Scottish Terrier

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Small, sturdy terrier with a big personality and a famously dignified “thinking” expression
• Originally bred in Scotland to hunt vermin and go to ground after foxes and badgers
• Distinctive long head, prick ears, and short legs with a powerful, low-slung body
• Loyal and devoted to their family, but often reserved or aloof with strangers
• Weather-resistant double coat that requires regular hand stripping or professional grooming to maintain its characteristic outline

Appearance & Coat

The Scottish Terrier is one of those breeds that people recognize instantly, even if they cannot quite name it. Often called the “Scottie,” this dog has a compact, sturdy body carried close to the ground, with short but strong legs and a surprisingly deep chest. Although small in height, the breed gives a powerful, substantial impression, more like a heavyweight packed into a small frame than a delicate little dog.

Adult Scottish Terriers usually stand around 25 to 28 centimeters at the shoulder, with weight often falling in the 8 to 10 kilogram range, depending on sex and overall build. The body is longer than it is tall, with well-sprung ribs and a pronounced forechest that gives the Scottie its characteristic silhouette from the side. The topline is level, the back is strong, and the hindquarters are muscular, which helps them drive forward with purpose despite their short legs.

The head is one of the defining features of the Scottish Terrier. It is long in proportion to the body, finishing in a strong, blunt muzzle with a powerful jaw. The dark, almond-shaped eyes give a keen and intelligent expression, sometimes with a touch of mischief. The small, pointed ears stand upright and alert, adding to the sharp, alert look of the breed. The tail is of moderate length, thick at the base and carried proudly, never curled over the back.

Coat texture is crucial in this breed. The Scottish Terrier has a double coat, with a harsh, wiry outer layer and a soft, dense undercoat that provides insulation against cold and wet weather. When correctly groomed, the coat lies close to the body on the back and sides, while the furnishings on the legs, beard, and eyebrows give the Scottie its distinctive “skirted” appearance. Coat colors include solid black, wheaten (ranging from pale cream to rich golden), and brindle in various shades.

From a practical standpoint, coat care is an important part of living with a Scottish Terrier. This is not a wash-and-go breed. To keep the coat in good condition and maintain the correct texture, hand stripping is strongly recommended. This involves removing dead outer coat by hand or with a stripping knife so that new, harsh hair can grow in. Many pet owners choose to use a professional groomer familiar with terriers, ideally every 8 to 12 weeks, especially if they want to preserve the classic Scottie outline.

At home, regular brushing several times a week helps prevent tangles in the furnishings around the legs, chest, and beard. The beard in particular can collect food and water, so gentle daily combing and wiping is helpful. If the coat is clipped instead of stripped, it will often become softer and more prone to matting, which can be fine for a pet household but does change the traditional texture. Nails should be trimmed regularly, and ears and teeth checked as part of a routine grooming schedule. With consistent care, the Scottish Terrier always looks like a neat, smart little dog, even when just relaxing at home.

Temperament & Personality

Living with a Scottish Terrier is a bit like sharing your home with a small, opinionated statesman. They are full of character, confident, and somewhat independent, yet deeply loyal to the people they love. A well-bred and well-socialised Scottie is typically self-assured and steady, never nervous or excessively excitable. Many owners describe the breed as dignified and thoughtful, with sudden playful bursts that remind you they are still terriers at heart.

In the home, Scottish Terriers are devoted companions. They often form a particularly close bond with one person, although they usually accept and enjoy the whole family. They may follow their favorite person from room to room, quietly settling near them rather than constantly demanding attention. While affectionate, they are not usually clingy lapdogs. A Scottie may choose when and where to show affection, which can feel almost cat-like at times.

With children, the Scottish Terrier can be a loving and loyal friend, but there are some important conditions. This breed tends to prefer calm, respectful interaction. They may find rough handling or loud, unpredictable behavior stressful. For this reason, they are often better suited to families with slightly older children who understand how to treat a dog gently and who respect its space when it wants to rest. Early socialisation with children, along with careful supervision, helps set the right foundations.

