Great Pyrenees

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Ancient livestock guardian breed from the Pyrenees mountains, known for its calm courage and independent nature.
• Large, powerful dog with a thick weatherproof white coat that sheds heavily, especially in spring and autumn.
• Naturally protective of family and territory, yet typically gentle, patient, and affectionate with children when well socialized.
• Needs moderate physical exercise but very high mental stimulation and secure fencing due to strong guarding instincts.
• Best suited to experienced owners who appreciate a thinking, independent dog rather than a highly obedient, eager to please companion.

Appearance & Coat

The Great Pyrenees is an impressive, statuesque dog that immediately catches the eye. This is a large, strongly built mountain breed with a balanced and harmonious outline. Adult males usually stand around 70 to 82 centimeters at the shoulder, and females around 65 to 77 centimeters. Their weight often ranges from about 40 to over 60 kilograms, depending on sex and individual build. While massive and powerful, a well-bred Great Pyrenees should never look bulky or clumsy. The body is slightly longer than it is tall, with a deep chest, level back, and strong, straight legs that give the dog the endurance to work for long hours in rough terrain.

The head is broad but not exaggerated, with a gentle, intelligent expression. The eyes are medium sized, almond shaped, and usually dark brown, framed by black eyelids that highlight the dog’s characteristic calm look. Ears are small to medium, triangular, and lie flat against the head, giving a soft, friendly appearance. The muzzle is fairly strong, not too long nor short, and the nose is always black. One interesting feature is the presence of double dewclaws on the hind legs, which are required in many breed standards and help the dog move securely on rocky ground.

The coat is one of the breed’s most distinctive features. The outer coat is long, thick, and straight or slightly wavy, with a dense, woolly undercoat. This coat protects the dog from cold, wet weather and harsh mountain conditions. The Great Pyrenees is predominantly white, sometimes with pale markings in shades of grey, badger, pale tan, or light yellow on the head and base of the tail or on the body. These markings should never dominate the coat, as the overall impression should remain white. The tail is long and plumed, carried low at rest and often raised in a graceful curve when the dog is alert.

Coat care is an important part of living with a Great Pyrenees. Although the coat tends to shed dirt and does not need frequent bathing, it does require regular brushing. Plan for a thorough brush two or three times per week, and daily during seasonal shedding periods. A long pin brush or slicker brush combined with a metal comb works well to reach the undercoat and prevent mats, especially behind the ears, in the feathering on the legs, and around the tail. Regular grooming not only keeps the coat healthy but also helps control loose hair in the home. Occasional trimming of the hair between the paw pads can improve traction and comfort. Routine nail trimming, ear checks, and dental care should be part of the grooming schedule, as a large dog like the Great Pyrenees benefits greatly from consistent, calm handling from puppyhood onward.

A clean, well groomed Great Pyrenees is truly a magnificent sight. The combination of size, powerful build, and flowing white coat gives the impression of a gentle, snowy guardian, which is exactly what this breed has been for centuries.

Temperament & Personality

The Great Pyrenees is often described as a gentle giant, and that phrase fits quite well when the dog is in the right home and well socialized. This breed has a calm, thoughtful nature that reflects its long history as a livestock guardian. These dogs were bred to think for themselves and make decisions without constant human direction. As a result, they are independent, self confident, and not easily pushed around. At the same time, a well raised Great Pyrenees is deeply loyal and affectionate with its family, forming strong bonds and often choosing a particular person as its main focus.

With children, a Great Pyrenees can be an exceptional companion. Many Pyrs show remarkable patience, often lying quietly while children play around them, and gently tolerating hugs and clumsy affection. However, this does not replace the need for supervision. Large size combined with protective instincts can lead to unintentional knocks or misunderstandings. It is vital to teach children to respect the dog’s space, especially when the dog is resting or eating. In families that prioritize respectful interaction and consistent rules, the Great Pyrenees can be a steady, comforting presence, often acting like a watchful, furry guardian.

