough handling will often backfire and make the dog more stubborn or withdrawn. They respond far better to calm, consistent routines, clear rules, and kind guidance. Many have a sense of humor and enjoy play, tricks, and interactive games. They like to use their nose, explore new environments, and take part in family activities rather than being left alone in the yard.

Common temperament challenges include:

• Stubbornness or selective hearing when off leash
• Barking at noises, strangers, or wildlife
• Chasing behavior toward cats, wildlife, or joggers if not trained
• Guarding tendencies toward home or car

With committed socialization, proper training, and enough outlets for their energy, Norwegian Elkhounds become loyal, robust companions that fit well into active households and reward their owners with affection, protection, and a strong sense of partnership.

Training & Exercise

The Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is an active working breed that needs both physical exercise and mental challenges to stay balanced and happy. These dogs were bred to track, locate, and hold big game, often working for many hours in rugged terrain. Even if your dog will spend its life as a family companion, that heritage remains. A bored or under exercised Elkhound is likely to develop unwanted behaviors such as barking, digging, or destructive chewing.

Daily exercise should be a priority. As a general guideline, an adult Norwegian Elkhound will benefit from at least 1.5 to 2 hours of mixed activity spread throughout the day. This does not need to be all high intensity running. Instead, think in terms of a good combination:

• One or two brisk walks or hikes where the dog can move freely at a trot
• Off leash time in safe areas, if recall is reliable, to let the dog sniff and explore
• Short training sessions or puzzle games that challenge the dog’s brain

Hiking, jogging, and long forest walks are particularly well suited to the Norwegian Elkhound. Many individuals have excellent endurance and are happy to accompany you on cross country skiing trips in winter or long bike rides in cooler weather, as long as you introduce these activities gradually. Just remember that young dogs should not be over exercised on hard surfaces while their joints are still developing.

Training a Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) can be both rewarding and slightly challenging. They are intelligent and quick to learn, but their independent nature means they will often ask, “What is in it for me?” rather than working simply to please. Positive reinforcement methods are by far the most effective. Use food rewards, toys, and genuine praise. Keep sessions short, varied, and fun. Repetition without purpose will bore this breed quickly.

Early training priorities should include:

• Reliable recall, practiced in safe, enclosed spaces before trying off leash in open areas
• Loose leash walking, as many Elkhounds have a strong instinct to pull into the lead
• Basic obedience such as sit, down, stay, and leave it
• Calm behavior around other dogs, people, and distractions

Because of their hunting instinct, many Norwegian Elkhounds find off leash freedom very tempting. A scent trail from wildlife can suddenly become far more interesting than your voice. Long lines, fenced fields, and structured recall games help you build a strong habit of returning when called. For some individuals, full off leash freedom in unfenced areas may never be completely safe, and that is fine as long as you provide other outlets.

The breed enjoys activities where it can use its natural abilities. Suitable dog sports and pastimes include:

• Tracking and nose work, where the dog follows a scent trail or searches for hidden items
• Mantrailing, using their strong nose and persistence to follow human scent
• Agility, focusing on moderate height jumps and safe surfaces to protect joints
• Rally obedience, which combines obedience with movement and variety
• Traditional hunting work in regions where this is legally and ethically practiced

Norwegian Elkhounds also enjoy problem solving games at home. You can hide treats around the garden or house, use food puzzle toys, or teach new tricks regularly. Mental work tires them in a healthy way and often reduces nuisance behaviors. Think about giving your dog a “job,” even if it is something simple like carrying a small backpack on hikes or learning to fetch specific items.

Because of their strong will, consistency is essential. If you allow your Elkhound on the sofa sometimes and forbid it other times, the dog will quickly learn to push boundaries. Clear rules, set from puppyhood, help prevent arguments later. Socialization should start early and continue throughout life. Expose your puppy gradually to different surfaces, sounds, people, and animals. Reward calm, curious behavior and prevent overwhelming experiences.

Training a Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is not about rigid control. It is about building a partnership where the dog understands your expectations and trusts your guidance. When you respect their nature, give them meaningful work, and train with patience, you will discover an intelligent, capable companion that loves to be involved in everything you do.

Health

The Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is generally considered a robust and hardy breed, shaped by centuries of working in tough climates. However, like all purebred dogs, it has some health issues that prospective owners and breeders should be aware of. Responsible breeding programs and proper care can greatly reduce the risk of many problems and help your dog enjoy a long, active life.

