Bloodhound

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• World famous for their incredible sense of smell and tracking ability, often used in search and rescue and missing person cases.
• Gentle, calm, and affectionate at home, yet stubborn and independent when a scent catches their interest.
• Large, powerful hounds with loose skin, deep folds, and long ears that help trap scent particles.
• Slow to mature both physically and mentally, often remaining puppy‑like and clumsy well into their second or even third year.
• Require committed training, secure fencing, and plenty of mental stimulation to manage their strong tracking instincts.

Appearance & Coat

The Bloodhound is a striking dog, instantly recognisable with its long ears, deep wrinkles, and thoughtful, almost melancholy expression. This is a large, powerfully built hound, yet there is a certain elegance in the way the body flows from the long neck through the strong back to the slightly curved tail. Males typically stand around 64 to 72 centimetres at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller at around 58 to 66 centimetres. Weight can vary quite a bit, but many adult Bloodhounds fall in the 40 to 54 kilogram range, with males often heavier and more solid than females. Despite this size, the breed should never appear coarse. The ideal Bloodhound looks strong, athletic, and capable of hours of steady work in the field.

One of the most notable features is the head. It is long and narrow rather than broad, with a well pronounced stop and a deep muzzle. The skin on the head is loose and falls into folds, particularly around the eyes and throat. When the dog lowers its head, the skin tends to wrinkle more, adding to the distinctive appearance. The long, thin ears are set low and hang in graceful folds close to the cheeks. These ears are believed to help sweep scent particles toward the nose when the Bloodhound is tracking. The eyes are relatively deep set and can be hazel to dark brown, giving a soft, kind look. Some dogs show a bit of the lower eyelid, which contributes to the classical Bloodhound expression.

The coat itself is short, dense, and smooth, lying close to the body without being harsh or wiry. It provides decent protection against weather and rough undergrowth but is not long enough to tangle or mat. Common colours include black and tan, liver and tan, and various shades of red. Some Bloodhounds have a small amount of white on the chest, feet, or tail tip. The darker saddles often lighten slightly with age, while the overall coat remains rich and attractive.

Grooming needs are moderate. The short coat sheds year‑round, with heavier shedding in spring and autumn. A thorough brushing once or twice a week with a rubber curry brush or grooming mitt helps remove loose hair and spread natural oils. During peak shedding periods, more frequent brushing is helpful. Bathing is needed as required, although many Bloodhound owners find that regular gentle cleaning of the skin folds is even more important. The wrinkles around the face and neck can trap moisture and dirt, which may lead to irritation or infections if not kept dry and clean. Using a soft cloth to wipe the folds and making sure they dry properly after walks in the rain or after drinking is a smart routine.

Ear care is essential. The long ears restrict airflow, so they can be prone to wax build‑up and infections. Weekly inspection and careful cleaning with a dog‑safe ear cleaner will help keep problems at bay. Their nails should be trimmed regularly to prevent overgrowth and discomfort, especially in such a heavy breed. With steady, gentle grooming, the Bloodhound is relatively easy to keep in good condition, and many owners find the routine care a relaxing way to bond with this impressive hound.

Temperament & Personality

The Bloodhound has a personality that often surprises people who only know the breed from films and stories about crime scenes. Behind the solemn expression and impressive size lives a kind, sensitive, and deeply affectionate dog. In the home, a typical Bloodhound is calm and easygoing, often happiest when stretched out on a comfortable bed or leaning heavily against their favourite person. They are very people oriented and often described as “velcro dogs,” since they like to follow their family around the house and settle wherever the action is.

With children, a well socialised Bloodhound can be a wonderful companion. They tend to be patient and tolerant, not easily disturbed by the noise and hustle of family life. Many will gently accept clumsy affection from younger children, and older kids often enjoy the bond that develops during walks and training. However, it is important to remember that this is a large, heavy dog. A playful or enthusiastic Bloodhound can easily knock over a small child without meaning any harm. Supervision, clear rules, and teaching children how to interact politely are essential. As with any breed, children and dogs should never be left unsupervised.

