Dogue de Bordeaux

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Powerful French mastiff known for its enormous head and deep, expressive wrinkles
• Calm, affectionate family companion that often bonds especially closely with one person
• Naturally protective watchdog that relies more on presence and confidence than on barking
• Moderate exercise needs, but very high need for human closeness and emotional contact
• Short, easy coat, but heavy drooling and snoring are part of everyday life with a Dogue de Bordeaux

Appearance & Coat

The Dogue de Bordeaux is one of the most impressive and imposing dog breeds in the world. Despite the massive look, a good specimen should move with surprising agility and athleticism. Adults are solidly built, with powerful bone, a broad chest, and a strong, slightly rectangular body. Males typically stand around 60 to 68 centimeters at the shoulder, while females are a little smaller at about 58 to 66 centimeters. Weight varies greatly depending on sex and bloodline, but many adults weigh between 45 and 65 kilograms, sometimes more for large males. This is a dog that takes up space, both physically and in the home.

The most distinctive feature of the Dogue de Bordeaux is the head. It is very large in proportion to the body, with a short muzzle, deep stop, and prominent wrinkles on the forehead and cheeks. The skin on the head forms folds, especially when the dog is alert or concentrating. The lips are thick and loose, which contributes to the breed’s famous drooling. The eyes are oval, usually in shades of hazel to darker brown, with a serious but kind expression. The ears are relatively small compared to the head, set high, and lie close to the cheeks.

The coat is short, fine, and lies close to the body. It feels smooth to the touch, without feathering or undercoat tufts. Classic colors for the Dogue de Bordeaux are all shades of fawn, from light isabella to deeper mahogany. Some dogs have a black or brown mask, while others have no mask at all. Small patches of white on the chest and toes are accepted in many standards, but large white areas are not desirable in a typical pedigree dog of this breed.

Coat care for the Dogue de Bordeaux is straightforward, which is a relief for many owners when compared with long coated giants. A weekly brush with a rubber grooming mitt or soft bristle brush will remove loose hairs and keep the coat shiny. During seasonal shedding, which often happens once or twice a year, more frequent brushing helps keep hair off furniture and clothes. Bathing only needs to be done as required, for example when the dog is dirty or has a noticeable doggy smell. A mild dog shampoo is usually sufficient.

Although the coat is easy, wrinkles and facial folds need regular attention. Moisture and dirt can get trapped in the folds around the nose, eyes, and mouth. Gently wiping these areas with a soft, damp cloth and then drying them thoroughly helps prevent irritation and infections. The same goes for the lips and the area under the jaw, which can stay damp due to drool. Nail trimming, ear checks, and dental care should be part of a routine grooming schedule. Ear canals need to be kept dry and clean, and teeth brushed several times a week if possible, because large breeds can be prone to dental tartar.

The Dogue de Bordeaux is not suited to extreme heat. The short muzzle and heavy body make it difficult for them to cool down efficiently, so they should always have access to shade and fresh water. Their coat does not protect well against intense sun or freezing temperatures, so a cooling mat in summer and a warm, padded bed in winter are simple but important ways to keep this breed comfortable all year round.

Temperament & Personality

The Dogue de Bordeaux is often described as a gentle giant with a serious exterior and a surprisingly soft heart. In the home, many owners say they feel like they live with a calm, oversized shadow. This is a breed that likes to be close to its people, whether that means resting at your feet, leaning heavily against your leg, or trying to squeeze its large body onto the sofa beside you. Their emotional attachment is strong. Many form a particularly deep bond with one person, while still being affectionate and loyal to the whole family.

With children, a well bred and well socialized Dogue de Bordeaux is usually patient and tolerant. Their calm temperament is a big advantage, especially compared with more nervous or hyperactive breeds. However, their sheer size and power mean that supervision is essential. A happy tail or a sudden turn can easily knock down a small child without any bad intention. It is important to teach children how to behave respectfully, for example not climbing on the dog, not disturbing it while it sleeps, and never pulling its ears or wrinkles. When both children and dog understand boundaries, this breed can be a wonderful, steady presence in a family home.

