Chow Chow

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• One of the most ancient dog breeds in the world, the Chow Chow is often compared to a dignified little lion with a surprisingly catlike attitude.
• Instantly recognizable by its blue-black tongue and scowling, teddy-bear face, this breed turns heads everywhere it goes.
• Independent and reserved, the Chow Chow is loyal to its family but usually prefers a calm, predictable home rather than constant social bustle.
• The dense double coat, whether smooth or rough, offers great protection from the cold but demands regular grooming to prevent mats and skin problems.
• Best suited to experienced, patient owners who appreciate a quiet companion rather than a clingy lap dog or a high-energy sports partner.

Appearance & Coat

The Chow Chow is a compact, medium-sized dog with a very distinctive outline. At first glance, many people notice the broad head, deep-set eyes and lion-like mane of hair around the neck and shoulders. Adult males usually stand around 48 to 56 centimeters at the shoulder, with females slightly smaller. They are solid and powerful for their size, square in build, with the height at the shoulder roughly equal to the length of the body from chest to rump. The straight, sturdy legs and broad chest give the impression of strength and stability, not speed or athletic agility.

One of the most characteristic features of the Chow Chow is the almost stiff, straight movement. The hind legs have very little angulation, which produces the unique short, stilted gait that judges look for in the show ring. The tail is set high and carried curled over the back, heavily coated and forming part of the overall fluffy silhouette. The skull is broad with a relatively short muzzle, but it should not be overly exaggerated. Small, triangular ears are set well apart and tilt slightly forward, adding to the serious expression that many people interpret as a permanent frown.

The coat comes in two varieties. The rough variety is the more familiar one, with a thick, abundant outer coat and a woolly undercoat. It forms a pronounced ruff around the neck, especially in males, and feathering on the backs of the legs and tail. The smooth variety has a shorter, dense coat that lies closer to the body with less feathering, but still with a rich undercoat. Both coat types share the same color range. Accepted colors typically include solid red in many shades, black, blue, cream and cinnamon. The color should be even, although some shading on the tail and back of the thighs is commonly seen.

The famous blue-black tongue is a hallmark of the breed and should be fully pigmented. The gums and lips are also dark, which contrasts with the coat and gives the Chow Chow a very striking appearance when it opens its mouth.

Coat care is a serious responsibility for any Chow Chow owner. The rich double coat is designed to protect the dog in harsh climates and will shed heavily at least once or twice a year. During shedding season, dead undercoat loosens in large amounts and can quickly tangle if not removed. A weekly grooming routine is the minimum for most pets, with more frequent sessions during seasonal shedding. A well-equipped grooming kit might include:

• A metal comb with both wide and narrow teeth for working through dense areas
• A slicker brush for removing loose hair from the undercoat
• A pin brush for finishing and smoothing the outer coat
• Blunt-tipped scissors for trimming small mats if combing is not possible

When grooming, it is important to work all the way down to the skin rather than just brushing the surface. Pay special attention to behind the ears, under the collar, the armpits and the feathering on the hind legs, as these areas are prone to matting. Regular grooming sessions also allow you to check for skin irritation, hot spots or parasites hidden in the thick coat. Many owners find that a professional groomer is very helpful, especially for full baths and blow-drying, which can be time-consuming with such dense fur.

Despite the plush look, over-bathing is not advisable. Too frequent washing can strip the coat of natural oils and lead to dry, itchy skin. As a rule, a full bath every few months or as needed, combined with routine brushing, is sufficient for most healthy Chow Chows. In warmer climates, owners should be careful not to shave the coat short, since the double coat helps insulate against both heat and cold when maintained properly. Instead, keep the coat clean, brushed and well ventilated to allow air to circulate close to the skin.

Temperament & Personality

The Chow Chow has a personality that often surprises people who expect a fluffy, cuddly teddy bear. Behind the soft, plush exterior is a dog with a strong sense of dignity, independence and self-control. Many owners compare the Chow Chow to a cat in its behavior. It is usually calm indoors, enjoys its own space, and can be affectionate on its own terms rather than constantly seeking attention. This is not a breed that will usually follow its person from room to room or demand endless cuddles. Instead, a well-bred and well-socialized Chow Chow chooses moments of closeness and then returns to a more reserved stance.

