Welsh Springer Spaniel

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Distinctive red and white spaniel from Wales, bred as a steady and reliable gundog.
• Medium sized, athletic, and surprisingly strong, with a weather resistant coat that loves mud and water.
• Typically very affectionate and people focused, often forming a close bond with one particular person.
• Needs a good mix of daily exercise and mental stimulation, not just a quick walk around the block.
• Known for working quietly in the field, using a keen nose and methodical style rather than high speed chaos.

Appearance & Coat

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a medium sized, compact and athletic dog that looks ready to work all day without being heavy or clumsy. When you see one in person, the first impression is often of a well balanced, slightly rectangular body with a strong topline and a clear sense of purpose in the way it stands and moves. Males tend to be a little larger and more substantial than females, but this is not a heavily built breed. Strength combined with agility is more important than sheer size.

The head is refined but not fine, with a slightly domed skull and a clear stop. The muzzle is fairly square and of good length, giving room for strong jaws and the soft mouth needed for retrieving. Eyes are oval, usually dark to medium brown, with a gentle but alert expression that many owners describe as soulful and thoughtful. The ears are one of the breed’s trademarks. They are relatively small compared to some other spaniels, set at eye level and covered in silky feathering that frames the face without overwhelming it.

The body is a little longer than tall, with a deep chest that reaches to the elbows and well sprung ribs for stamina. The legs are straight and strong, and the bone is solid without looking coarse. The movement of a Welsh Springer Spaniel should be smooth and ground covering, with good reach in front and powerful drive from behind. When the dog moves at a trot you should see an efficient, economical stride that looks like it could be maintained for long periods of time.

Coat is a key feature. The Welsh Springer Spaniel has a flat, straight or slightly wavy coat that is dense and weather resistant. It is not as long or profuse as some show type spaniels, and should never be curly. Feathering appears on the ears, chest, back of legs, and tail, giving a soft and elegant outline. The only accepted color is rich red and white. The red should be a deep, warm shade rather than pale or washed out, and the white markings can appear on the face, neck, chest, legs, underside and tail. Some dogs have more red than white, others more white, but both are equally correct as long as the red is rich and clearly defined.

In terms of grooming, the coat is practical but not fully “wash and go.” It is designed to cope with rough cover, rain, and cold, which is great for outdoor life but means it can collect burrs, seeds, and mud. A basic coat care routine might include:

• Brushing two or three times a week to remove loose hair and prevent tangles in the feathering.
• Checking the ears after walks for seeds, grass awns, or mud, and gently cleaning when needed.
• Trimming excess hair around the feet and between the pads to reduce slipping and the build up of dirt and snow.
• Occasional tidying of feathering, especially around the ears and tail, if you prefer a neater look.

Regular bathing is not necessary unless the dog is particularly dirty or smelly. A gentle dog shampoo every few weeks or after a muddy adventure usually suffices. Because the coat is not overly heavy, drying time is reasonable, which is welcome for owners who live in wetter climates. With a simple but consistent grooming routine, the Welsh Springer Spaniel can look tidy and feel comfortable without needing professional grooming every few weeks, although some owners choose to visit a groomer for seasonal tidy ups.

Temperament & Personality

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is often described as a “gentle worker” and that captures a lot of the breed’s character. This is a dog that loves to be busy, loves to be with its people, and tends to approach life in a steady, thoughtful way rather than a frantic one. Many owners say their Welsh Springer feels like a shadow, quietly following them from room to room and always aware of where the family is. This strong attachment can be very endearing, but it also means that most Welsh Springers do not like being left alone for long hours on a regular basis.

At home, a well bred and well socialised Welsh Springer Spaniel is usually affectionate, sensitive, and eager to please. They are generally good with children, especially when raised with them and when the children have been taught to respect the dog’s space. Their size and temperament make them a good choice for families who want an active yet manageable companion. They are rarely rough by nature, but their enthusiasm can lead to bouncy greetings or excited zoomies, so supervision is important around very young or unsteady children.

Welsh Springers are often more reserved with strangers than some other spaniel breeds. They may take a little time to warm up to new people, preferring to observe quietly before coming forward for a pat or a treat. This is not shyness in a well adjusted dog, but rather a more thoughtful and slightly cautious nature. Early and positive socialisation is especially valuable for this breed. Regular exposure to different people, friendly dogs, environments, and sounds can help them grow into confident, well rounded adults.