With strangers, Dogue de Bordeaux dogs are often reserved at first. They may watch quietly, assessing the situation with a calm but serious gaze. Most are not naturally outgoing or excessively friendly to everyone, like some retrievers might be. Instead, they show their affection and playfulness to their own circle. Early and positive socialization is crucial to prevent unnecessary suspicion or fearfulness. When introduced correctly, many will accept visitors politely and may even become quite welcoming once they understand that someone is a friend of the family.

In relation to other dogs and pets, behavior can vary from line to line. Some Dogues are quite easygoing with other dogs, especially if they have been raised with them since puppyhood and socialized thoroughly. Others can be dominant, particularly same sex dogs, or may not appreciate rough or pushy behavior from unknown dogs. Careful introductions and controlled meetings are vital, especially for males. With cats and small animals, success often depends on early exposure. If the dog grows up with them, many will live peacefully, though as with any strong dog, supervision is important.

One of the special challenges with this breed is its strong protective instinct. The Dogue de Bordeaux is naturally inclined to guard home and family. This does not mean uncontrolled aggression. A balanced dog can distinguish between everyday life and real threats. However, it places a responsibility on the owner to handle socialization and training very seriously. A fearful or insecure dog combined with great size and a guarding instinct is a poor combination, so breeders and owners both need to prioritize stable, confident temperaments.

Indoors, many Dogues are quiet and enjoy resting, sometimes snoring loudly. They are not typically excessive barkers. Most will alert you with a deep, impressive bark when someone approaches the property, but will not bark constantly without reason. Separation can be difficult for such a bonding breed. Many Dogue de Bordeaux dogs prefer to be where the family is and may become stressed if left alone for long hours every day. Owners should consider whether their lifestyle allows time and presence for this breed.

In short, the Dogue de Bordeaux is an emotionally sensitive, deeply loyal dog that thrives on close contact. It is not a breed for people who want a part time pet that stays in the yard alone. For families and individuals who appreciate quiet strength, affectionate companionship, and a serious but loving character, the Dogue de Bordeaux can become an unforgettable partner.

Training & Exercise

Training a Dogue de Bordeaux is a very particular experience. These dogs are intelligent and can learn a great deal, yet they also have a strong will and an independent streak. They are not robotic workers that repeat tasks just to please. Instead, they respond best when they understand the purpose of an exercise and when the bond with the handler is strong. A combination of calm leadership, consistency, and genuine kindness tends to work far better than any harsh or confrontational methods.

Positive reinforcement is very effective for this breed. Reward based training with treats, praise, and play helps keep motivation high. At the same time, sessions should be relatively short and clear. Many Dogues de Bordeaux become bored easily with endless repetitions. It can help to mix basic obedience with simple tricks or scent games so that training feels like an interesting activity rather than a chore. For example, a session might include a few minutes of sit and stay practice, followed by a short search for treats hidden around the room, then a bit more loose lead walking.

Early puppy classes are highly recommended. These give the young Dogue a chance to meet other dogs and people in a controlled setting, while also teaching owners how to handle such a strong breed. Important basics include:

• Reliable recall
• Walking politely on a lead, without pulling
• Calm greetings with people and dogs
• Learning to relax on a mat or in a designated spot

Because the Dogue de Bordeaux grows very quickly, owners should be careful about intense physical activity in the first 12 to 18 months. Long runs, jumping from heights, or repeated stair climbing can put too much strain on growing joints. Instead, focus on short, frequent walks on soft surfaces, gentle play, and mental stimulation. Mental work tires this breed almost as much as physical exercise, and it helps prevent boredom related misbehavior such as chewing or digging.