Bloodhounds often get along well with other dogs, especially if they have been raised with them. Their natural pack instinct from centuries of hunting in groups means they usually enjoy the company of canine friends. Many Bloodhounds also live peacefully with cats and other pets, although care should be taken with very small animals, especially outdoors where their hunting instincts may be triggered. Early socialisation helps them learn that household pets are part of the family, not something to chase.

In daily life, the breed is a mixture of gentle affection and strong independence. They are sensitive to tone of voice and can become anxious if handled harshly, yet they also have a famously stubborn streak. Once a Bloodhound catches a scent outside, it may seem as though nothing else in the world exists. This intense focus is what makes them exceptional tracking dogs, but it can be challenging for owners who expect instant obedience. It is not that Bloodhounds are unintelligent. In fact, they are clever problem solvers. They simply have a mind of their own, and their nose often leads their decision making.

Common challenges for Bloodhound owners include drooling, stubborn recall, and house manners during the long puppy and adolescent stage. Drool can be considerable, especially after drinking or when food is involved. Many owners keep a towel nearby to wipe faces and walls. Indoors, a bored young Bloodhound may explore with its mouth and can be surprisingly destructive if left alone without training or things to do. They thrive in homes that provide clear, consistent boundaries, plenty of mental stimulation, and daily interaction.

At their best, Bloodhounds are gentle giants with a deep bond to their families. They are not guard dogs in the traditional sense, though their size and bark can be impressive. Most are friendly or at least polite with strangers once they have assessed the situation. They are emotional dogs that form strong attachments and may not enjoy spending long hours alone. For people who appreciate a calm, affectionate dog with a unique personality and are ready to accept their quirks, the Bloodhound can be a loyal companion unlike any other.

Training & Exercise

Training a Bloodhound is as much about understanding how their mind works as it is about teaching specific commands. This breed was developed for independent work over long distances, often out of sight of the handler. As a result, they are not wired to check in constantly with people the same way some herding or working breeds might. That does not mean they cannot be trained. It simply means that the approach must respect their strong sense of smell, curiosity, and independent nature.

Positive reinforcement is absolutely essential. Bloodhounds respond well to praise, food rewards, and play, but quickly shut down if training is harsh or overly repetitive. Short, varied sessions tend to work best. Instead of repeating the same command many times, it helps to mix obedience exercises with scent games, simple tricks, or short tracking exercises. Owners often find success by keeping training light and fun rather than strict and formal. Building a bond based on trust and patience is more effective than trying to dominate a Bloodhound into submission.

Recall is one of the greatest challenges. Once a Bloodhound has locked onto an interesting scent, calling them back can be extremely difficult. This is why reliable recall training should start early and be reinforced for life. Long lines, fenced areas, and careful management are practical tools. Many Bloodhound owners choose to keep their dogs on a lead or long line in open, unfenced spaces to prevent them from following a scent trail straight out of sight. Teaching a strong “watch me” or “check in” cue can also help, though it will never fully override their natural tracking drive.

Exercise needs are moderate to high, but not in the sense of intense speed or agility. Bloodhounds are built for endurance, not for sprinting. They enjoy long, steady walks and hikes where they can use their nose. A fit adult Bloodhound can walk for hours at a relaxed pace. Younger dogs should have their exercise increased gradually to protect growing joints. Puppies and adolescents can be quite energetic and clumsy, so mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise during this stage.

The ideal activities for a Bloodhound usually involve scent. Many enjoy:

• Tracking and mantrailing, either in organised clubs or informal games with family
• Search games at home, such as finding hidden treats or toys
• Sniff walks where the dog is allowed time to investigate interesting smells

These activities use their natural abilities and provide mental satisfaction that simple running cannot match. Some Bloodhounds also do well in obedience or rally classes, though expectations should be realistic compared with breeds bred specifically for precision work. Their true talent lies in following a trail.

Because the breed is large and strong, basic manners are important from an early age. Teaching loose‑lead walking, polite greetings, and a solid “stay” will make daily life much easier. Without these foundations, walking an adult Bloodhound can feel like handling a small horse. Early socialisation with people, other dogs, different environments, and various surfaces builds confidence and helps prevent shyness or overexcitement in new situations.