One of the primary concerns in the breed is hip dysplasia. This is a developmental condition where the hip joint does not fit perfectly, which can lead to arthritis and pain over time. Ethical breeders will have both parents screened through official hip scoring schemes before breeding. When looking for a puppy, ask to see hip scores and choose breeders who pay close attention to improving joint health within their lines. Even with good genetics, it is important to protect growing puppies from excessive impact, such as repeated stair climbing or long runs on hard surfaces.

Elbow dysplasia is less common but can also appear. It involves abnormal development of the elbow joint and may cause lameness or stiffness, especially after exercise. Again, breeding dogs should be screened where testing is available. Maintaining a lean body condition, especially in youth, helps reduce stress on joints.

Some Norwegian Elkhounds may be prone to certain eye conditions, such as progressive retinal atrophy or cataracts. Regular eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist, particularly for breeding animals, allow early detection. Responsible breeders will test their dogs and avoid breeding from affected individuals. For pet owners, watch for signs such as night blindness, hesitation in dim light, or a cloudy appearance in the eyes.

Another condition to be aware of is hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. Symptoms can include lethargy, weight gain despite normal feeding, coat thinning, or skin issues. The condition is manageable with lifelong medication once diagnosed. Routine blood tests in middle aged and older dogs can help detect this early.

Norwegian Elkhounds can sometimes show a tendency toward kidney related problems in specific lines, including a condition known as Fanconi like syndrome in some families. While not widespread in the entire breed, this is something conscientious breeders monitor carefully through health records and, where available, genetic information. When discussing a puppy with a breeder, ask about kidney health and longevity in the line.

Like many medium sized, deep chested breeds, the Norwegian Elkhound may be at some risk for gastric torsion, often referred to as bloat. This is a serious, life threatening emergency where the stomach twists. Although not among the very highest risk breeds, owners should still be aware of symptoms such as a swollen abdomen, restlessness, unproductive retching, and signs of pain. To reduce risk, avoid exercising the dog heavily immediately after large meals and consider feeding two or three smaller meals rather than one large one.

The average lifespan of the Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is often around 12 to 14 years, with many individuals reaching a healthy old age if well cared for. Helping your dog stay slim, fit, and mentally engaged is one of the best health investments you can make. Obesity places extra strain on joints, heart, and other organs, and can shorten lifespan.

Recommended health tests for breeding dogs typically include:

• Hip dysplasia screening
• Elbow dysplasia screening, where part of the national program
• Eye examinations by a certified ophthalmologist
• Thyroid function tests in some breeding programs

Regular veterinary check ups for pet dogs are equally important. Annual wellness visits allow your vet to pick up early changes in weight, teeth, heart function, and mobility. Many problems are far easier to manage when caught early. Keep vaccinations, parasite control, and dental care up to date. Tartar and gum disease can affect overall health, so brushing your dog’s teeth several times a week with a dog safe toothpaste is a worthwhile habit.

Norwegian Elkhounds cope well with cold and damp, but in hot climates or during heat waves they can overheat quickly because of their thick double coat. Provide plenty of shade, fresh water, and cooling rest spots. Avoid strenuous exercise in the hottest part of the day. Some owners choose to use cooling vests or mats in summertime, especially for older or heavier dogs.

Overall, the Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is a sturdy breed when bred carefully and cared for responsibly. By choosing a health focused breeder, keeping your dog in good condition, and staying attentive to any changes in behavior or physical ability, you give your Elkhound the best chance of enjoying a long, energetic life by your side.

History & Origins

The Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is one of the oldest known Nordic dog breeds and has a deep connection to the history and culture of Scandinavia. Archaeological finds suggest that dogs very similar to the modern Elkhound lived alongside humans in Norway thousands of years ago. Bones and carvings from ancient settlements indicate that these early spitz type dogs played a key role in hunting and survival in the harsh northern landscape.

The word “elkhound” can be a bit confusing for English speakers, since in North America “elk” usually means the large deer species found there. In the Norwegian context, “elg” refers to the European moose. The Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) was developed mainly to hunt this powerful and potentially dangerous animal. The dog’s job was to track moose silently through dense forest, then hold it at bay by circling and barking persistently. The barking allowed the hunter to locate the dog and the moose, while the dog’s agility and courage kept it out of harm’s way.

