Dutch Schapendoes

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Cheerful Dutch herding dog with a lively, bouncy movement and plenty of character
• Shaggy, tousled coat that protects from weather and dirt, but needs regular grooming to stay healthy
• Very people focused, playful, and affectionate, usually great with children when well socialized
• Intelligent and eager to learn, but can be independent and easily bored without enough mental activity
• Originally bred as a versatile farm dog and sheep herder, today the Dutch Schapendoes shines in dog sports and as an active family companion

Appearance & Coat

The Dutch Schapendoes is a medium sized herding dog with a light, springy build that allows it to move quickly and change direction with ease. At first glance, people often notice the long, shaggy coat that gives this breed its charming, somewhat windswept appearance. Under that coat there is a well proportioned, athletic dog that is built to work all day in the fields without tiring too easily.

An adult Schapendoes usually stands about 40 to 47 centimeters at the shoulder and feels surprisingly light on the leash for its size. The body is slightly longer than the height, with a flexible back and a deep chest that shows good lung capacity. The head is fairly broad with expressive, dark eyes that often disappear partly behind a fringe of hair. The ears are medium sized, set fairly high, and hang close to the head, covered with long hair that adds to the breed’s soft and friendly expression. The tail is long, richly coated, and carried high and waving when the dog is excited or in motion.

The coat is one of the most distinctive features of the Dutch Schapendoes. It is long, abundant, and slightly wavy with a fairly dry texture that helps it repel dirt and moisture. The undercoat is soft and dense, which gives good insulation against both cold and heat, although very high temperatures still call for care. The hair can form a sort of tousled mop over the head and body, and some dogs develop a noticeable beard and moustache, which many owners find irresistible.

Colors are varied, which adds to the charm of the breed. Most Schapendoes are some shade of blue grey, white with grey or black patches, or other combinations of white and darker colors. Solid black or dark colored dogs also occur, and slight variations are all accepted as long as the overall impression is that of a natural, rustic working dog.

Although the coat looks wild and carefree, it does need regular attention to avoid problems. A typical pet Schapendoes should be brushed thoroughly at least two or three times a week. Brushing helps prevent mats, especially behind the ears, in the armpits, and around the hindquarters where friction is highest. When the undercoat is changing in spring and autumn, daily brushing may be needed to remove loose hair and keep the skin healthy. Many owners use a combination of a pin brush and a metal comb, working gently all the way down to the skin in sections so that no knots are left hidden.

Bathing can be done when the dog is truly dirty or smelly, but not too often, since frequent shampooing can strip the coat of its natural protective oils. Always use a mild dog shampoo and rinse thoroughly. The Schapendoes does not usually need trimming of the coat, apart from tidying between the pads of the feet and sometimes a little neatening under the tail. The rustic, natural look is part of the breed’s charm, so heavy scissoring is discouraged.

On top of coat care, owners should pay attention to nails, ears, and teeth. Nails that are too long can affect the dog’s movement, so check and trim regularly. The hanging ears benefit from a weekly check to make sure there is no redness, bad smell, or excessive wax. Teeth brushing several times per week helps keep gums healthy and reduces tartar build up. With a simple but steady grooming routine, the Dutch Schapendoes will stay comfortable and look its best without needing a salon style approach.

Temperament & Personality

The Dutch Schapendoes is often described as cheerful, lively, and full of fun. This is a dog that tends to greet life with curiosity and enthusiasm rather than reserve. Owners usually talk about how much their Schapendoes seems to enjoy being part of every family activity, whether that means helping in the garden, going on a walk, or simply following people from room to room at home.

As a former herding and farm dog, the Schapendoes is very people oriented. Historically, these dogs worked closely with shepherds and farmers, so they are naturally tuned in to human behavior and body language. In a modern home, this translates into a dog that wants to be near its family and often forms strong bonds with all household members, not just one favorite person. Most are affectionate without being clingy, although some individuals can be quite attached and may struggle if left alone too long.

With children, the Dutch Schapendoes is usually playful and patient, especially when raised with them from puppyhood. The breed enjoys games, running, and general silliness, which makes it a popular companion for active kids. At the same time, it is important to teach children how to treat a dog respectfully, for example no pulling on the coat or chasing the dog when it wants to rest. Supervision is wise with very young children, not because the Schapendoes is typically aggressive, but because its enthusiasm can lead to accidental bumps or knocked over toddlers.