As adults, most Dogues need moderate daily exercise. They are not marathon runners or tireless herding dogs, but they are not couch ornaments either. Two to three walks per day, including at least one longer walk of 30 to 45 minutes at a comfortable pace, suits many individuals. Some enjoy structured activities like:

• Nose work and scent tracking
• Low impact obedience or rally training
• Swimming in safe, calm water if introduced gradually
• Casual hiking in cool weather

High speed activities such as bike running or jogging beside a runner can be risky because of the breed’s heavy build and sensitivity to heat. Always adjust the intensity to the dog’s physical condition and age. During summer, it is often safest to exercise early in the morning or late in the evening, and to keep walks slow and shaded.

Guarding and territorial behavior must be channeled responsibly. A Dogue de Bordeaux should learn from an early age that the owner decides who is welcome in the home and how to behave at the door or gate. Simple routines, such as teaching the dog to go to a mat when the doorbell rings, can prevent uncontrolled rushing or blocking visitors. Consistency is crucial. If the dog is sometimes allowed to push past you, and other times corrected harshly, confusion and frustration will arise.

One of the most important aspects of training this breed is emotional stability. Teach your Dogue how to cope with being alone for short periods, how to handle visits to the vet, how to travel in a car, and how to relax in new environments. Use gradual exposure and plenty of rewards. A confident, well adjusted Dogue de Bordeaux is a pleasure to live with and is safer in all kinds of situations, from city walks to holidays.

In summary, successful training with this breed is based on respect rather than force. If you are patient, fair, and clear, the Dogue de Bordeaux will usually respond with loyalty and a genuine desire to cooperate. They may never be as quick or flashy as some working breeds, but they can be remarkably obedient and attentive when handled by someone they trust.

Health

The Dogue de Bordeaux is a large, heavy breed, and this size brings some specific health considerations. Responsible breeders work hard to reduce risks, but potential owners should go into this breed with open eyes and a willingness to invest time and money into prevention, veterinary care, and healthy lifestyle management.

One of the most discussed issues is joint health. Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia are relatively common concerns in large dogs, including this breed. These conditions involve abnormal development of the joints, which can lead to pain, lameness, and early arthritis. Ethical breeders will have their breeding dogs tested with official hip and elbow evaluations, and they will avoid breeding from dogs with severe changes. New owners can help by managing the puppy’s weight, avoiding over exercise, and providing non slip surfaces at home to reduce strain on joints.

The Dogue de Bordeaux is also at risk for heart problems such as dilated cardiomyopathy and other cardiomyopathies. These diseases affect the heart muscle and can lead to reduced function, arrhythmias, or even sudden death. In some countries, heart screening with echocardiography and electrocardiography is encouraged for breeding animals. For pet owners, it is wise to schedule regular health checks with a veterinarian, particularly as the dog gets older. Any signs of reduced stamina, coughing, sudden collapse, or unusual breathing should be taken seriously.

Another notable risk is gastric dilatation volvulus, commonly called bloat or torsion. This is a life threatening emergency where the stomach fills with gas, then may twist on its axis. Deep chested, large breeds are especially predisposed. To reduce the risk, many owners:

• Divide the daily food ration into two or three smaller meals
• Avoid heavy exercise immediately before and after feeding
• Provide calm mealtimes, without intense excitement or competition

Some veterinarians and breeders also recommend a preventive surgical procedure that attaches the stomach to the body wall, which can reduce the risk of torsion even if the stomach becomes bloated.

Skin problems can appear in this breed, partly due to wrinkles and partly due to overall skin sensitivity. Folds around the face may become red, moist, or smelly if not cleaned regularly. Allergies, hot spots, and ear infections can also occur. A balanced diet, proper grooming, and early treatment of any irritation are important. When in doubt, always consult a vet rather than experimenting too long with home remedies.