Around other dogs, the Welsh Springer Spaniel is usually polite and sociable, though not necessarily the life of the party. They tend to enjoy the company of other friendly dogs, especially those that share their love of exploring and sniffing. As with any breed, individual personalities vary, and some Welsh Springers can be a little possessive of toys or space, particularly if they have not learned good manners from a young age. Clear rules and supervised play can prevent most conflicts.

With other pets, such as cats or small animals, success often depends on early introductions and management. As a gundog breed, the Welsh Springer Spaniel has a natural interest in movement and scent. Many live very happily with family cats they have grown up with, often ignoring them or even curling up together. Fast moving small pets such as rabbits or hamsters can be more of a temptation. Sensible precautions and training around these animals are important, and some owners choose to keep such pets separate for safety.

Common temperament challenges often relate to the breed’s sensitivity and need for company. A Welsh Springer that is left alone too much, under exercised, or trained with harsh methods can become anxious, clingy, or stubborn. Some may develop separation related behaviours such as barking, whining, or destructive chewing. Their strong nose can also lead them into mischief if they are not well managed outdoors. Given the chance, some will follow an interesting scent and forget to check back with their owner, which is why recall training and safe, fenced areas are so valuable.

Despite these challenges, for many people the Welsh Springer Spaniel’s personality is exactly what they are looking for. The combination of loyalty, sensitivity, willingness to work, and generally kind nature makes this breed a rewarding companion for owners who are prepared to invest time and affection. The more a Welsh Springer feels part of the family’s daily life, the more they tend to shine.

Training & Exercise

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is an active working breed, and its training and exercise needs reflect that heritage. These dogs were bred to cover ground steadily in the field, searching for game and working closely with a handler. As a result, a simple daily walk is rarely enough to keep them satisfied, especially in their younger years. Without proper outlets for their energy and intelligence, they can become bored and inventive in ways that owners do not always appreciate.

In terms of physical exercise, a healthy adult Welsh Springer Spaniel usually benefits from at least one to two hours of activity spread throughout the day. This does not need to be intense running all the time. A good routine might combine:

• Brisk walks on varied terrain, such as woodland paths, fields, or trails.
• Off lead time in safe areas where the dog can explore, sniff, and choose its own pace.
• Retrieval games using balls or soft dummies to channel their natural retrieving instincts.
• Occasional swimming, which many Welsh Springers adore, especially in warmer weather.

Young puppies should not be over exercised, as their joints are still developing. Short, frequent outings combined with age appropriate play in the garden are better than long forced marches. As they grow, you can gradually increase duration and complexity, always watching for signs of fatigue.

When it comes to training, the Welsh Springer Spaniel generally responds very well to positive, reward based methods. They are intelligent and willing, but they also have a sensitive streak. Harsh corrections, shouting, or heavy handed handling can shut them down or make them anxious, which harms both their confidence and the bond with their owner. Calm, consistent guidance combined with rewards such as treats, toys, and praise tends to bring the best results.

Key training priorities for this breed include:

• Reliable recall, ideally starting from puppyhood and reinforced throughout life. Using a long line while you build recall in safe areas can help prevent bad habits.
• Loose lead walking, as many Welsh Springers are excited by the world and may pull if not taught a better pattern early.
• Calm behaviour in the house, especially learning to settle on a mat or bed rather than pacing or pestering when people are busy.
• Self control exercises such as “wait,” “leave it,” and polite greetings, which are helpful for a breed that enjoys people and activity.

The Welsh Springer Spaniel often excels in structured activities that use both body and brain. Owners who enjoy dog sports have many options. Activities such as agility, rally obedience, scent work, tracking, and gundog training can all suit this breed very well. Even if you never plan to work your dog in the field, basic gundog style exercises, such as hunting for hidden dummies or following a scent trail, can provide incredibly satisfying mental stimulation.

Many Welsh Springers particularly enjoy any job that allows them to use their nose. Scent work classes or informal scent games at home, like hiding treats around a room or garden, are an excellent way to tire them out without overdoing physical exercise. This is especially useful for dogs that are recovering from injury or older dogs that still crave mental challenges but cannot run as much as they used to.