Around other dogs, this breed is generally sociable and friendly if properly socialized. The Schapendoes tends to communicate clearly with body language and play bows, which helps it get along in dog parks and group walks. Some may show a bit of herding style behavior such as circling or encouraging movement during play, but this is usually good natured rather than pushy. With smaller pets such as cats, many Schapendoes can live peacefully, especially if they grow up together. Their herding instinct focuses more on grouping and following than on predatory chasing, although individual differences always exist, so introductions should be gradual and supervised.

One of the strongest traits of this breed is its intelligence combined with a touch of independence. The Dutch Schapendoes tends to be quick to observe, quick to learn, and always ready for a mental challenge. At the same time, it has its own ideas and can question a command if it does not see the point. This is part of the charm for many owners, but it can also be a challenge. If training is repetitive or too harsh, the dog may switch off or start to invent its own entertainment, which is often less appreciated.

Common temperament challenges include:

• Sensitivity to tone of voice and unfair handling
• Tendency to bark as an alert dog when people approach the home
• Restlessness or mild destructive behavior if exercise and mental stimulation are lacking

The Schapendoes is a good watchdog in the sense that it will usually let you know when someone comes to the door or when something unusual happens. Most individuals are not guard dogs by nature and are unlikely to show serious aggression, but early socialization is essential to ensure that this alertness does not turn into excessive nervousness around strangers.

Overall, the Dutch Schapendoes is best described as a devoted, animated, and flexible companion with a big heart. It thrives in homes where it can be part of daily life, with people who enjoy its lively presence and are willing to guide its intelligence and enthusiasm in positive ways. With the right balance of training, exercise, and affection, this breed usually becomes a joyful and deeply connected member of the family.

Training & Exercise

The Dutch Schapendoes was bred to work long hours in the fields, often thinking and reacting independently to moving flocks and changing conditions. This heritage strongly shapes how the breed responds to training and exercise today. Owners who understand this background usually find it easier to create a training routine that keeps their dog engaged and content.

In terms of activity level, the Schapendoes is an energetic dog but not usually hyperactive. It needs a good balance of physical exercise and mental work each day. For most adult dogs, that means at least one to two hours of combined activity that could include brisk walks, off leash running in safe areas, and structured play. Young dogs and particularly sporty individuals may need even more. The goal is not only to tire the body, but also to satisfy the brain, which is just as active.

Suitable forms of exercise include:

• Daily walks that allow sniffing and exploring, not just marching along the pavement
• Off leash play in secure fields or dog parks, including games of fetch or short recall sessions
• Hiking, jogging on soft ground, or running alongside a bicycle once the dog is fully grown and joints are mature
• Interactive play at home, such as tug with rules, hide and seek, or searching for hidden treats

Training a Dutch Schapendoes works best with positive methods. This breed responds well to rewards, whether that means small treats, toys, or enthusiastic praise. Short, varied training sessions help keep the dog’s interest. Many owners use a mix of basic obedience, tricks, and practical life skills so that training feels like a game rather than a chore. Because the Schapendoes is sensitive, harsh corrections or raised voices can easily damage trust and make the dog hesitant.

Early socialization is very important. A well raised Schapendoes puppy should meet friendly people of different ages, calm dogs, and a variety of environments such as town streets, forests, busy paths, and quiet parks. This builds confidence and helps prevent fear based reactions later in life. Enrolling in a good puppy class can be useful, both for the dog’s social skills and for helping the owner understand how to work with the breed’s clever mind.

The Dutch Schapendoes truly shines in dog sports and other structured activities. Many individuals excel in:

• Agility, where their light build and bouncy movement allow quick, accurate runs
• Obedience and rally obedience, thanks to their focus and love of teamwork
• Herding trials, which let them use their natural instinct in a controlled way
• Canine freestyle or trick training, where their expressive style and eagerness entertain everyone

Even if you do not plan to compete, using ideas from these sports at home can enrich your dog’s life. Simple obstacle courses in the garden, homemade scent games with hidden items, or practicing new tricks every week can make a big difference to a Schapendoes that might otherwise become bored.

Because of their intelligence, Dutch Schapendoes can sometimes show creative misbehavior when under stimulated. This might include rearranging cushions, barking at small movements outside, or inventing games that involve stealing socks. Rather than viewing this as stubbornness, it often helps to see it as a signal that the dog needs more structured outlets for its energy and problem solving drive.

As with all breeds, exercise for puppies must be balanced and age appropriate. Young Schapendoes should not be forced to run long distances or jump high obstacles while their bones and joints are still growing. Instead, focus on gentle play, controlled exploration, and basic training. As the dog matures, activity levels can gradually increase with guidance from your veterinarian or experienced breeder.