To perform this work, dogs needed to be strong, hardy, and independent thinkers. They had to make decisions without waiting for commands, judge distances, and adapt to shifting terrain and weather. Over generations, hunters selected dogs that combined physical toughness with keen senses and strong character. This shaped the grey, square built, tightly curled tailed dog we recognize today.

For centuries, Norwegian Elkhounds were valued primarily as working partners and farm guardians. They helped track and hold moose, deer, and sometimes bear, but also warned of strangers approaching remote homesteads and kept watch over livestock. Their thick coat made them suitable for year round outdoor work in snow, rain, and freezing temperatures. In many rural areas of Norway and neighboring countries, owning a reliable Elkhound could mean the difference between a successful hunting season and an empty larder.

The breed began to be recognized in a more formal way in the late nineteenth century, as dog shows and kennel clubs emerged. The first registrations of Norwegian Elkhounds took place in the 1870s, and the breed quickly gathered interest as a distinct national treasure. Breed standards were written to describe the ideal working and show dog, preserving the type that hunters valued while adapting to the growing interest in dog exhibitions.

During the twentieth century, the Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) spread beyond Norway’s borders. Its striking looks, loyal nature, and history as a Viking age companion appealed to dog enthusiasts in many countries. The breed arrived in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe, as well as in North America, where it slowly built a following both as a hunting dog and a family pet. National and international kennel clubs recognized the breed, and it was placed within the spitz and primitive type groups.

Despite its growing popularity as a companion, the Norwegian Elkhound has never completely lost its original purpose. In Norway and other parts of Scandinavia, it is still used actively for moose hunting and other large game, and working ability remains an important selection criterion for many breeders. Trials, working tests, and hunting competitions help maintain the breed’s functional qualities. In some regions, the dog also takes part in search and rescue work, avalanche services, and tracking, where its stamina and nose are valuable assets.

Today, the Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) holds a special place as both a national symbol of Norway and a versatile companion around the world. It bridges the gap between ancient tradition and modern life. Many owners appreciate that when they look at their Elkhound, they see a dog very similar to those that walked with Viking hunters and guarded remote farmsteads centuries ago. Whether found in a city apartment, a suburban home, or a forest cabin, the breed still carries the spirit of the northern wilderness in its keen eyes and proud stance.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your home with a Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) is a rewarding experience, but it also comes with a clear level of commitment. This is not a low energy, “set and forget” kind of dog. Prospective owners should honestly evaluate their lifestyle, activity levels, and environment before choosing this breed.

In daily life, a Norwegian Elkhound thrives on routine mixed with plenty of outdoor time. A typical day for a well adjusted Elkhound might include:

• A brisk morning walk or jog where the dog can trot and sniff
• Some short training exercises, perhaps practicing recall or simple tricks
• Resting near you while you work or move around the home
• Another long walk or play session in the late afternoon or evening
• Interactive games or chews in the evening while the family relaxes

They are happiest when they can be part of the household rather than living in a kennel or being left alone in the garden. Their strong attachment to their people means long hours of isolation can lead to frustration and increased barking. If you work full time away from home, consider options such as a reputable dog walker, dog daycare, or arranging for family members to share the responsibility.

Living space needs depend more on access to safe outdoor areas and time than on the size of your home. A Norwegian Elkhound can live in an apartment if the owner is committed to multiple long walks and mental stimulation every day. However, a house with a securely fenced garden is often more convenient. Fencing should be sturdy and high enough to discourage jumping, as many Elkhounds are agile and curious. They are not usually escape artists on the level of some breeds, but a tempting scent or wildlife on the other side of a low fence can be hard to resist.

The breed’s tendency to bark means neighbors will quickly know you have a dog. Good management goes a long way. Avoid leaving your Elkhound outside alone for long periods, especially in the evening or at night. Teach a “quiet” cue from the start, and reward the dog for settling after alerting you. Sound proofing measures, window films, or white noise machines can help in city environments where outside stimuli are constant.

Financial commitment is another important factor. Costs will vary from country to country, but you can expect annual expenses that include:

• Quality food appropriate for a medium, active breed
• Routine veterinary care such as vaccinations, parasite control, and health checks
• Insurance or a savings fund for unexpected medical issues
• Grooming tools like brushes, combs, nail clippers, and possibly professional nail trims
• Training classes, sports fees, or dog walker services if needed
• Replacement of toys, beds, leads, and harnesses

While Norwegian Elkhounds do not require professional grooming like some long coated breeds, they do shed heavily, and investing in good brushes and a strong vacuum cleaner is wise. They also benefit from sturdy equipment. A well fitting harness can be very useful, especially during training stages when the dog may pull. Choose strong clips and durable materials, as this is a solid, energetic dog.