Mental enrichment at home is just as important as formal training. Puzzle feeders, scent mats, and regular training games can prevent boredom and destructive behaviours. A tired Bloodhound is not necessarily one that has run many kilometres. More often, a truly satisfied Bloodhound is one that has had the chance to work its nose, think, and interact meaningfully with its human family. Owners who embrace the breed’s love of scent work will find that training and exercise can become an enjoyable partnership rather than a daily struggle.

Health

The Bloodhound is a robust working dog in many ways, but like all purebred dogs, it has certain health issues that are more common in the breed. Understanding these potential problems helps owners choose responsible breeders, plan appropriate care, and recognise early warning signs. While not every Bloodhound will experience health difficulties, being informed is a key part of responsible ownership.

One of the main concerns in this large, deep chested breed is gastric dilatation volvulus, often known as bloat. In this condition, the stomach fills with gas and may twist. Bloat is a life threatening emergency that requires immediate veterinary attention. To reduce risk, many owners feed two or three smaller meals per day instead of one large meal, avoid heavy exercise directly before and after eating, and use slow feeding bowls if the dog tends to gulp food. Some breeders and veterinarians also recommend a preventive procedure that tacks the stomach to the body wall, particularly for dogs at higher risk.

Joint and skeletal issues can occur, especially hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia. These conditions involve abnormal development of the joints, which can lead to pain and arthritis over time. Responsible breeders have their breeding dogs tested and scored for hip and elbow health through recognised schemes. Prospective owners should ask to see these results and choose breeders who prioritise sound structure. Keeping a Bloodhound at a healthy weight and providing appropriate exercise helps protect joints as well.

Like many large and giant breeds, Bloodhounds can be prone to certain heart conditions. Regular veterinary check ups, including listening for heart murmurs and, if needed, further cardiac tests, are advisable. Eye issues may also occur. The loose skin around the eyes can contribute to conditions such as entropion or ectropion, where the eyelids roll inward or outward. These can cause irritation or infections if not addressed. Owners should watch for redness, discharge, or signs of discomfort and consult a vet if anything looks unusual.

Ear infections are another common issue. The long, pendulous ears restrict airflow and can trap moisture, wax, and debris. Regular inspection and gentle cleaning reduces the risk, but even with good care, some Bloodhounds may experience recurrent ear problems. Recognising early signs, such as head shaking, scratching, or an unpleasant smell, helps ensure prompt treatment.

Skin fold problems are possible in the areas with deeper wrinkles, particularly around the face and neck. Moisture and dirt can build up in these folds, leading to irritation or infections. Routine cleaning and drying of the folds, along with keeping the dog at a healthy weight, significantly reduces these issues. Some lines may also be more prone to certain autoimmune or digestive problems, which is why breeders who track health in their breeding stock over several generations are so valuable.

The typical lifespan of a Bloodhound is around 8 to 11 years, which is fairly standard for a large breed. Factors such as genetics, nutrition, weight management, dental care, and lifestyle play a big role in how well and how long a Bloodhound lives. Many owners choose high quality food that suits the dog’s age and activity level, along with regular monitoring of body condition to avoid excess weight, which strains joints and the heart.

Before purchasing a puppy, it is wise to ask breeders about:

• Hip and elbow scores of both parents
• Any eye examinations or recommended eye certifications
• The general longevity and health history of close relatives

Good breeders are transparent and happy to discuss health openly. Regular veterinary care, including vaccinations, parasite prevention, and dental checks, completes the picture. With responsible breeding and thoughtful ongoing care, many Bloodhounds enjoy long, active lives as cherished family members.

History & Origins

The Bloodhound has one of the oldest and most respected histories among scent hounds. Its origins can be traced back many centuries in Europe, where monks and noble hunters sought to develop a dog with unmatched tracking ability and endurance. The breed is closely associated with the Abbey of Saint Hubert in the Ardennes region. Monks there are believed to have bred and refined early forms of the hound, selecting dogs with the keenest noses and greatest determination to follow a trail.

From these early “Saint Hubert hounds,” as they were known, the Bloodhound gradually spread across Europe. Over time, they gained a reputation for their capacity to follow extremely old trails across difficult terrain. These dogs were valued not only for hunting large game, such as deer and wild boar, but also for their ability to follow human scent. The term “blood” in the name is thought to refer to their noble or “blooded” lineage and the careful, pure breeding that shaped the type, rather than a taste for blood. Their work was not about attacking prey, but about finding it.