When approached with patience, creativity, and consistency, training and exercising a Dutch Schapendoes is a rewarding journey. The breed’s quick mind and desire to work with its people create a deep partnership that often makes owners feel they are communicating with an intelligent friend rather than simply commanding a pet.

Health

The Dutch Schapendoes is generally considered a robust and healthy breed, especially when compared to some more heavily built or extreme looking dogs. Its moderate size, natural structure, and working origins contribute positively to overall health. However, like all breeds, the Schapendoes has certain conditions that potential owners and breeders should be aware of and monitor carefully.

One of the main health focuses in the breed is hip health. Hip dysplasia, a developmental problem of the hip joint, can occur in Schapendoes, as in many medium and large breeds. Responsible breeders usually screen their breeding dogs through official hip scoring schemes. For owners, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding excessive jumping or hard impact exercise in young dogs, and providing regular, moderate activity can all help support joint health.

Eye health is another area of attention. Some hereditary eye conditions, including cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy, have been reported in the breed. Reputable breeders typically have their dogs examined by veterinary ophthalmologists according to their national kennel club recommendations. For pet owners, it is wise to watch for any signs of vision problems such as bumping into objects, reluctance to go out in low light, or unusual eye redness and seek veterinary advice promptly.

Other issues that may be discussed within the breed community include:

• Patellar luxation, where the kneecap may slip out of place in some individuals
• Autoimmune or hormonal problems in rare cases
• Allergies or skin irritation, sometimes linked to environment or diet rather than genetics alone

Routine veterinary care forms the foundation of a healthy life for any Schapendoes. Regular checkups once or twice a year help catch subtle changes early, from weight gain to dental tartar or small lumps. Vaccinations, parasite control, and dental care all contribute to long term wellbeing. Many dogs benefit from professional dental cleaning at intervals recommended by their veterinarian, especially if home brushing is inconsistent.

The typical lifespan of a Dutch Schapendoes is often around 12 to 14 years, with some individuals living even longer when well cared for. Quality of life in the senior years depends heavily on maintaining good body condition and joint mobility from early on. A balanced diet that matches the dog’s age, activity level, and health status is essential. Owners should be cautious about overfeeding, since extra weight places unnecessary strain on joints and can increase the risk of diabetes and other diseases.

Before obtaining a Schapendoes puppy, it is wise to ask the breeder about health tests performed on both parents. In many countries, recommended tests include:

• Hip evaluation through official hip scoring or OFA style grading
• Eye examinations by a certified specialist at regular intervals
• Sometimes genetic tests, depending on national breed club guidelines

A breeder who is open, willing to share test results, and happy to discuss health strengths and vulnerabilities in their lines is usually a positive sign. Health in a breed is never only about tests, but also about careful selection, avoiding close inbreeding, and prioritizing overall soundness and temperament.

For current owners, preventative care also includes small daily habits. Keeping nails trimmed reduces stress on toes and joints. Providing non slippery flooring or rugs in the home can help older or joint sensitive dogs move confidently. Stairs and cars may need ramps for senior Schapendoes so that they do not need to jump. Gentle exercise such as regular walks and, when possible, swimming helps keep muscles strong without overloading the joints.

In summary, the Dutch Schapendoes is not considered a high risk breed in terms of health, but responsible breeding and thoughtful everyday care make a real difference. With sensible exercise, a good diet, routine checkups, and attention to joint and eye health, most Schapendoes enjoy long, happy, and active lives alongside their families.

History & Origins

The Dutch Schapendoes has its roots in the rural landscapes of the Netherlands, where it developed as a practical working dog rather than a show dog. The name itself reflects its role. In Dutch, “schap” relates to sheep and “does” can be understood as a farm dog or small working dog. Together, the name describes a versatile sheepdog that was a familiar sight around flocks and farms.

Before modern breeds were formally registered, many European countries had local types of herding dogs that shared similar purposes but varied in appearance from region to region. In the Netherlands, the Schapendoes belonged to this group of all purpose farm helpers. These dogs needed to be agile, intelligent, and able to work with limited direction, guiding and driving sheep, warning of strangers, and sometimes helping with other daily farm tasks. Their thick, weather resistant coats protected them from wind, rain, and rough vegetation in fields and heathlands.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, as agriculture changed and more specialized breeds were imported and promoted, many traditional local farm dogs began to disappear. In the case of the Schapendoes, the introduction of other herding breeds, including the Border Collie, contributed to a decline in numbers. By the time of the Second World War, the Dutch Schapendoes was at risk of vanishing completely as a distinct type.