Useful equipment for living with a Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) includes:

• A strong, comfortable harness and a robust leash
• A long line for safe recall practice in open areas
• Several grooming tools for coat maintenance
• Food puzzle toys and chew items to occupy the dog indoors
• A comfortable bed in a quiet area where the dog can retreat and rest

Climate considerations are important as well. In colder regions, the breed generally thrives and needs only a sheltered sleeping area and a dry bed. In hot or humid climates, special care must be taken. Plan walks in the early morning and late evening, provide shade and fresh water, and allow the dog to rest in cool indoor rooms during the hottest hours. Air conditioning or fans can make a big difference in your dog’s comfort.

Finally, think about your long term plans. A Norwegian Elkhound may live for well over a decade. During that time, your life circumstances may change. Consider whether you are willing and able to adapt activities, training, and care as the dog moves from energetic youth into calmer middle age and eventually into senior years when joint support, shorter walks, and extra veterinary care may be needed.

For the right person, living with a Norwegian Elkhound (Grey) brings a unique mix of companionship, adventure, and connection to an ancient working tradition. If you enjoy outdoor life, are patient with training, and appreciate a dog with character and independence, this breed can become a loyal and deeply satisfying partner in your everyday life.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of temperament does the Norwegian Elkhound have with family and children?

This breed is typically loyal, confident, and affectionate with its family, including respectful children. They are alert and independent by nature, which can make them somewhat stubborn, but they usually bond strongly and enjoy being involved in family activities.

How much exercise does a Norwegian Elkhound really need each day?

This is a high-energy, historically hunting breed that generally needs at least 60 to 90 minutes of solid daily exercise. Long walks, hiking, jogging, and mentally challenging activities are important, as under‑exercised dogs can become noisy, restless, or destructive.

Do Norwegian Elkhounds bark a lot and can this be managed?

They are naturally vocal watchdogs that tend to bark to alert and to express excitement. Early training, enough daily exercise, and teaching a reliable “quiet” cue can reduce excessive barking, but most owners should expect a dog that is more talkative than average.

How heavy do Norwegian Elkhounds get and are they considered medium or large dogs?

They are generally considered a medium‑sized, Nordic spitz‑type breed. Adults commonly weigh in the range of about 45 to 55 pounds, with a compact, sturdy body that is built more for endurance than for sprinting speed.

How much do Norwegian Elkhounds shed and what grooming do they need?

They have a dense double coat that sheds year‑round and heavily during seasonal coat blows. Weekly brushing is needed most of the time, but during shedding seasons daily brushing and thorough de‑shedding are recommended to manage loose hair and keep the skin healthy.

What health problems are most common in Norwegian Elkhounds?

Some of the more frequent issues include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, certain eye conditions, and a tendency to gain weight. Responsible breeders usually screen for joint and eye problems, and owners help by keeping the dog lean, fit, and regularly checked by a veterinarian.

Are Norwegian Elkhounds suitable for apartment living?

They can adapt to an apartment if they receive ample daily exercise and mental stimulation, but the barking tendency and high energy can be challenging in close quarters. Access to outdoor activities and committed training is important for urban homes.

How independent are Norwegian Elkhounds and are they difficult to train?

They are intelligent but quite independent, a trait that comes from their background as big‑game hunters working away from the handler. Training should be consistent, patient, and rewarding, with short, varied sessions to keep them engaged and cooperative.

Do Norwegian Elkhounds get along with other dogs and small pets?

They often do well with other dogs, especially if socialized from a young age, but can be assertive and may not tolerate rude behavior. Their hunting heritage means they may have a strong prey drive toward smaller animals, so supervision and careful introductions are important.

What kind of climate is best for a Norwegian Elkhound with its thick coat?

They were developed for cold northern environments and generally thrive in cooler climates, enjoying snow and low temperatures. In warm or humid regions, they need careful heat management, limited activity in high temperatures, and access to shade and fresh water at all times.

Sources

• Norsk Elghundklubb
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (DKK)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (SKK)