Because the Dogue de Bordeaux has a brachycephalic head type, breathing can be affected to varying degrees. While the breed is not as extremely short faced as some small brachycephalic breeds, narrow nostrils, an elongated soft palate, or a narrow windpipe can still cause noisy breathing and reduced tolerance to heat and exertion. Ethical breeders prioritize dogs with good respiratory function and avoid exaggerations. Owners should be careful to prevent overheating, especially in hot and humid weather or in poorly ventilated spaces.

Obesity is another real concern. Excess weight greatly increases the load on joints, heart, and respiratory system. Large dogs often look imposing even when they are overweight, so it is easy to miss the signs. A healthy Dogue de Bordeaux should have a visible waist when viewed from above and a slight tuck up behind the ribs. Your vet or breeder can help you learn how to assess body condition correctly.

The typical lifespan of the Dogue de Bordeaux is shorter than that of smaller breeds. Many live around 8 to 10 years, with some individuals reaching more or less depending on genetics, lifestyle, and luck. While this may sound modest, those years can be rich and deeply rewarding. Owners often say that the intensity of the bond with this breed makes up for the shorter time together.

If you are considering this breed, ask breeders about health testing in their lines, such as:

• Hip and elbow evaluations
• Heart examinations by a veterinary cardiologist
• Breeding history regarding bloat, skin issues, or serious hereditary diseases

Proactive care, insurance in countries where it is available, and a realistic financial plan for veterinary costs are all wise steps. With thoughtful breeding and committed ownership, many Dogue de Bordeaux dogs enjoy a comfortable, affectionate life with their families.

History & Origins

The Dogue de Bordeaux is one of the oldest French dog breeds and carries a long and sometimes dramatic history. It is generally believed to descend from ancient mastiff type dogs that followed merchants, soldiers, and settlers through Europe. Over centuries, these powerful dogs were used in many heavy duty roles that required courage, strength, and a strong guarding instinct.

In the past, regional varieties of Dogue existed in France, with different sizes and types used for various tasks. Some worked as guardians of large estates, livestock, and vineyards. Others accompanied butchers and cattle drivers, helping to control big animals in markets and during transport. The breed has also been associated with hunting large game such as boar, where bravery and pain tolerance were crucial. These working roles shaped the Dogue de Bordeaux into a dog that is both physically robust and mentally steady.

The city of Bordeaux and its surrounding region played a key role in giving the breed its modern name and identity. Written references from the 14th century and later speak of strong “dogues” from this area. Over time, the type we now know as the Dogue de Bordeaux started to distinguish itself from other mastiff breeds through its particular head shape, skin, and character.

The French Revolution and later historic events had a serious impact on many noble and estate guard dogs, including the Dogue de Bordeaux. Numbers fell sharply as large properties were broken up and social structures changed. Industrialization and urbanization further reduced the need for traditional guarding and cattle driving dogs. For a time, the breed’s future was uncertain.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, enthusiasts began to organize, define standards, and show the breed at dog shows. This period helped fix the appearance and temperament we recognize today. However, the two World Wars again brought heavy losses. It took dedicated breeders in France and later in other countries to rebuild numbers and stabilize the gene pool.

International interest in the Dogue de Bordeaux increased notably in the late 20th century. Appearances in films and media, combined with the dog’s striking looks, drew attention from fanciers around the world. Kennel clubs in many countries recognized the breed, and it became part of the working or molosser groups, depending on the local classification system.

Today, the Dogue de Bordeaux is rarely used for traditional tasks like boar hunting or cattle work. Its main role has shifted to that of family companion and property guardian. Many owners appreciate its quiet presence as a home protector, where the dog’s simple appearance and deep bark are often enough to deter unwelcome visitors without any action needed. In some places, Dogues also participate in activities such as obedience, tracking, and various temperament tests, which help demonstrate their stability and control.