Loyalty to the family is very strong. A Chow Chow often attaches itself closely to one or two people in the household and will quietly watch over them. This protective instinct is typically expressed through vigilance and refusal to interact with strangers rather than through noisy aggression. Many individuals dislike being touched by unfamiliar people and prefer to keep their distance. For this reason, responsible breeders and owners emphasize early socialization. Calm, positive exposure to different people, places and experiences in puppyhood can help the adult dog feel more confident and less suspicious in ordinary situations.

With children, the Chow Chow can be a good companion in the right circumstances. The ideal environment is a home with older, dog-savvy children who understand how to respect a dog’s space. The breed does not usually appreciate rough handling, noisy chaos or unpredictable grabbing and hugging. A child who tries to treat a Chow Chow as a living toy may quickly meet a grumpy reaction. Clear rules and constant supervision are essential. Children should be taught:

• Not to disturb the dog while eating or sleeping
• Not to hug tightly around the neck or climb on the dog
• To invite the dog to approach rather than pushing affection on it

In a calm, respectful home, many Chow Chows form deep bonds with children and enjoy gentle interaction, from quiet play to simply lying nearby while homework or reading takes place.

Around other dogs and pets, the Chow Chow tends to be selective. Same-sex intolerance can appear, especially in mature males, and the breed generally does not enjoy busy dog parks filled with unfamiliar dogs crowding their space. With early introductions and careful management, many individuals live peacefully with another dog or a cat in the household, but it is wise to avoid expecting instant friendships. A Chow Chow prefers predictable companions and may react strongly if it feels threatened or cornered.

Common challenges with this breed include stubbornness, sensitivity around handling, and a natural reserve that some people misinterpret as shyness or unfriendliness. If pushed too hard or punished harshly, a Chow Chow may simply shut down or respond with defensive behavior. Beneath the dignified exterior, the dog needs to trust its person deeply. Once that trust is earned, the Chow Chow can become a calm, steady presence in daily life, quietly lying at your feet, watching the world, and offering a gentle nudge at exactly the moment you need it.

Training & Exercise

Training a Chow Chow is very different from working with a Labrador or a Border Collie. This breed is intelligent, but the motivation is not the same as in many eager-to-please working dogs. A Chow Chow often asks a silent question during training: “What is in this for me, and is it worth my effort?” Understanding this mindset is the key to success. Forceful methods, loud corrections or repeated drilling of the same exercise are usually counterproductive. Instead, short, varied sessions that combine food rewards, gentle praise and a sense of cooperation work much better.

Start with basic manners from the day your Chow Chow puppy comes home. House training is usually straightforward if the puppy’s schedule is predictable, since the breed tends to be naturally clean. Simple cues such as sit, down, wait, and come are important, but so are life skills like accepting grooming, allowing the collar and harness to be put on, and calmly meeting visitors at the door. Since many Chow Chows dislike being restrained or handled by strangers, practicing gentle handling at home is essential. Use small treats and a quiet voice while touching paws, ears and tail, and build up slowly to longer sessions that mimic grooming or veterinary care.

Patience and respect should guide every step of training. If the dog hesitates, give a moment to think rather than pulling or shouting. Many individuals respond well to:

• Food rewards that are tasty but not exciting enough to cause frantic behavior
• Calm verbal praise instead of loud, high-pitched excitement
• Clicker training or a marker word to clearly show which behavior you like
• Ending on a positive note while the dog is still interested

Obedience sports or complex tricks are usually not a primary interest for this breed, although some Chows do very well in structured activities when the partnership with the owner is strong. More commonly, the focus is on reliable daily behavior. Walking politely on a leash, calmly waiting at crossings, ignoring other dogs in close proximity, and returning when called are practical goals that make life easier and safer for everyone.

Exercise needs for a Chow Chow are moderate. Unlike many working breeds that require several hours of intense activity per day, the Chow Chow was traditionally more of a multipurpose dog that did not rely on constant motion. Adult dogs generally enjoy one or two good walks each day, combined with some play and mental stimulation. A brisk 30 to 45 minute walk in the morning and another in the evening, along with short garden breaks, suits many individuals. Puppies and young adults can be more playful, but care should be taken not to over-exercise them while their joints are still developing.