Consistency is vital. A Welsh Springer Spaniel that sometimes gets away with ignoring a cue or jumping up to greet people will quickly learn that trying again might pay off. Clear rules, applied gently but firmly, help them understand what is expected. With this approach, their eagerness to work with you can turn into very reliable everyday behaviour. Many owners comment that while their Welsh Springer might have a mind of its own outdoors, at home and when trained kindly they are genuinely cooperative and eager to do the right thing.

Health

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is generally considered a robust and healthy breed, especially when bred thoughtfully and cared for well. However, like all purebred dogs, it is associated with certain health conditions that current and prospective owners should be aware of. Responsible breeders use health testing and careful selection to reduce risks, but no dog can be guaranteed to be entirely free of disease throughout its life.

One of the best known issues in the breed is hip dysplasia. This is a developmental condition where the hip joint does not form perfectly, which can lead to arthritis and pain later in life. Reputable breeders typically have their breeding dogs’ hips evaluated under official schemes, and they aim to breed from animals with good scores. For owners, keeping the dog at a healthy weight, avoiding excessive jumping when young, and providing steady, moderate exercise can help protect the joints.

Eye health is another important area. Conditions that can appear in spaniel breeds include various forms of inherited cataracts and other eye diseases that may affect vision. Many breed clubs encourage or require eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist at intervals, especially for breeding stock. When considering a puppy, it is sensible to ask whether the parents have current clear eye certificates and whether any known eye conditions have been seen in the lines.

Some Welsh Springer Spaniels may be prone to ear issues, largely because of their pendulous, feathered ears and love of water and mud. Moisture and debris can create an environment where infections flourish. Owners can help by checking the ears regularly, gently drying them after swimming, and seeking veterinary advice if there is redness, bad smell, or head shaking.

Other conditions that may be seen include:

• Epilepsy in some lines, which can range from mild to more severe.
• Autoimmune disorders in rare cases, which may affect the skin, blood, or other systems.
• Hypothyroidism in some individuals, which can lead to lethargy, weight gain, and coat changes.

It is important to remember that not every Welsh Springer will develop these problems. Many live long, healthy lives with only routine veterinary care. Average life expectancy is often around 12 to 14 years, with some individuals reaching older ages, especially when kept lean, fit, and well cared for.

Prospective owners should feel comfortable discussing health with breeders. Questions worth asking include:

• Which health tests have been carried out on the parents, and may I see the results?
• Have any significant health issues occurred in close relatives such as siblings or grandparents?
• What is the breeder’s approach to reducing health risks in their lines?

Good breeders are usually open about these topics and supportive throughout the dog’s life if any issues arise. For pet owners, regular veterinary check ups, appropriate vaccinations, parasite control, and dental care all contribute to long term wellbeing. Many Welsh Springer Spaniels dislike having their teeth brushed at first, but with slow introduction and rewards, a daily brushing routine can make a real difference to oral health as they age.

Nutrition also plays a role in health. A balanced diet that suits the dog’s age, activity level, and individual needs helps keep weight in check and supports overall condition. Because the breed can be food motivated, it is easy to give too many treats, especially during training. Using part of the daily food ration as training rewards, combined with regular body condition checks, helps prevent obesity, which otherwise increases the risk of joint disease and other problems.

In general, if you are prepared to work with a responsible breeder, invest in good preventative care, and keep your Welsh Springer Spaniel lean and active, you have every chance of sharing many healthy and fulfilling years together.

History & Origins

The Welsh Springer Spaniel has deep roots in the British Isles, and its history is closely tied to traditional hunting practices in Wales. Spaniels as a type have existed for many centuries, originally used to find and flush game birds for nets, falcons, or early firearms. Over time, different regional types developed, shaped by local terrain, quarry, and hunter preferences. The Welsh Springer is one of these regional types that eventually became a distinct breed in its own right.

The breed’s ancestors were likely red and white spaniel type dogs found throughout Wales and parts of western Britain. These dogs were valued for their steady, methodical working style and their ability to cope with the often wet, rough, and hilly terrain. Unlike some of the faster and flashier spaniels that were later developed, the Welsh Springer was prized for reliability, endurance, and close cooperation with the handler.

The word “Springer” reflects the traditional role of the breed in the field. These dogs were used to “spring” or flush game birds such as pheasant and partridge from cover so that hunters could shoot them. After the shot, the same dog might be expected to retrieve the bird gently to hand. This dual role required a combination of drive, control, and soft mouth, all qualities that good Welsh Springer Spaniels still display today in working homes and field trials.