Around strangers, the breed tends to be reserved and watchful rather than overtly friendly. Some individuals will greet new people politely after a proper introduction, while others prefer to keep their distance and observe. The protective instinct is strong, so visitors may be greeted with a deep bark and measured scrutiny. Early and ongoing socialization is essential to ensure confidence instead of suspicion. Controlled exposure to many different people, places, and sounds as a puppy helps the adult dog differentiate between genuine threats and everyday life.

With other dogs and pets, the Great Pyrenees can be very tolerant when properly introduced. Many Pyrs live harmoniously with cats, smaller dogs, and livestock. That said, they may be selective with unfamiliar dogs, especially of the same sex, and some individuals can be assertive. Careful introductions and respect for the dog’s boundaries are important. Their guarding background can mean they take their role seriously, patrolling house and garden and occasionally barking at noises during the night. This natural watchfulness is part of their character, but it can surprise owners who live in close neighborhoods.

Some common challenges with this breed include:

• Strong independence that can come across as stubbornness in training
• Protective barking, sometimes at night or at subtle sounds
• Tendency to patrol boundaries and test weak points in fencing
• Possible reluctance to accept strangers or unfamiliar dogs on their territory

None of these traits are faults when understood in context. They reflect a dog that was bred to guard flocks in remote mountain regions. A responsible owner channels these instincts through clear rules, good socialization, and suitable outlets. In the right environment, the Great Pyrenees is a deeply devoted, stable, and emotionally sensitive family member, with a quiet nobility that wins many hearts.

Training & Exercise

Training a Great Pyrenees requires a slightly different mindset compared to working with more biddable breeds such as retrievers or herding dogs. The Pyr was developed to think independently and make decisions without constant human input. This heritage means they are less motivated by a desire to please and more guided by their own judgement. They can certainly learn commands and follow rules, but only if they see a purpose and feel respected throughout the process.

The most effective training methods for this breed are patient, consistent, and based on positive reinforcement. Harsh corrections, loud shouting, or physical punishment tend to backfire. A Great Pyrenees may simply shut down, walk away, or quietly resist. Instead, reward calm, cooperative behavior with praise, gentle affection, and high value treats. Training sessions should be short and focused, three to five minutes at a time, several times a day rather than long, repetitive drills. Variety and clear structure help keep the dog’s interest.

Focus on essential life skills early, such as:

• Reliable recall in safe, fenced areas
• Loose leash walking, especially given their size and power
• Calm greetings with people and other dogs
• Settling on a mat or in a designated place when asked

Socialization is as important as obedience. Introduce your Great Pyrenees puppy to various sights, sounds, and experiences, from rural settings to city sidewalks, always at a pace the puppy can handle. The goal is to raise a dog that can remain calm and confident in different environments. Well planned puppy classes that use gentle methods can be very helpful, but choose a trainer who understands independent, guardian type breeds.

In terms of exercise, the Great Pyrenees is not a hyperactive dog, but it does require regular physical activity and, just as importantly, mental engagement. Daily walks are essential, along with opportunities to move freely in a securely fenced area. A typical adult Pyr is satisfied with:

• One or two moderate walks each day
• Some off leash playtime in a safe, enclosed space
• Light hiking or countryside walks, once fully grown
• Occasional structured activities that engage the brain

It is important not to overexercise puppies and young dogs, as their growth plates are still developing. Avoid long runs, repeated stair climbing, or hard impact jumping until the dog is physically mature, usually around 18 to 24 months.

Many Great Pyrenees enjoy low impact activities such as:

• Scent games in the yard or home
• Calm tracking style walks where they can sniff and explore
• Carting or light draft work, introduced carefully and responsibly
• Cooperative tasks around small farms or homesteads, like accompanying owners during chores

Due to their strong guarding instinct and limited recall reliability in some individuals, off leash freedom in unfenced areas is rarely safe. Secure fencing is crucial, both for the dog’s safety and for good neighbor relations, since Pyrs may roam to expand what they consider their territory.