The breed tends to cope poorly with heat because of its heavy coat and compact build. In warm or humid weather, walks should be scheduled for the cooler parts of the day, and owners should always provide shade and fresh water. Strenuous activities such as running alongside a bicycle are not ideal for most Chow Chows, especially in hot climates. Instead, think about low-impact stimulation, such as:

• Gentle sniff walks where the dog is allowed to explore scents at its own pace
• Short, fun training games like searching for hidden treats in the garden
• Puzzle toys or stuffed food toys that keep the mind engaged indoors

Many Chow Chows are quite content to relax at home after their daily outings, but it is important not to mistake calmness for laziness. Mental enrichment, social contact with the family, and a bit of variety in routes and routines help keep the dog mentally balanced. If a Chow Chow becomes bored, it might not show it with bouncing energy. Instead, you might notice stubbornness, grumpiness, or a reluctance to cooperate. Regular, thoughtful exercise and training maintain not just physical health but also a harmonious relationship between dog and owner.

Health

As with all purebred dogs, the Chow Chow has certain health concerns that prospective owners and breeders should be aware of. With responsible breeding, proper care and timely veterinary support, many Chow Chows live healthy lives into their early teens. A typical lifespan is around 9 to 14 years, with some individuals reaching beyond that when managed carefully.

One of the most commonly discussed issues in the breed is hip dysplasia. This is a hereditary condition where the hip joint does not form properly, which can lead to pain, lameness and arthritis over time. Elbow dysplasia can also occur. Responsible breeders usually screen their breeding dogs with official hip and elbow evaluations to reduce the risk of passing these problems to offspring. Prospective puppy buyers should ask about the hip and elbow scores of both parents and request to see the results.

The distinctive straight hind legs can make the Chow Chow prone to orthopedic wear and tear if over-exercised, especially in youth. Jumping repeatedly from high surfaces, forced running on hard ground and carrying excess weight all place extra stress on the joints. Maintaining a healthy body condition is one of the most effective ways to protect your dog’s mobility. You should be able to feel, but not easily see, the ribs, and the waist should be visible when viewed from above.

The breed is also known to be sensitive to heat. The heavy double coat, combined with a relatively short muzzle, means that overheating and heatstroke are real risks in hot climates or during intense activity. Owners must be alert for signs such as rapid breathing, drooling, weakness or confusion, and should always offer cool resting places and fresh water. Air conditioning or fans can be very helpful during summer months, especially for older or overweight individuals.

Eyes deserve special attention in the Chow Chow. Entropion, where the eyelid rolls inward and the eyelashes irritate the surface of the eye, appears in some dogs. This can cause pain, tearing and, in severe cases, damage to the cornea. Ethical breeders have their breeding stock examined by veterinary ophthalmologists and avoid using affected dogs. Prospective owners should look for puppies with open, clean eyes and be cautious about heavily wrinkled faces, as excessive skin folds can contribute to eyelid problems.

Skin and coat health can also be a concern. The thick coat holds moisture easily, which may lead to hot spots, fungal infections or general irritation if not groomed regularly. Poor diet or underlying issues such as allergies can show up as dry skin, excessive shedding or repeated ear infections. Good nutrition that suits the individual dog, routine grooming that reaches the skin, and fast action at the first sign of hotspots or itchiness greatly reduce the risk of long-term skin trouble.

Other conditions that can appear in the breed include:

• Hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland is underactive and may cause weight gain, lethargy and skin problems
• Certain autoimmune diseases, which require careful veterinary management
• Patellar luxation, where the kneecap slips out of position in some individuals

Health testing recommended by many clubs and breed organizations often includes hip and elbow scoring, eye examinations and, depending on regional guidelines, additional checks such as patella evaluations and thyroid testing. When speaking to a breeder, it is reasonable to ask which tests have been done and how they interpret the results.

Regular veterinary checkups, at least once a year for adults and more frequently for seniors, help detect problems early. Dental care is equally important. Tartar buildup and gum disease can affect overall health, so many owners brush their Chow Chow’s teeth several times a week and use dental chews approved by their veterinarian.

A thoughtful approach to diet, weight control, exercise and preventive health care will make a huge difference to a Chow Chow’s quality of life. Many of the breed’s potential issues can be managed or minimized when owners are well informed and proactive rather than waiting for obvious symptoms to appear.

History & Origins

The Chow Chow is widely recognized as one of the oldest dog breeds in existence. Its exact beginnings are difficult to trace, partly because early records are scarce and partly because the breed developed over a very long time in regions where dogs were valued for many practical purposes. Most historians agree that the Chow Chow originated in northern China and possibly connected regions such as Mongolia. For centuries, similar dogs were kept by farmers, hunters and even imperial households.

These early Chow-like dogs were versatile working companions rather than strictly pets. They were used as watchdogs to protect homes and goods, as hunting dogs for game such as pheasant and even larger animals, and, in some regions, as draft animals pulling small carts or sleds. Their dense double coats and sturdy build suited harsh winters, while their independent nature made them reliable guardians who did not require constant direction.