As dog showing became popular in the 19th century and kennel clubs began to record pedigrees, there was increasing interest in defining and preserving distinct breeds. The Welsh Springer Spaniel was recognized as separate from the English Springer Spaniel, not only in color but also in type and character. The rich red and white coat pattern became a hallmark of the breed, distinguishing it from other spaniels that might have liver, black, or tricolour markings.

Throughout the 20th century, the Welsh Springer Spaniel remained less numerically common than some related gundog breeds. In some ways, this has helped preserve the breed’s traditional working ability and moderate appearance, although it has also meant that the breed has never become widely known outside gundog and enthusiast circles. Dedicated breeders and clubs in Wales, the United Kingdom, and across Europe and beyond have worked to maintain both the working and companion qualities of the dog.

Today, the Welsh Springer Spaniel is still used as a practical gundog in its homeland and in other countries where upland and rough shooting remain popular. It competes in field trials and working tests, demonstrating the original skills for which it was developed. At the same time, it has found a strong place as a family companion and versatile sport dog. You can find Welsh Springers taking part in obedience, agility, rally, tracking, scent work, and other dog sports, as well as simply enjoying an active outdoor life with their families.

Despite its long history, the Welsh Springer Spaniel is considered a relatively rare breed in many parts of the world. This rarity can be a double edged sword. On one hand, it often means breeders know each other and can work together for the breed’s welfare. On the other hand, it can make finding a puppy or adult dog more difficult and may involve waiting lists and travel. For those who do choose to share their life with a Welsh Springer, the sense of connection to a long and distinctive tradition is often part of the breed’s appeal.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Welsh Springer Spaniel is a rewarding experience for people who enjoy an active lifestyle and value a close, cooperative relationship with their dog. However, it is not a “put in the garden and forget” breed. These dogs thrive when they are involved in daily family life, given meaningful exercise, and offered mental challenges. Before bringing one home, it is worth thinking honestly about how well their needs fit your routines.

In day to day life, many owners describe their Welsh Springer as a gentle indoor companion and a lively outdoor adventurer. At home, they often settle close to their people, sometimes choosing a spot where they can see several family members at once. They tend to follow you from room to room, quietly keeping you in sight. This behaviour feels touching and loyal, but it also shows how strongly they depend on human company. A household where everyone is out all day and evenings are frequently busy away from home may not suit this breed.

Time commitment is significant. On most days, you should plan for at least:

• Morning and evening walks or active outings, plus shorter toilet breaks.
• A few training or play sessions, which may be short but focused.
• Some relaxed time together, such as grooming, cuddling on the sofa, or simply being in the same room.

Annual costs vary by country and lifestyle, but it is sensible to budget for quality food, routine veterinary care, vaccinations or titer testing, parasite prevention, grooming tools, training classes, and possibly pet insurance. Many owners also invest in dog sports, field training, or holidays that include the dog. The initial purchase price of a Welsh Springer Spaniel puppy from a health tested, responsible breeder is only a small part of the financial picture over a lifetime.

Certain equipment makes living with a Welsh Springer easier and more enjoyable. Useful items often include:

• A secure, well fitting harness and comfortable flat collar with identification tags.
• A long line for safe recall training and controlled freedom in open areas.
• A sturdy bed in a quiet spot where the dog can rest undisturbed.
• Good quality brushes and a metal comb suitable for spaniel coats.
• Puzzle toys, food dispensing toys, and scent game equipment to keep the mind busy.
• A safe crate or indoor pen if you plan to crate train, which can help with house training and management.

A secure garden or yard is extremely helpful, as the breed’s nose and curiosity can tempt it to roam if given a chance. Fencing should be checked for gaps and reasonable height. Even well trained Welsh Springers can become very focused on a scent and forget their recall if they find a weak spot in the boundary.

Living conditions can be flexible as long as exercise needs are met. A Welsh Springer Spaniel can adapt to a flat or city home provided it has regular access to parks, countryside, or other safe spaces for off lead play and exploration. At the same time, simply moving to a house in the country is not enough if the dog is left alone in a garden with no structured interaction. The quality of time together matters more than the size of the property.

Prospective owners should also think about grooming and mess. This is a dog that enjoys mud, water, and brambles. You may find yourself regularly wiping paws, drying ears, and cleaning floors, especially in wet seasons. A small grooming station near the door, with towels, a shallow tub or shower access, and hooks for leads, can make daily routines smoother.