The revival of the breed is often credited to a small group of enthusiasts who recognized its value and charm. After the war, they searched for remaining dogs that still showed the typical Schapendoes characteristics in terms of coat, movement, and working style. Through careful selection and breeding, they gradually rebuilt the population and moved toward official recognition. The Dutch kennel club eventually acknowledged the Schapendoes as a separate breed, and international recognition through organizations such as the FCI followed later.

Although the modern Dutch Schapendoes is still influenced by its herding heritage, the role of the breed has naturally evolved. Today, while some individuals still work with sheep or participate in herding trials, many more live as beloved family companions and participate in a wide range of canine activities. Their intelligence and athleticism have made them popular in agility and obedience, and their friendly, outgoing nature suits therapy and visiting roles when properly trained.

In the Netherlands, the breed remains closely associated with national canine culture. Breed clubs there and in other countries work together to maintain genetic diversity, health, and the characteristic appearance and temperament of the Schapendoes. Because the breed is still relatively rare in many parts of the world, breeders often know each other and share an interest in preserving both working ability and family suitability.

Modern Schapendoes dogs still display many traits that would have been valued by shepherds generations ago. They tend to move with a light, bouncing trot and have an excellent sense of where their people and other animals are around them. Their curiosity and quick reactions can be seen in daily life, whether that means neatly guiding children in the garden or gently encouraging everyone to stay together on a walk. In this way, the past purpose of the Dutch Schapendoes continues to shape its modern role, blending history and present day companionship into a unique and appealing package.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Dutch Schapendoes is usually a joyful experience, but it also requires a real commitment of time, energy, and attention. This is not a dog that is content to be left alone in a corner or to live a life of short toilet walks and nothing more. Before bringing a Schapendoes into your home, it helps to have a clear understanding of what daily life with this breed looks like.

In a typical household, a Schapendoes will want to be involved in everything. Morning routines often start with an enthusiastic greeting, followed by a desire to join you in the garden or on the first walk of the day. Many individuals like to settle near their people while they work at a desk or relax on the sofa, always ready to spring into action if something interesting happens, such as the sound of the leash being picked up or a visitor arriving.

The ideal home for a Dutch Schapendoes is one where people are active and enjoy spending time outdoors. A garden is helpful but not absolutely essential, as long as the dog receives sufficient walks and playtime. City living is possible if there is good access to parks or safe open areas and the owner commits to regular outings. In rural or suburban settings, the breed often thrives with room to explore, always under supervision, of course, since even a well behaved dog can be tempted by wildlife or passing cyclists.

Time commitment is a key consideration. Daily needs typically include:

• At least one longer walk and one or two shorter outings
• Regular training sessions, even if brief, to maintain skills and mental sharpness
• Grooming several times per week to keep the coat free of mats
• Social contact and play, both with family members and, where suitable, with other dogs

For people who are out of the house for very long working days, the breed may not be the best choice unless reliable arrangements are made, such as a dog walker, dog day care, or a family member at home. Without adequate company and stimulation, a Schapendoes can become bored, frustrated, and vocal.

Financially, owning a Dutch Schapendoes involves similar costs to other medium sized breeds. Yearly expenses usually include:

• Quality dog food appropriate for the dog’s age and activity level
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, parasite prevention, and dental checks
• Pet insurance or a savings plan to cover unexpected health issues
• Grooming tools, or occasional professional grooming if the owner prefers assistance
• Training classes, sports club fees, and equipment, depending on how active you are with dog sports

Over the dog’s lifetime, especially during the first year with puppy vaccinations, spaying or neutering if chosen, and initial purchases of equipment, costs can be higher. It is wise to plan a realistic budget that also leaves room for emergencies.

Useful equipment for living comfortably with a Schapendoes includes:

• A comfortable bed in a quiet spot, plus perhaps a second resting place near the family’s main activity area
• A secure harness and sturdy leash, with a long line for safe recall practice in open spaces
• A good quality brush and metal comb suitable for long, double coated breeds
• Nail clippers or a grinder, and dog specific shampoo for occasional baths
• Food and water bowls that are easy to clean, plus storage for dry food
• Interactive toys, such as puzzle feeders or treat dispensing balls, and safe chews for mental enrichment

Because of the dog’s shaggy coat, it can be helpful to have washable throws or covers for furniture and car seats, especially during wet weather or shedding periods. Many owners keep a small grooming station near the entrance of the home so they can quickly towel dry and brush through the coat after muddy walks.