Other dogs can be a mixed topic with Scottish Terriers. They are terriers, which means they carry a strong sense of self and may not appreciate being pushed around. Many live happily with other dogs, especially if raised together or introduced thoughtfully on neutral ground. However, some Scotties can be assertive, particularly with dogs of the same sex, and they do not usually tolerate persistent bullying from other dogs. Careful introductions and ongoing management are important, especially in busy dog parks.

Small pets like rabbits, rodents, and sometimes cats can trigger the breed’s natural hunting instincts. Remember that Scottish Terriers were developed to hunt vermin and go to ground after foxes. Even with early socialisation, many Scotties retain a strong prey drive. Some can live peaceably with a resident cat if introduced from a young age, but chasing behavior outdoors is very common, so owners should always be cautious.

Common temperament challenges include:

• Stubbornness or independence when asked to do things they consider uninteresting
• Strong reactions to movement, such as joggers, cyclists, or wildlife
• Territorial barking, especially from windows or garden fences
• A tendency to dig, particularly in soft soil or flowerbeds

Despite these challenges, the Scottish Terrier is not a hyperactive or chaotic breed indoors. Once mature, many are relatively calm in the house, so long as they receive appropriate mental and physical stimulation. They like to know the household rules and often thrive in homes where routines are clear and expectations are consistent. With fair, firm, and kind handling, the Scottie reveals a warm, humorous personality that wins over everyone who takes the time to understand the breed.

Training & Exercise

Training a Scottish Terrier requires patience, good humor, and respect for the breed’s independent nature. These dogs are intelligent, but they are not always eager to please in the same way as some working or sporting breeds. Instead of asking “What can I do for you?” a Scottie is more likely to think, “What is in it for me?” Understanding this mindset makes training more successful and less frustrating for both dog and owner.

Positive reinforcement is essential. Reward-based methods that use treats, toys, and praise work very well with this breed. Harsh corrections or physical punishment can quickly damage trust and make a Scottie shut down or become resistant. Short, varied training sessions are best, especially for young dogs. Many owners find that incorporating training into everyday activities, such as asking for a sit before meals or a recall during a walk, keeps the dog engaged without boredom.

Despite their slightly stubborn reputation, Scottish Terriers can learn a wide range of commands and tricks. Basic obedience such as sit, stay, down, and a reliable recall should be a priority. Because of their strong prey drive and tendency to chase, recall training deserves special attention. Starting in safe, enclosed areas and gradually building distractions helps set them up for success. Teaching a solid “leave it” and “wait” also helps manage hunting instincts and impulsive behavior.

In terms of exercise, the Scottish Terrier is active and energetic, but not in the same way as high-octane working breeds. They enjoy regular, moderate activity rather than endless running. Daily walks are important, ideally split into two or more outings. A young, healthy Scottie often benefits from at least an hour of combined activity per day, which can include:

• Brisk walks on lead
• Time exploring secure, fenced areas
• Scent games or searching for hidden treats
• Short training sessions mixed into play

Most Scottish Terriers are not natural distance runners or cycling companions, due to their structure and shorter legs. However, they do often enjoy energetic play such as fetching toys, chasing balls in the garden, or engaging in safe tug games. Because they love to use their nose, scent-based activities can be especially satisfying. Simple games like hiding treats around a room or in the garden and encouraging them to “find it” tap into their natural hunting instincts in a controlled way.

Dog sports can also suit the Scottish Terrier, as long as activities are adapted to their build. Some dogs enjoy low-impact agility, rally obedience, scent work, or earthdog-style activities that mimic their historical role in the field. These pursuits not only exercise the body but also give them a focus and sense of purpose.

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise. Puzzle feeders, interactive toys, and rotational enrichment can help prevent boredom. A bored Scottie may invent its own entertainment, which might include barking at every passerby or re-landscaping the garden. Providing structured outlets for their energy, combined with clear boundaries and consistent training, leads to a well-balanced dog that can relax calmly at home.