Finally, the emotional side of living with a Welsh Springer Spaniel should not be overlooked. This breed’s sensitivity means it picks up on the atmosphere at home. Calm, predictable handling and kindness usually produce a confident, happy dog. Homes where tempers flare frequently or where discipline swings between very strict and very indulgent can confuse a Welsh Springer and lead to stress related behaviours. Consistent routines, clear but gentle boundaries, and plenty of praise when the dog gets it right are the keys to a harmonious relationship.

For many families and individuals, the commitment is well worth it. In return for your time, energy, and affection, the Welsh Springer Spaniel offers years of companionship, fun, and shared adventures. If you enjoy walking in all weathers, are interested in training and games, and are looking for a dog that truly wants to be part of your life, this breed can be a uniquely satisfying choice.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the temperament of a Welsh Springer Spaniel like at home and with family?

This breed is typically gentle, affectionate, and strongly people oriented. They tend to bond very closely with their family and often follow their owners from room to room. With proper socialization they are friendly but can be a little reserved with strangers compared with some other spaniels. They generally do well with respectful children and enjoy being part of daily activities.

How much exercise does a Welsh Springer Spaniel need each day?

They are an active gundog and usually need at least 60 to 90 minutes of physical exercise every day, plus mental stimulation. Off lead running in a secure area, structured walks, and scent based games suit them well. Without enough activity, they may become restless, vocal, or prone to unwanted behaviors such as chewing.

How is a Welsh Springer Spaniel different from an English Springer Spaniel?

They are generally smaller, more compact, and come only in red and white, while the English variety has more size and color variation. Their temperament tends to be a bit more reserved and steady rather than exuberant. The Welsh breed has a long history as an all purpose flushing spaniel in Wales and is usually less common and less widely bred than the English type.

Are Welsh Springer Spaniels good apartment dogs?

They can live in an apartment if their exercise and mental needs are met very reliably every day. However, they are energetic working dogs that usually thrive in homes with easy access to safe outdoor space. Prospective owners in smaller homes should be prepared for frequent walks, training sessions, and enrichment to prevent boredom.

What health problems are Welsh Springer Spaniels prone to?

They are generally robust but can be predisposed to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and some eye conditions such as cataracts and glaucoma. Epilepsy and autoimmune thyroid disease are also reported in the breed. Responsible breeders usually screen for joint and eye issues and track hereditary conditions in their lines. Regular veterinary checks help detect problems early.

How much grooming does a Welsh Springer Spaniel’s coat require?

The silky, medium length coat needs brushing several times a week to prevent tangles and remove loose hair, especially on the ears, feathering, and tail. Trimming of the feet, ears, and some feathering is often done to keep them neat and to reduce debris catching in the coat. They shed moderately and may need more frequent brushing during seasonal coat changes. Regular ear checks are important because the drop ears can trap moisture and dirt.

Are Welsh Springer Spaniels suitable for first time dog owners?

They can be a good choice for committed first time owners who enjoy training and outdoor activity. Their sensitive nature means they respond best to calm, consistent, reward based methods and can become stressed by harsh handling. Because they need significant daily exercise and company, they are not ideal for very busy households that are often away from home.

Do Welsh Springer Spaniels get along well with other dogs and pets?

With early and ongoing socialization they generally get along well with other dogs and often enjoy canine company. Many live peacefully with cats if raised together, although they retain a strong hunting instinct and may chase small, fast moving animals outdoors. Managing introductions and supervising interactions is important, particularly with small pets.

How easy is it to train a Welsh Springer Spaniel and what are common training challenges?

They are intelligent and eager to please, which usually makes training productive when it is structured and positive. Their strong nose and hunting drive can make them easily distracted by scents, especially off lead, so recall and impulse control need early, consistent work. They also dislike repetitive, boring drills and learn best when sessions are varied and rewarding.

How much barking and separation anxiety are typical in Welsh Springer Spaniels?

They are not usually excessive barkers, but many will alert bark and may vocalize if under stimulated. Because they form close attachments, they can be prone to separation related stress if left alone for long periods without preparation. Gradual alone time training, sufficient exercise, and mental enrichment help reduce the risk of problem barking or anxiety when the owner is away.

Sources

• The Welsh Springer Spaniel Club of UK
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Norsk Kennel Klub (Norwegian Kennel Club)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)