Puli

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• The Puli is famous for its striking corded coat that makes it look like a walking mop, but those cords are a result of careful coat management over time.
• Originally a Hungarian herding dog, the Puli is incredibly agile and quick, a true athlete hidden under a cloud of hair.
• Pulik are bright, independent thinkers which makes them both a joy and a challenge to train. They like to have their own opinion.
• This is a deeply people‑oriented breed that bonds strongly with its family and often chooses one favorite person while still loving everyone in the household.
• Despite the heavy coat, a well cared for Puli can enjoy an active life in many climates, but owners must be ready for a serious grooming commitment and some creative drying routines after rain or swimming.

Appearance & Coat

The Puli has one of the most recognizable silhouettes in the dog world. Under that eye catching coat is a compact, medium sized dog with a surprisingly athletic body. Most adult Pulik stand around 37 to 44 centimeters at the shoulder, with bitches usually a little smaller and lighter than males. The body is slightly longer than the height, giving a rectangular outline. The back is firm, the chest deep and well developed, and the loins strong. This is not a fragile or decorative dog. It was built to spend long days moving nimbly over rough ground while controlling livestock.

The head is proportionate to the body, with a slightly domed skull and a pronounced, but not sharp, stop. The muzzle is fairly short and strong, tapering only slightly toward the nose. Dark, oval eyes are set moderately wide apart and normally covered by hair. That hidden expression is part of the Puli’s charm. Ears are of medium size, set fairly high and hanging close to the head, often disappearing into the coat. The tail is carried curled over the back and also covered in cords so it blends into the rest of the outline.

What truly defines the Puli is the coat. The breed has a dense, weather resistant outer coat combined with a soft, woolly undercoat. As the dog matures, these two textures intertwine and naturally form cords or tassels. The cords usually start forming when the dog is around 8 to 12 months old and continue to tighten and lengthen over several years. A fully corded adult Puli has a coat that can reach the ground if left untrimmed.

Accepted coat colors typically include:

• Solid black
• Black with a few rusty or gray hairs
• Various shades of gray
• Fawn or cream, sometimes with a darker mask

The coat should appear uniform in color from a distance, although individual hairs can vary. White Pulik exist but are recognized separately in some registries.

Caring for a Puli coat is very different from brushing a normal long haired breed. You do not brush out the coat, because that would destroy the cords. Instead, you help the coat to cord correctly by gently separating the hair into individual sections with your fingers as it begins to mat. At first this can feel time consuming, but once the cords are established, maintenance settles into a regular routine.

Key coat care tips:

• Start handling the coat early so your Puli learns to relax during grooming
• As the coat begins to mat, regularly pull the forming mats apart into cord sized pieces right down to the skin
• Check the skin regularly to ensure there is no irritation or trapped moisture
• Keep the coat clean, as dirt and grit can make cords harsh and uncomfortable
• Bathing is needed but not as frequently as with some breeds. The challenge is drying. Toweling thoroughly and using a strong blow dryer on cool or warm air is essential, because thick cords can take many hours to dry fully

Some owners trim the coat shorter for easier daily care, especially on pet Pulik that are not being shown. A slightly shorter coat can still look very typical but will pick up less debris and dry more quickly. No matter the length, the Puli’s coat is designed to protect it from sun, rain, and minor bumps, and when managed with care it can be both practical and beautiful.

Temperament & Personality

Living with a Puli means living with a very intelligent, often humorous dog that likes to be involved in everything. This is not a lazy or aloof breed. Most Pulik are lively, curious, and busy, always checking what you are doing and often trying to “help” in their own way. They are herding dogs at heart, which means they are naturally observant and quick to react to movement or changes in their environment.

Pulik tend to form strong bonds with their families and are usually happiest when they are included in daily life. Many owners describe them as “velcro dogs” that follow them from room to room. They are affectionate and people focused, but their way of showing love can be quite energetic. You might find your Puli trotting behind you, dropping toys at your feet, or giving you an intense “what next?” stare when you sit down. Quiet cuddles do happen, but often after a good session of play or activity.

With children, a well socialized Puli can be a wonderful companion. Their herding background sometimes shows up as a tendency to circle, gently nudge, or try to keep kids together, especially when they become excited and run. This can be managed through gentle training and supervision. Pulik are generally playful and patient with respectful children who understand that a dog is not a toy. As with any breed, interactions between dogs and young kids should always be supervised, especially in busy or noisy situations.

With other dogs, the Puli can be social and friendly if raised with good experiences. They often enjoy canine company and may play enthusiastically. However, some individuals can be a little bossy or pushy if other dogs do not respect their space. Early socialization with different sizes and temperaments is important. With cats and smaller pets, many Pulik do fine, especially if introduced carefully, but their chasing instinct can appear if something darts away quickly.

Typical temperament traits include:

• High intelligence and problem solving ability
• A certain independence, especially in decision making
• Strong loyalty and protectiveness toward family
• Alertness and a tendency to bark at unusual sounds or visitors

That natural watchdog tendency is something owners need to handle thoughtfully. Many Pulik will announce visitors loudly and can be vocal when they see something suspicious from the window or garden. Consistent training from a young age can teach them a “quiet” cue and help them understand what is truly worth barking at.