The breed’s appearance and blue-black tongue earned it various local names in China, often relating to its lion-like mane or its powerful build. Statues and paintings from hundreds of years ago show dogs that strongly resemble the modern Chow Chow, which supports the idea of an ancient and relatively stable type. These dogs were, at times, associated with royalty and nobility. Some accounts describe them living within palace grounds, where they served as both ornamental companions and alert protectors.

The name “Chow Chow” actually comes from a term used by British traders in the 18th and 19th centuries. It referred to assorted cargo coming from the East and was later, somewhat randomly, applied to the distinctive Chinese dogs they encountered. When the breed reached Britain, the name stuck. The first Chows arrived in Europe around the late 1700s, but it was in the late 19th century that serious breeding and showing began. Queen Victoria is said to have kept a Chow, which increased public interest and helped secure the breed’s place in fashionable society.

From Britain, the Chow Chow spread to other parts of Europe and eventually to North America. Breed clubs were formed, standards were written, and enthusiasts worked to refine and stabilize key characteristics such as the square body, blue-black tongue and proud, self-contained temperament. Over time, the working roles that the breed once held in Asia faded in the West. Instead, the Chow Chow developed into a companion and show dog, valued mostly for its unique look and calm nature.

Today, the Chow Chow is found around the world, though it is not among the most common breeds. It retains a strong core of dedicated fanciers who focus on responsible breeding and preservation of the traditional type. In the show ring, the Chow Chow stands out immediately, often entered in utility or non-sporting groups depending on the country. Outside of shows, the breed lives mainly as a family companion. Some individuals also participate in activities such as obedience, rally or even scent work, although usually on a modest scale compared to more performance-driven breeds.

In modern life, the Chow Chow is best understood as a living link to an ancient partnership between humans and dogs. Its history as a multipurpose farm and guard dog explains much of its self-contained temperament and natural reserve. Recognizing this background helps modern owners appreciate why the Chow Chow looks and behaves as it does today and why it thrives in a respectful home where its heritage is understood.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Chow Chow can be deeply rewarding, but it is quite different from living with many other popular family breeds. Before bringing one home, it is wise to look honestly at your daily routine, your expectations of a dog and your willingness to invest time in grooming, training and thoughtful management.

The ideal home for a Chow Chow is relatively calm and structured. This breed appreciates clear routines, quiet spaces and consistent rules. A busy household filled with constant visitors, loud parties and unsupervised children racing in and out is rarely a good match. Instead, think about whether you can offer:

• A safe, enclosed garden or yard for relaxed outdoor time
• Daily walks at a comfortable pace rather than high-intensity sports
• A cool, draft-free indoor area where the dog can rest undisturbed
• Regular grooming sessions, either at home or with a professional

Chow Chows can adapt to different housing situations, including apartments, provided their exercise and mental needs are met. They are generally not very noisy, which neighbors often appreciate. However, some individuals will bark to alert you when something unusual happens. Early training to differentiate between genuine alerts and everyday noises helps prevent nuisance barking.

Monetary costs should be carefully considered. While prices vary by region, the initial cost of a well-bred Chow Chow puppy from a responsible breeder is usually substantial. On top of this, you will need a budget for:

• Quality food that supports joint and coat health
• Routine veterinary care and vaccinations
• Grooming tools or professional grooming visits
• Pet insurance or savings for unexpected medical bills
• Equipment such as a sturdy harness, strong leash, brushes, a crate or safe resting area and suitable bedding

Because of their joint structure and weight, you should invest in a well-padded, supportive bed that protects your dog’s elbows and hips. Non-slip flooring is also important, since frequent slipping on smooth surfaces like polished wood or tiles can strain joints and ligaments. Some owners use rugs or runners to create safe walking paths through the home.

Social life with a Chow Chow looks somewhat different from life with more outgoing breeds. You will not usually be taking your dog to crowded off-leash dog parks or encouraging strangers to pet it in the street. Instead, your focus will be on controlled, positive experiences. Structured walks, visits to quiet outdoor cafés where the dog can lie under the table, or calm meetings with a small circle of trusted human and canine friends suit most Chow Chows very well. The breed tends to prefer observing to participating, and many individuals are happiest when they can quietly watch the world while remaining close to their person.