Bloodhounds arrived in Britain centuries ago and played a role in tracking both animals and people. Stories and historical records mention their use in tracing wounded game, lost travellers, and even criminals. Their astonishing reliability on a scent trail led to their use in law enforcement and later in search and rescue. In some countries they became closely linked with the image of the tireless detective dog, nose to the ground, following a trail long after other breeds had given up.

As the breed moved into the modern era, its function shifted somewhat. While traditional big game hunting declined in many areas, interest in mantrailing and search work grew. Police forces and rescue organisations recognised that the Bloodhound could follow a specific human scent across busy cities, forests, and fields, ignoring cross trails and distractions. In several countries, Bloodhounds have been trained for search tasks where their work has contributed to finding missing persons and providing evidence in investigations.

Kennel clubs began to standardise the breed type in the nineteenth century, focusing on preserving the long, noble head, characteristic wrinkles, and strong body that could work for hours in the field. Exhibitions and dog shows helped fix the appearance that we recognise today. At the same time, enthusiasts worked to keep essential working qualities intact, so that the dog in the show ring and the dog on the trail would remain closely related.

Today, the Bloodhound is still used for tracking and search work in many parts of the world. Clubs and organisations devoted to mantrailing provide opportunities for owners to develop these skills in a structured way. At the same time, the breed has gained a place as a companion dog in active households that can appreciate its unique mix of calm affection and powerful working drive. The long, rich history of the Bloodhound lives on every time one of these dogs lowers its nose to the ground and follows a scent with the same focus and determination that made the breed famous centuries ago.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Bloodhound is a rewarding experience, but it comes with specific realities that every potential owner should consider carefully. This is not a breed that fits into every lifestyle. The ideal home is one that values calm, patient interaction, can manage a large dog with strong instincts, and is prepared for a bit of mess around the house.

Space is an important factor. Bloodhounds do not necessarily need a huge property, but they do appreciate room to move and a secure outdoor area. A solid, high fence is usually necessary, since following a scent under or through gaps is a real risk. Many Bloodhounds live happily in suburban or even city homes as long as they get sufficient daily walks and mental stimulation. However, an apartment without access to a safe outdoor area and committed exercise can be challenging for such a large and sometimes noisy breed.

Drool and smell are often mentioned by owners. Bloodhounds can drool quite a lot, especially after drinking, eating, or during exciting moments. Some people do not mind, while others find it difficult to live with. It helps to accept that towels near water bowls, occasional drool on walls or clothes, and a generally “doggy” aroma are part of the package. Regular wiping of the mouth, airing out the home, and washing bedding helps keep things under control, but total neatness is unrealistic.

Prospective owners should also be prepared for the long puppy and adolescent period. Bloodhounds mature slowly. They often remain clumsy, playful, and a bit scatterbrained well into their second or third year. During this time, supervision, crate training or use of safe indoor pens, and consistent routines are essential. A bored young Bloodhound can chew shoes, furniture, or anything that smells interesting. Providing tough, safe chew toys and engaging activities reduces the risk of destruction.

In terms of costs, owning a Bloodhound can be more expensive than some smaller breeds. Areas to budget for include:

• High quality food appropriate for a large, active dog
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite prevention
• Potential treatment for ear infections or skin issues
• Insurance or savings for emergencies, particularly given the risk of bloat
• Larger beds, stronger leads, and sturdy harnesses or collars

Many owners choose a strong harness for walks to protect the dog’s neck and give better control if the hound decides to follow a scent. A wide, comfortable collar is also important. Food and water bowls that are stable and heavy reduce spills, and some owners use slightly raised feeders, although opinions vary regarding their role in bloat risk. A large, supportive bed is essential for joint comfort. Because Bloodhounds are prone to pressure points, soft bedding in sleeping areas helps prevent calluses and sores.

The daily routine should include at least one or two good walks, along with shorter toilet breaks. Allowing time to sniff is vital. A quick power walk where the dog is not allowed to investigate anything is far less satisfying than a slower walk with plenty of “sniffing breaks.” On days when long walks are not possible, scent games in the garden or house can provide mental exercise. Hiding small treats around a room or along a short trail can tire a Bloodhound surprisingly quickly.