When training and exercise are approached with understanding and patience, the Great Pyrenees shows a quiet willingness to cooperate. They may never perform with the crisp precision of a working border collie, but they can become reliable, mannerly companions who understand the rules of their household and live up to their heritage as wise, watchful guardians.

Health

The Great Pyrenees is a generally robust working breed, but like all large dogs, it has specific health concerns that responsible owners and breeders should keep in mind. Most Pyrs live between 10 and 12 years, although some remain active and healthy beyond that age with good care, sensible breeding, and a suitable lifestyle.

Skeletal and joint issues are among the most significant health concerns. Due to their size, Great Pyrenees are at risk for hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia. These conditions involve abnormal development of the joints, which can lead to pain, lameness, and arthritis. Reputable breeders have their breeding dogs screened through official hip and elbow evaluations and only breed animals with acceptable scores. Prospective puppy buyers should always ask for proof of these tests and avoid breeders who dismiss their importance.

Another serious condition in large, deep chested breeds is gastric dilatation volvulus, often called bloat. This is a life threatening emergency where the stomach fills with gas and can twist. While not every Great Pyrenees will experience this, owners should learn the warning signs, such as sudden bloating of the abdomen, restlessness, unsuccessful attempts to vomit, and obvious discomfort. Feeding two or three smaller meals per day instead of one large meal, avoiding vigorous exercise immediately before and after eating, and managing stress can help reduce risk. Some owners of very large or high risk dogs consider a preventive gastropexy, a surgical procedure that secures the stomach in place, often performed when the dog is already under anesthesia for another reason, such as spaying or neutering.

Other health issues that can occur in the Great Pyrenees include:

• Certain eye conditions, such as entropion or ectropion
• Patellar luxation, although less common than in smaller breeds
• Degenerative joint diseases later in life
• Some hereditary neurological or musculoskeletal conditions, depending on bloodline

Skin and coat problems can appear if the dog is kept in unsuitable living conditions or groomed poorly. A dense double coat that stays damp for long periods can lead to hot spots or skin infections. Regular grooming and proper drying after baths or swimming help prevent these issues. Ear care is also important, as heavy coated dogs can be prone to ear irritation if wax or moisture builds up.

Responsible breeders will follow health testing recommendations specific to their country or kennel club. Commonly recommended tests include:

• Hip dysplasia evaluation
• Elbow dysplasia evaluation
• Eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist
• In some lines, DNA tests for known inherited conditions

Good everyday care also plays a major role in health and longevity. A balanced, high quality diet suitable for large or giant breeds is essential, especially during the growth phase. Rapid growth or excessive weight gain can put additional stress on developing joints. Maintaining a lean, fit body condition throughout life is one of the most effective ways to protect a Great Pyrenees from joint and mobility problems.

Regular veterinary checkups allow early detection of age related issues such as arthritis, dental disease, or heart problems. Many Pyrs are quite stoic and may not show obvious signs of discomfort until a condition is advanced, so yearly examinations and honest communication with your vet are invaluable. With thoughtful breeding, appropriate health testing, and attentive daily care, many Great Pyrenees live long, fulfilling lives as calm, steadfast companions.

History & Origins

The Great Pyrenees, also known as the Pyrenean Mountain Dog in many countries, has a history that stretches back hundreds, and likely thousands, of years. The breed takes its name from the Pyrenees mountain range that forms a natural border between France and Spain. This rugged region, with its steep slopes, deep valleys, and harsh winters, shaped the Great Pyrenees into the hardy, courageous guardian we know today.

Archaeological finds and historical records suggest that large white livestock guardian dogs existed in this area since ancient times. These dogs accompanied shepherds and farmers, living among flocks of sheep and goats and protecting them from predators such as wolves, bears, and human thieves. The dogs needed to be independent thinkers, able to make decisions in the absence of their owners, yet deeply bonded to the animals and people they guarded. Their white coats helped shepherds distinguish them from predators in low light and allowed them to blend in with the flock, which made it easier for them to move unnoticed among sheep and surprise attackers.