Overall, the key to training and exercise for a Scottish Terrier is balance. They do not require endless physical work, but they do need enough activity and mental challenge to stay content. Owners who approach training with patience, creativity, and a sense of humor are usually rewarded with a clever, characterful companion who enjoys learning and working alongside them in their own unique way.

Health

The Scottish Terrier is generally a sturdy, resilient breed, especially when carefully bred and well cared for, but like all purebred dogs, it has some health concerns that prospective owners should understand. Responsible breeders aim to reduce the risk of these conditions through health testing, thoughtful selection of breeding dogs, and close monitoring of their lines.

One important issue often discussed in the breed is Scottie Cramp. This is a hereditary neuromuscular condition that does not cause pain but affects movement under stress or excitement. Dogs with Scottie Cramp may show an exaggerated, stiff gait or bunny-hopping with the hindlegs during intense activity or when overexcited. While the condition is usually manageable and often mild, it can be alarming to see. Ethical breeders work to avoid producing affected dogs and should be willing to discuss this openly.

Other potential concerns include:

• Certain cancers, which appear to have a higher incidence in the breed compared with some others
• Skin problems, including sensitivities or allergies in some individuals
• Orthopedic issues such as patellar luxation in a minority of dogs
• Endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism in some lines

Responsible breeders make use of available health schemes and follow breed club recommendations. These may include veterinary examinations for eyes, patellas, and general soundness, as well as maintaining detailed health records on relatives and breeding stock. When speaking to a breeder, good questions to ask include:

• What health tests have the parents undergone?
• How long did previous generations live, and what did they die from?
• Are there known hereditary issues in the line, and how are they being managed?

Typical lifespan for a Scottish Terrier often ranges between 11 and 14 years, with some individuals living longer. Lifestyle, diet, exercise, and preventive healthcare all play significant roles in how long and how well a dog lives. Regular veterinary checkups, at least once a year for adults and more frequently for seniors, allow early detection of problems such as dental disease, heart issues, or subtle changes in weight and mobility.

Preventive care should include:

• Routine vaccinations based on local veterinary guidelines
• Year-round parasite control for fleas, ticks, and worms
• Dental care, either through brushing or professional cleaning when needed
• Weight management with a balanced diet and measured portions

Scottish Terriers can sometimes be prone to weight gain if overfed and under-exercised, which may put extra strain on their joints and overall health. Monitoring body condition and adjusting food intake as needed is a simple but vital part of care.

Because the breed is known for a slightly higher risk of certain cancers, owners should pay attention to any changes such as unexplained lumps, persistent lameness, weight loss, or changes in appetite or behavior. Early veterinary assessment is always better than waiting and hoping a symptom will disappear.

Finding a reputable breeder who is involved with breed clubs and follows health recommendations is one of the most effective steps a new owner can take to reduce the risk of serious health issues. Combined with attentive daily care, the Scottish Terrier can be a robust and active companion well into its senior years.

History & Origins

The Scottish Terrier has deep roots in the rugged landscapes of Scotland, where small, hardy terriers were used for centuries to control vermin and hunt underground quarry. These dogs needed to be brave, determined, and physically capable of going into burrows after foxes, badgers, and other pests. Their short but powerful legs, strong jaws, and weather-resistant coats suited the harsh climate and challenging terrain of the Scottish highlands and lowlands.

Early descriptions of Scottish earthdogs can be traced back several hundred years, although at that time they were not separated into distinct breeds as we know them today. A variety of rough-coated, short-legged terriers existed across Scotland, performing similar work on farms and estates. Over time, regional preferences and selective breeding for specific traits began to shape what would eventually become the modern Scottish Terrier.

By the 19th century, dog shows and organized breeding were becoming more established, and dedicated fanciers started to define and refine the different terrier varieties from Scotland. The Scottish Terrier emerged as a distinct type with its own identity, separate from other regional terriers such as the Skye Terrier and the West Highland White Terrier. Careful breeding fixed important features like the strong, long head, pricked ears, and compact, powerful body.