Socially, the breed usually enjoys company. They often do well with another dog in the household, especially another calm, friendly companion. They may struggle if left alone for many hours every day. Separation training from a young age helps them learn that time alone is safe, but full time workers may need dog walkers, doggy daycare, or family support.

For people who are prepared, living with a Bloodhound brings immense rewards. Their affection is deep and genuine. Many owners speak of the quiet moments when a Bloodhound rests its head gently on a knee or leans close for a slow, soulful cuddle. They are dogs with character, humour, and loyalty. The combination of gentle home life and impressive working ability makes them unforgettable. With realistic expectations, proper equipment, a sense of humour, and a patient heart, sharing life with a Bloodhound becomes not just pet ownership, but a special partnership built on trust and mutual respect.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Bloodhounds good family dogs and how do they behave with children?

They are typically gentle, tolerant and affectionate with family members, including respectful children. Their large size and enthusiasm can be clumsy, so supervision around small kids is important. Early socialization helps ensure their natural sweetness is combined with good manners in a busy household.

How much exercise does a Bloodhound need and what kind of activities are best?

They need at least 1 to 2 hours of daily activity, with a focus on long, steady walks and scent-based games rather than intense sprinting. Nose work, tracking and structured hikes are ideal outlets for their strong instinct to follow smells. Off leash time must be in secure areas because once they catch a scent they can be very difficult to call back.

Why do Bloodhounds drool so much and how can I manage it at home?

Heavy lips and loose skin around the mouth cause saliva to collect and drip, especially after drinking, eating or exercising. Owners often keep drool towels handy, wipe the mouth regularly and use washable covers on furniture. Good oral hygiene and regular cleaning of the folds around the mouth can help reduce odor and skin irritation associated with drool.

What health problems are Bloodhounds prone to?

They are at increased risk for bloat and gastric torsion, hip and elbow dysplasia, ear infections and some eye conditions such as entropion. Skin fold issues and obesity are also common concerns. Choosing a breeder who screens for joint and eye problems and learning the emergency signs of bloat are especially important for this breed.

Are Bloodhounds hard to train and do they listen to commands?

They are intelligent but highly independent and scent driven, which can make training feel slow or inconsistent. Short, reward-based sessions and a calm, patient approach work best. A strong recall is difficult to achieve, so training should be combined with careful management and secure fencing.

Do Bloodhounds make good apartment dogs or do they need a large yard?

They can live in an apartment if they receive ample daily exercise and mental stimulation, but their size, deep voice and drool make them challenging in close quarters. A securely fenced yard is ideal for safe sniffing and roaming. Neighbors may notice their loud baying, so sound tolerance in your building or neighborhood is an important consideration.

How much grooming does a Bloodhound need and how do you care for the wrinkles and ears?

Their short coat is low maintenance and usually only needs weekly brushing to remove loose hair. The skin folds on the face and neck should be gently cleaned and dried to prevent infections. Long, heavy ears need frequent inspection and cleaning since limited air flow makes them prone to moisture buildup and ear problems.

Can a Bloodhound be left alone during the workday or do they get separation anxiety?

Many can tolerate being alone for several hours if their exercise, mental stimulation and social needs are met. They are very people oriented, so long, regular isolation can lead to vocalizing, destructive behavior or stress. Crate training, puzzle feeders and a midday walk or dog sitter can make alone time more manageable.

Are Bloodhounds naturally protective or good guard dogs?

They are more likely to be friendly or reserved than truly protective and are not typically strong guard dogs. Their deep bay can be intimidating and may alert you to visitors, but they are usually not defensive or aggressive by nature. They are better suited as tracking and scent work companions than as personal protection dogs.

Why do Bloodhounds follow scents so intensely and is it safe to walk them off leash?

They have one of the most powerful noses in the dog world and centuries of breeding for tracking work have amplified their drive to follow trails. Once focused on a smell they can become oblivious to traffic, distance and recall commands. For safety, they are best kept on leash or in securely fenced areas rather than trusted off leash in open spaces.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Verein für Deutsche Hunde (VDH) - German Kennel Club
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Société Centrale Canine (France)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (Danish Kennel Club)