Modern breeders walk a fine line between preserving the powerful, recognizable look of the Dogue de Bordeaux, and ensuring that the breed remains healthy, functional, and able to move and breathe comfortably. Discussions about exaggerations, especially concerning head size and wrinkles, are ongoing in many breed clubs. Thoughtful breeding emphasizes sound structure, good movement, and balanced temperament, so that the Dogue de Bordeaux can continue to be both a proud symbol of French canine heritage and a beloved companion worldwide.

For the prospective owner, understanding this history is helpful. It explains the strong guarding instincts, the calm but serious demeanor, and the deep loyalty to family. Living with a Dogue de Bordeaux often feels like sharing your home with a piece of living history, shaped by centuries of close work with humans.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Dogue de Bordeaux is a lifestyle decision rather than a simple pet choice. This breed fills your home, your heart, and often your sofa. Before bringing one home, it is important to consider how its needs will fit into your daily routine, budget, and long term plans.

First and foremost, this is a people centered dog. A Dogue de Bordeaux does not thrive if left alone in a yard for most of the day. It wants to be where you are, whether you live in a house with a garden or an apartment with good access to outdoor areas. Space indoors matters, since an adult Dogue takes up as much floor area as a piece of furniture. A large, well padded bed is essential to protect joints, and most owners also allow their Dogue to share the couch or stay in the main living rooms.

Financially, owning such a large dog can be expensive. Costs include:

• Quality food, which needs to be appropriate for large, possibly sensitive dogs
• Regular veterinary checks, vaccinations, and parasite prevention
• Insurance, where available, to help manage costs of serious illness or accidents
• Extra strong collars, harnesses, and leads suitable for a powerful dog
• Large crates or car restraints, if you choose to use them
• Durable toys and chew items able to withstand a strong jaw

Annual costs vary by country and lifestyle, but it is safe to assume that a Dogue de Bordeaux will be more expensive to feed and insure than a medium sized dog. Unexpected veterinary bills for conditions like bloat or orthopedic surgery can also be significant, which is why some form of financial planning or insurance is strongly recommended.

At home, you should be prepared for drool. The loose lips and heavy jowls that make the Dogue de Bordeaux so expressive also mean that water, saliva, and sometimes bits of food will find their way onto floors, walls, and clothing. Many owners keep absorbent cloths near water bowls and doors, and learn to accept that clean windows and spotless clothes are rare luxuries. Snoring and other noises, such as deep sighs and snorts, are also common and can be surprisingly loud.

Exercise needs to be built into the daily schedule. Even though the Dogue de Bordeaux is generally calm indoors, it requires regular walks, mental stimulation, and social contact. A secure garden is helpful but does not replace meaningful activity. Many individuals enjoy relaxed walks in nature, slow exploration of new scents, and simply being out with their people. Reliable recall and polite leash manners are particularly important, because managing a lunging 60 kilogram dog is difficult and potentially dangerous.

House rules should be clear from the beginning. If you do not want a giant dog on the bed, it is easier to teach that from puppyhood than to change the rule at two years old. Consistency from all family members helps prevent confusion. Training sessions, even short daily ones, support good manners and deepen the bond with your Dogue.

This breed can adapt to different households, from active couples to quieter families, provided that its need for closeness and stability is met. It is less suitable for people who travel frequently without their dog, have very long workdays away from home, or want a dog that spends most of its time outdoors guarding property alone. It is also not typically a good choice for very frail owners who might struggle to handle the dog’s strength if it suddenly pulls or reacts.

Useful equipment for living harmoniously with a Dogue de Bordeaux includes:

• A sturdy harness that distributes pressure across the chest
• A strong, comfortable leash, often shorter for better control in busy areas
• Non slip rugs on slippery floors to protect joints and prevent falls
• Raised food and water bowls, if advised by your vet, to promote comfortable eating posture
• A cooling mat or fan for hot days and a warm, thick bed in winter

Emotionally, living with this breed can be deeply rewarding. Many owners describe their Dogue de Bordeaux as a calm presence that senses moods and offers quiet support. The intensity of the bond can be strong, which makes the relatively shorter lifespan bittersweet. It is important to be prepared for the reality that large breeds often age faster, and that arthritis or other senior issues may appear earlier than in smaller dogs.