Daily maintenance includes brushing, checking ears and eyes, and ensuring that the coat is dry after walks in rain or snow. In wet weather, a waterproof dog coat can be helpful to protect the dense fur from becoming completely soaked, which would take a long time to dry and might lead to skin problems if left damp. A powerful but gentle pet dryer is a wise investment in homes that do their own grooming.

Emotionally, living with a Chow Chow means learning to appreciate subtle expressions of affection. Instead of exuberant tail wagging and enthusiastic licking, you might see your dog choosing to lie with its back touching your feet, quietly following you to the next room but then settling apart, or leaning against your leg for a moment before moving away. These small gestures show trust and attachment in a dog that values personal space. For the right person, this calm, dignified loyalty is incredibly touching.

However, it is important to recognize that not every home is suited to this breed. If you are looking for a dog that loves everyone, thrives on busy doggy social events, or is naturally eager to obey every command, the Chow Chow may not be the best fit. On the other hand, if you appreciate a quiet, strong-willed companion, enjoy routine and are willing to put money and time into grooming and preventive health, you may find the Chow Chow to be a deeply satisfying partner.

In the end, living with a Chow Chow means sharing your home with a small, self-possessed guardian who values respect as much as affection. With responsible ownership, informed care and patient understanding, this ancient breed can become a steady, remarkable presence in your life for many years.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do Chow Chows have blue-black tongues, and is it ever a health concern?

The blue-black tongue is a normal breed trait caused by heavy pigmentation and is one of the defining characteristics of the Chow. It is not a health problem by itself, but sudden changes in tongue color, such as pale or very bright red, can signal illness and should be checked by a veterinarian.

Are Chow Chows really aloof and independent, and how does that affect daily life with them?

They are typically reserved, dignified, and quite independent compared with many other companion dogs. They may bond deeply with one or two people yet remain wary of strangers and uninterested in constant affection, so owners need to respect their space and focus on calm, consistent interaction rather than expecting a highly demonstrative pet.

How much grooming does a Chow Chow need, and how do you manage all that fur?

Both the rough and smooth coats require regular care, with rough coats needing thorough brushing several times a week to prevent mats and skin issues. Owners should plan for seasonal shedding, routine de-shedding, careful drying after baths, and regular checks for hot spots, especially in the dense neck ruff and undercoat.

Are Chow Chows good family dogs for homes with children?

They can live successfully with respectful, dog-savvy children but are generally not as tolerant or playful as many family breeds. Careful early socialization, clear rules about how children interact, and constant supervision are important, since this breed dislikes rough handling and may react defensively if pushed.

What are the most common health problems in Chow Chows?

They are prone to orthopedic issues like hip and elbow dysplasia, various eye disorders such as entropion, and skin problems under the thick coat. Responsible breeders test for these conditions, and owners help by keeping the dog lean, grooming thoroughly, monitoring eyes and skin, and scheduling regular veterinary checkups.

How much exercise does a Chow Chow actually need, given its heavy build and coat?

They generally prefer moderate, steady activity over intense, high-impact exercise. Daily walks and some mental enrichment are usually enough, while care should be taken to avoid overheating, especially in hot or humid weather, because the dense coat and short, broad head can make cooling difficult.

Are Chow Chows difficult to train, and what training approach works best?

They are intelligent but strong-willed and easily offended by harsh handling, which can make them seem stubborn. Short, calm training sessions, clear boundaries, and respectful, reward-based methods tend to work better than repetitive drills or forceful corrections.

Can a Chow Chow live comfortably in an apartment or small home?

They can adapt well to smaller spaces as long as they receive daily walks and are not exposed to extreme heat. Their generally quiet, non-hyperactive nature suits apartment living, but owners must be prepared to manage shedding, provide mental stimulation, and maintain good leash manners in shared areas.

Do Chow Chows get along with other dogs and pets?

Many have a naturally territorial and same-sex intolerant streak, especially toward unfamiliar dogs. Early, careful socialization and neutral introductions are important, and some individuals do best as the only dog or paired thoughtfully with a compatible, non-confrontational companion.

Why do some Chow Chows have wrinkled faces and heavy coats, and is this a problem?

The breed is known for a lion-like mane and a somewhat scowling expression, but excessive skin folds or extremely heavy coats can increase risk for eye irritation, skin infections, and overheating. Choosing dogs bred with functional structure, keeping them well groomed, and monitoring facial folds and eyes help reduce these issues.

Sources

• The UK Kennel Club
• Verein für Deutsche Spitze und Spitze der FCI
• Svenska Chow Chow Klubben
• Norwegian Kennel Club