The breed was recognized by major kennel clubs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and its popularity grew steadily. The Scottie’s unique look, combined with its bold and independent character, attracted admirers far beyond its homeland. The breed became especially popular in Britain, continental Europe, and North America. Over time, the Scottish Terrier moved from a purely working role to a dual-purpose dog that could both work in the field and live as a valued household companion.

In the 20th century, the Scottish Terrier also gained a certain cultural and symbolic status. It appeared in advertising, art, and even as a favored pet of some public figures. Its distinctive silhouette, with prick ears and beard, became a recognizable image associated with sturdiness, loyalty, and a bit of tart Scottish character. Despite this move into the public eye, many breeders kept a strong focus on preserving the working qualities and sound structure of the breed.

Today, the Scottish Terrier is seldom used for serious hunting, although its instincts remain strong. Instead, the breed is primarily a companion dog, appearing in homes all over the world. Some individuals take part in activities that reflect their origins, such as earthdog trials or informal quarry work in suitable regions, but most enjoy a more relaxed life, with long walks, games in the garden, and a comfortable bed indoors.

Modern breed clubs and enthusiasts continue to protect the Scottish Terrier’s heritage by promoting responsible breeding, health testing, and education. The aim is to maintain the breed’s characteristic look and temperament, while ensuring it remains a healthy and functional dog. For many people, the appeal of the Scottish Terrier lies partly in this history. Owning a Scottie means sharing your life with a small piece of Scottish tradition, wrapped in a compact, bearded figure with a surprisingly large presence.

Living with the Breed

Bringing a Scottish Terrier into your home is a long-term commitment that combines joy, responsibility, and a certain amount of practical planning. These dogs may be small, but their personalities and needs are significant, and understanding this helps ensure a happy partnership.

Daily life with a Scottie often revolves around predictable routines, which the breed tends to enjoy. They like to know when walks happen, when meals arrive, and where they can rest undisturbed. A secure garden or outdoor space is very helpful, but it needs good fencing. Many Scottish Terriers are determined diggers and enthusiastic chasers, so gaps in fences or low barriers are an invitation to explore. If you value your flowerbeds, it is wise to provide a specific digging area or offer enough mental and physical alternatives to reduce their desire to excavate.

Indoors, the Scottish Terrier is usually calm once properly exercised and mentally engaged. They often choose a favorite spot where they can watch the household quietly. They appreciate comfortable, supportive bedding, as their compact, muscular bodies benefit from a good sleeping surface. Some owners like to provide:

• A sturdy bed in a quiet area for undisturbed rest
• A second bed or mat in a living space so the dog can be near the family
• A crate or den-like space, introduced positively, where the dog can retreat

In terms of equipment, a well-fitting harness or flat collar, a strong lead, and identification tags are essential. Because Scotties can be very focused when something catches their interest, a secure harness is often safer and more comfortable than relying only on a collar. Grooming tools such as a slicker brush, comb for the furnishings, and possibly a stripping knife (if you plan to learn hand stripping) are helpful for day-to-day coat care. Regular grooming appointments should be budgeted for if you prefer professional help.

Financially, owning a Scottish Terrier includes several recurring costs. These typically cover:

• Quality dog food suitable for their age, size, and activity level
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite treatments
• Grooming expenses every couple of months if using a professional groomer
• Pet insurance or a savings plan to cover unexpected health issues

While exact annual costs vary by region and lifestyle, it is sensible to plan for a moderate yearly budget that includes the possibility of veterinary emergencies. The Scottish Terrier is not the most expensive breed to feed or house, but grooming and healthcare should not be underestimated.

Time commitment is just as important as financial commitment. A Scottie needs regular walks, training sessions, and companionship. They are not ideal dogs for homes where everyone is out for long hours every day with no provision for dog care. Although they can cope with some alone time if introduced gradually, they thrive when they have regular contact and engagement with their family.