If you are ready for the commitment in time, money, attention, and heart, the Dogue de Bordeaux can be an unforgettable companion. Its combination of dignity, tenderness, and strength creates a presence in the home that is difficult to put into words. For the right person or family, sharing life with this majestic French mastiff is not just about owning a dog, but about welcoming a gentle guardian into the center of everyday life.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a Dogue de Bordeaux at home and with family?

This breed is usually calm, devoted, and strongly attached to its family, often forming a particular bond with one person. They are naturally protective and can be wary of strangers, so early socialisation is important. Around the home they tend to be quiet and laid back, provided their basic exercise and companionship needs are met.

How much exercise does a Dogue de Bordeaux really need, given its large size?

They need daily walks and mental stimulation, but not the high-intensity exercise required by working or herding breeds. Several moderate walks and some playtime are usually sufficient for adults. Puppies and adolescents should avoid long runs or repetitive jumping to protect their developing joints.

Are Dogue de Bordeaux good with children and other pets?

They are typically gentle and tolerant with children they know, especially when raised with them, but their size means supervision is essential. With other dogs they can be selective and sometimes same-sex aggressive, so careful introductions and experienced management are important. Early socialisation and clear boundaries greatly influence how well they live with other pets.

What are the most common health problems seen in Dogue de Bordeaux?

This breed is prone to joint diseases such as hip and elbow dysplasia, as well as heart conditions like dilated cardiomyopathy and certain valve problems. Bloat and gastric torsion are serious risks because of their deep chest. They can also suffer from skin infections in facial folds and may have a shorter average lifespan than many other breeds.

How much drooling should I expect from a Dogue de Bordeaux?

Heavy drooling is typical due to their loose lips and large jowls. Owners can expect drool after drinking, eating, or any excitement, and often on floors, furniture, and clothing. Keeping towels handy and wiping the mouth regularly helps manage it, but it cannot be eliminated.

Is a Dogue de Bordeaux suitable for apartment living?

They are relatively low energy indoors and can adapt to an apartment if there is enough space for a large dog to move comfortably. Daily outdoor exercise and regular access to fresh air are essential. Noise is not usually a problem, but drooling, shedding, and their size can be challenging in small or very tidy homes.

What kind of training approach works best for a Dogue de Bordeaux?

They respond best to calm, consistent, and firm but kind training that uses rewards rather than harsh corrections. This breed can be strong willed and slow to mature, so early obedience, leash training, and impulse control are especially important. Short, varied sessions help keep them engaged without overtaxing their joints when they are young.

How much grooming and skin care does a Dogue de Bordeaux need?

Their short coat is easy to maintain with weekly brushing and occasional baths, but the facial wrinkles need regular attention. The folds around the nose and mouth should be gently cleaned and dried to prevent irritation and infections. Routine nail trimming and ear checks are also important because of their weight and ear shape.

What should I know about the life expectancy and aging of a Dogue de Bordeaux?

They have a relatively short life expectancy, often around 8 years, with some living a bit longer with careful breeding and good care. As they age, joint issues and heart problems can become more evident, and weight management is crucial. Regular veterinary checks help catch age-related changes early and support comfort in their senior years.

Is a Dogue de Bordeaux a good choice for a first-time dog owner?

They are affectionate and loyal, but their size, strength, health considerations, and protective nature make them more suitable for experienced owners. Managing training, socialisation, and potential dog-to-dog issues can be challenging for beginners. A committed novice with strong support from a reputable breeder and trainer may succeed, but it is not an easy starter breed.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Société Centrale Canine (France)
• Verein für Deutsche Doggen (Germany)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Sweden)
• Norsk Kennel Klub (Norway)