On the emotional side, living with a Dutch Schapendoes often brings a strong sense of companionship. These dogs tend to be expressive and communicative, using their eyes, body language, and gentle vocal sounds to interact with their people. They notice routines quickly and may remind you if you are late with a walk or training game. In return, they expect to be included and treated as a valued member of the household.

For first time dog owners, the Schapendoes can be a good choice if they are prepared to learn, seek guidance from their breeder or trainer, and invest time in consistent training and socialization. For experienced owners who enjoy active lifestyles or dog sports, the breed can be a perfect partner. In both cases, the rewards are great. With proper care and attention, the Dutch Schapendoes usually grows into a loving, spirited, and loyal friend who brings life and laughter to every day.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of temperament does the Dutch Schapendoes have with family and strangers?

This is a cheerful, people-oriented herding dog that tends to bond closely with its family and is usually affectionate and playful at home. With strangers, it is often reserved or cautious rather than outgoing but should not be fearful or aggressive when well socialized. Many retain a lively sense of humor and can be quite clownish once they feel secure.

How much exercise does a Dutch Schapendoes really need each day?

Originally bred as a tireless sheep herder, this breed needs at least 60 to 90 minutes of physical exercise daily, plus mental challenges. Off-leash running in safe areas, herding-style games, agility, or long hikes suit them well. Without adequate outlets, they can become noisy, restless, or prone to nuisance behaviors.

Is the Dutch Schapendoes suitable for apartment living or city life?

It can adapt to apartment or urban living if its exercise and mental needs are met very consistently. Daily long walks, active play, and regular off-leash time in secure areas are essential. Because it is often alert and vocal, soundproofing and good training for quiet behavior are important in shared buildings.

How difficult is grooming a Dutch Schapendoes and how often should it be brushed?

The long, shaggy coat is designed to be weather-resistant and should look natural rather than sculpted, but it requires regular care. Most owners need to brush thoroughly two to three times a week to prevent matting, with particular attention to the ears, armpits, and hindquarters. Dirt usually falls out once the coat dries, and frequent bathing is not necessary unless the dog is very dirty.

Does the Dutch Schapendoes shed a lot?

Shedding is moderate and often less noticeable than in many short-coated breeds because loose hairs stay trapped in the long coat until brushed out. Regular grooming keeps shedding manageable and prevents tangles. Seasonal coat changes can increase hair loss for a few weeks each year.

What health problems are most common in the Dutch Schapendoes?

Overall, this is considered a relatively healthy breed, but it can be affected by issues such as hip dysplasia, eye disorders, and some autoimmune conditions. Responsible breeders usually screen for hip and eye problems and monitor family lines for emerging concerns. Routine veterinary checks, weight control, and appropriate exercise are important for keeping joints and eyes healthy over time.

How well does a Dutch Schapendoes get along with children and other dogs?

Most individuals are friendly and playful with children, particularly when they have grown up together and the children respect the dog's space. Their herding background can sometimes lead to attempts to nudge or circle running kids, which should be guided with training. They generally do well with other dogs when properly socialized, though some may be wary at first.

Is the Dutch Schapendoes very vocal or prone to barking?

This breed is typically quick to sound the alarm and can be quite vocal if bored or under-stimulated. Early training to respond to quiet cues and providing enough activity reduces nuisance barking. Its natural watchdog tendencies are part of the breed character, so complete silence is unrealistic for most individuals.

How intelligent is the Dutch Schapendoes and what kind of training works best?

It is an intelligent, quick-learning herder that enjoys problem-solving and often anticipates its handler's wishes. Positive, reward-based methods with variety and short, engaging sessions work best, as repetitive drills can lead to boredom and independent behavior. Mental enrichment such as scent work, trick training, or herding-style games helps channel its brainpower constructively.

What type of owner or home is best for a Dutch Schapendoes?

This breed fits best with active owners who enjoy outdoor activities and are willing to invest daily time in training and interaction. It thrives in homes where it can be part of everyday family life rather than kept in a kennel or left alone for long hours. People who appreciate a slightly independent, clever dog with a rustic look often find it a rewarding companion.

Sources

• Dutch Schapendoes Club of the Netherlands
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Société Centrale Canine (France)
• Deutsche Kynologische Gesellschaft (Germany)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (Denmark)