New owners should be prepared to:

• Invest time in early socialisation with people, dogs, different environments, and sounds
• Attend puppy classes or basic training courses to build communication and manners
• Continue training into adulthood, as the breed can go through stubborn phases
• Provide consistent rules and gentle leadership to help the dog feel secure

Scottish Terriers can adapt well to various living situations, including apartments, as long as their exercise and mental needs are met and they have opportunities to explore and sniff on walks. However, owners in close neighborhoods should be aware that Scotties can be vocal watchdogs. Early training to manage barking, along with good environmental management, is smart in shared living spaces.

For the right person or family, living with a Scottish Terrier is deeply rewarding. They bring a unique blend of independence, loyalty, humor, and quiet companionship. Their eyebrows and beard give them an expressive, sometimes comical face that reflects their strong character. With thoughtful preparation, ongoing care, and a willingness to appreciate them for what they are, the Scottish Terrier can be a cherished companion who shares your life with steadfast devotion and a distinctly Scottish charm.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a Scottish Terrier with family members and strangers?

This breed is usually deeply devoted to its own family, often forming a particularly strong bond with one person. With strangers it tends to be reserved, watchful and somewhat aloof rather than openly friendly. Many are good with polite children but do not enjoy rough handling or constant fussing.

Are Scottish Terriers good apartment dogs or do they need a yard?

They adapt well to apartment living because of their small size and moderate indoor activity level, provided they get daily walks and mental stimulation. A securely fenced yard is helpful but not essential. Off leash access must always be in safe, enclosed areas due to their strong chase instinct.

How much exercise does a Scottish Terrier really need?

Most adults do well with two brisk walks of 20 to 30 minutes a day plus some play and sniffing time. They are not endurance athletes but are sturdy and energetic in short bursts. Boredom can lead to barking or digging, so regular mental enrichment is as important as physical exercise.

What health problems are most common in Scottish Terriers?

This breed has an increased risk of certain cancers, particularly bladder cancer, as well as issues like allergies, skin problems and orthopedic concerns such as patellar luxation. Some may also develop a neurologic condition often called Scottie cramp. Responsible breeders screen breeding dogs and owners should plan for regular veterinary checkups and early investigation of urinary or skin changes.

How difficult is grooming a Scottish Terrier’s wiry coat?

The harsh outer coat and soft undercoat need regular brushing several times a week to prevent matting, especially on the beard and furnishings. To maintain the classic outline, many owners use a professional groomer every 6 to 8 weeks, often with hand stripping to preserve coat texture. Clipping is simpler but can soften the coat and change its appearance over time.

Do Scottish Terriers bark a lot or make good watchdogs?

They are naturally alert and vocal when they hear or see something unusual, which makes them effective watchdogs. Many individuals bark readily at noises, people passing the home or other animals. Early training and consistent rules are important to prevent nuisance barking while still allowing them to express their guarding instincts appropriately.

Are Scottish Terriers safe with cats and small pets?

They were developed as independent vermin hunters, so many have a strong prey drive toward small furry animals. Some can live peacefully with a resident cat if raised together and managed carefully, but chasing unfamiliar cats and small pets is common. Supervision and secure housing for smaller animals are essential in multi‑pet homes.

How trainable are Scottish Terriers and are they stubborn?

They are intelligent and learn quickly but often have an independent, self‑directed mindset. Many respond best to short, varied training sessions that use rewards and clear boundaries rather than repetition or harsh corrections. Consistency from an early age is key to preventing pushy or willful behavior.

What should I know about Scottish Terrier puppies before bringing one home?

Puppies are lively, bold and curious, and they benefit from early socialization to people, sounds and different environments to balance their natural wariness. Prospective owners should be prepared for a strong personality in a small body, including digging tendencies and a firm opinion on what they want. Finding a breeder who health tests and raises pups in a home environment is especially important for this breed.

Is a Scottish Terrier a good choice for first‑time dog owners?

They can be suitable for a committed first‑time owner who is ready to learn about terrier behavior and provide clear structure. Their independence, prey drive and grooming requirements can be challenging for someone seeking a very easygoing companion. New owners often benefit from working with a trainer familiar with terrier breeds.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Scottish Terrier Club of Great Britain
• Norwegian Kennel Club
• Société Centrale Canine (France)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (Denmark)