Over the centuries, the Great Pyrenees became highly valued not only for practical work but also for its dignified appearance and loyal character. In the 17th century, the breed gained particular prominence in France when it was chosen as a royal dog at the court of Louis XIV. This royal recognition led to increased interest among the nobility, and the dogs were sometimes kept as estate guardians and companions. Despite this new role, the breed never lost its working roots and remained closely connected to rural life in the mountains.

Formal breed development and standardization began later, as kennel clubs emerged and dog shows became popular. Enthusiasts in France and other European countries worked to preserve the traditional type and character of the Pyrenean Mountain Dog. The focus was on maintaining the balance between impressive appearance, sound structure, and the calm but fearless temperament needed for guarding. The first breed standards emphasized the white coat, size, strength, and characteristic double dewclaws on the hind legs, which are still a hallmark of the breed today.

In the 20th century, the Great Pyrenees spread to other parts of the world, including North America, where it found new roles as a family guardian, companion, and working farm dog. In many regions, the breed continues to serve as a livestock guardian, living with sheep, goats, alpacas, and even poultry, and protecting them from predators such as coyotes and large cats. These working Pyrs show how strongly the original instincts still run in the breed.

Today, the Great Pyrenees is recognized globally and appears in both working and show lines. While some dogs live traditional rural lives, others share city apartments or suburban homes, adapting surprisingly well as long as their mental and physical needs are met. Regardless of setting, the breed retains its essential nature as a steady, thoughtful guardian, shaped by centuries of partnership with humans in some of Europe’s most demanding landscapes.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Great Pyrenees is a rewarding experience, but it is not a casual choice. This is a large, thoughtful guardian dog that asks for commitment, space, and understanding from its owners. Before bringing a Pyr home, it is important to consider your living situation, daily schedule, and long term plans.

Space is one of the first practical concerns. While the Great Pyrenees can adapt to various homes, including larger apartments, it is generally happier in a house with a secure garden or yard. These dogs like to patrol their territory, observe their surroundings, and lie in a spot where they can watch the world go by. Strong, high fencing is essential, ideally at least 1.8 meters tall, since many Pyrs are skilled climbers and may try to expand their borders. Invisible or electric fencing is not recommended, as it does not prevent other animals or people from entering the property and can create confusion for a sensitive, protective dog.

The level of daily commitment is significant. You should expect to invest time in:

• Regular grooming, especially during shedding seasons
• Daily walks and opportunities for calm exploration
• Ongoing training and reinforcement of house rules
• Early and continuous socialization with people and other animals

Financially, owning a Great Pyrenees also carries responsibilities. Annual costs vary by region, but you should plan for higher than average expenses due to the dog’s size. Key budget items include:

• Quality large breed food, which can be a substantial monthly cost
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and preventive treatments
• Insurance, which is highly advisable for a large breed prone to certain health issues
• Grooming tools, beds, sturdy leads, and other essential equipment

Because of their size and coat, Pyrs need large, comfortable beds, ideally with good orthopedic support. A raised feeder may help some individuals eat more comfortably, though opinions differ, so it is wise to discuss this with a vet, especially in relation to bloat risk. Strong, reliable collars or harnesses and wide, comfortable leads are important for safe walking. For car travel, a secure crate or a well fitted harness that attaches to a seat belt gives both safety and peace of mind.

On a day to day level, living with a Great Pyrenees means learning to appreciate a dog that is calm rather than highly energetic, and thoughtful rather than instantly obedient. Many owners describe their Pyrs as quietly humorous, with subtle expressions and habits that reveal deep intelligence. They may choose favorite spots in the garden, check on sleeping children at night, or place themselves between their family and anything they find suspicious. This quiet watchfulness is at the heart of their character.

Barking is a reality that potential owners must accept. The Great Pyrenees uses its voice to announce anything unusual. In some rural settings this is an advantage and even a requirement. In suburban or urban areas, it can create challenges with neighbors. Early training can help teach a “quiet” cue and encourage the dog to settle indoors at night, but no owner should expect complete silence from a guardian breed.

For people who travel frequently or are away from home for long periods most days, the Great Pyrenees may not be the ideal choice. These dogs thrive on companionship and can become bored or unhappy if left alone for too long. They do best with families or individuals who are often at home or can include the dog in their routine, such as working from home or managing a smallholding.

In return for this commitment, a Great Pyrenees offers profound loyalty and a calm, reassuring presence. Many owners say that once they have lived with a Pyr, they find it hard to imagine life without one. The breed suits those who appreciate a dog with a strong sense of self, a gentle heart, and a protective spirit. If you enjoy quiet companionship, can manage the grooming and training needs, and have the space to accommodate a large guardian, the Great Pyrenees can be an extraordinary partner for many years.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Great Pyrenees good family dogs and how do they behave with children?

They are typically gentle, patient, and protective with children, especially when raised with them. Their guardian instincts mean they often watch over kids carefully, but their large size requires supervision with very young children to prevent accidental bumps or knocks.

Why do Great Pyrenees bark so much and can this be managed?

They were bred as livestock guardians and use barking to warn off predators, so vocal behavior is part of their nature. Consistent training, adequate exercise, and managing triggers such as visual access to the street can reduce excessive barking, but most will always be relatively vocal compared with other breeds.

How much exercise does a Great Pyrenees really need?

They are not high-intensity sporting dogs but do need regular moderate activity to stay fit and mentally balanced. Daily walks plus access to a secure yard and chances to patrol or explore are usually sufficient, though young adults may need more structured exercise to prevent restlessness.

Can a Great Pyrenees live in an apartment or small home?

It is challenging but sometimes possible for a calm adult with an experienced owner. They need frequent outdoor time, a place to stretch out, and very good noise management because their size and tendency to bark can create problems in close quarters.

How much do Great Pyrenees shed and what grooming do they require?

They have a thick double coat that sheds year round and heavily during seasonal changes. Weekly brushing, and more frequent work during shedding seasons, helps control loose hair and prevent matting, while baths can be relatively infrequent if the coat is kept clean and brushed out.

Are Great Pyrenees difficult to train because they are so independent?

They are intelligent but strongly independent thinkers, shaped by centuries of working without close human direction. Training needs to be calm, consistent, and patient, focusing on cooperation rather than obedience for its own sake, and they often respond best to short, positive sessions rather than repetitive drills.

What health problems are Great Pyrenees prone to?

Common concerns include hip and elbow dysplasia, certain orthopedic issues related to their large size, and occasionally bloat and some hereditary eye conditions. Responsible breeders typically screen for joint and eye problems, and keeping the dog lean with appropriate exercise helps reduce stress on the skeleton.

How well do Great Pyrenees handle hot weather with their thick coats?

Their coat insulates against both cold and heat, but they are still more comfortable in cooler climates. In warm weather they need shade, constant access to fresh water, and limited exercise during the hottest parts of the day to reduce the risk of overheating.

Are Great Pyrenees naturally protective or do they need guard training?

They are naturally protective and territorial, which is part of their original role as flock guardians. Formal guard training is generally unnecessary and can even be counterproductive, since good socialization and clear boundaries usually produce a dog that is calmly watchful rather than reactive.

Do Great Pyrenees get along with other pets and livestock?

Many are very tolerant and even nurturing with other animals when properly introduced, reflecting their history as livestock guardians. Early and careful socialization is important, but once bonded they often coexist peacefully with other dogs, cats, and farm animals, although same-sex dog conflicts can occur in some individuals.

Sources

• The Pyrenean Mountain Dog Club of Great Britain
• Svenska St. Bernhardshundklubben
• Royal Canin - Great Pyrenees Breed Information
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• German Kennel Club (VDH) - Breed Standards