Common challenges with this breed often come from their brains rather than their bodies. A bored Puli will find their own entertainment, which can involve barking, digging, or inventing complex games that humans do not always appreciate. They can also be somewhat strong willed. They like to understand why you are asking them to do something and can lose interest if training is repetitive or harsh.

For people who enjoy a dog with character, humor, and energy, the Puli is a delight. For owners expecting a calm, always obedient companion, this breed may feel demanding. The key is to channel that lively temperament into purposeful activity, kindly structured training, and a home where mental and emotional engagement is part of daily life.

Training & Exercise

Training a Puli is both rewarding and, at times, slightly humbling. Their intelligence means they can pick up new tasks very quickly, sometimes after only a few repetitions. At the same time, that clever mind also notices inconsistencies, so if your rules change from day to day, your Puli will quickly learn to test boundaries.

Positive reinforcement methods work best for this breed. Pulik respond eagerly when they understand what earns them a reward, whether that reward is food, a toy, or enthusiastic praise. They do not respond well to rough handling or harsh corrections. A firm but kind approach, with clear expectations and a sense of fun, brings out the best in them. Short, varied training sessions are far more effective than long drills. If you see your Puli’s attention start to wander, change the exercise, add movement, or introduce a brief game of tug or fetch.

Because of their herding background, many Pulik excel in dog sports that require agility and quick thinking. Activities that suit them particularly well include:

• Agility, where their speed and nimbleness shine
• Obedience and rally, as long as the training remains engaging
• Herding trials, for owners who have access to livestock
• Canine freestyle or trick training, which allows them to show off their sense of fun

Exercise needs for a Puli are significant but not extreme. This is not a breed that is happy with a quick walk around the block and then being ignored for the rest of the day. Most adults thrive on at least one to two hours of combined physical and mental activity spread throughout the day. This can include brisk walks, off leash runs in safe areas, training games, scent work in the garden, or interactive play with toys.

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise. Without tasks for their mind, Pulik can become restless and creative in undesirable ways. Puzzle feeders, hide and seek games, short tracking exercises, or teaching new tricks are all excellent tools. Even simple routines, such as asking for a sit or down before meals or turning daily walks into mini training sessions, help a lot.

Recall training is something to invest in early. Pulik are observant and may fixate on moving objects like joggers, bicycles, or wildlife. A strong recall and good focus on the handler make off leash time safer. Start recall games with a long line, reward generously when your dog comes to you, and keep it fun so your Puli always expects something good when they hear their name.

Young Pulik can be very bouncy and enthusiastic. It is important to manage exercise while their joints are developing. Avoid long distance running on hard surfaces or endless jumping before they are fully grown. Instead, provide shorter, more varied play sessions and gradually build up stamina.

Training challenges often come down to motivation and consistency. Some Pulik become bored quickly if they do not see the point of an exercise. Turning tasks into little “jobs” can help. For example, ask your dog to carry something for you, help “tidy up” toys into a box, or guide them through a simple obstacle course in the garden. Giving them responsibilities taps into their working heritage and brings a sense of purpose that many of them clearly enjoy.

When well trained and exercised, the Puli is a delightful companion who walks nicely on lead, settles indoors, and enjoys a cooperative partnership with its owner. When under stimulated or inconsistently managed, the same dog can feel wild and stubborn. Daily commitment to training and exercise is therefore essential, but for the right person it is also one of the most satisfying aspects of owning this breed.

Health

The Puli is generally considered a robust and long lived breed, especially for its size. Many individuals reach 12 to 14 years, and some live even longer with good care. As with any purebred dog, there are health issues that responsible breeders aim to minimize through careful selection and testing.

Orthopedic health is an important area. Hip dysplasia can occur, so reputable breeders usually have the hips of their breeding dogs evaluated through official scoring schemes. While the Puli is not among the most heavily affected breeds, healthy hips are vital for a dog originally developed to work all day over uneven terrain. Elbow dysplasia is less commonly mentioned but may also be checked in some breeding programs.

Eye health deserves attention as well. Conditions such as cataracts or retinal problems can appear in the wider dog population, and ethical Puli breeders often carry out eye examinations. Some countries use standardized eye testing schemes where dogs receive regular checkups from veterinary ophthalmologists. Discuss with breeders what eye tests they perform and how often.

Other health considerations include:

• Patellar luxation, a kneecap issue that can affect active small to medium breeds
• Certain autoimmune conditions, which may appear rarely but are monitored by serious breeders
• Degenerative myelopathy in some lines, for which a DNA test is available in many regions

Coat and skin care has a big impact on health in this breed. The dense, corded coat provides excellent protection, but it can also hide problems if not checked regularly. Moisture that remains trapped close to the skin can create an ideal environment for hot spots or fungal infections. After bathing or swimming, make sure the coat is dried thoroughly all the way to the skin. Run your fingers down each cord, check for any unusual smells, redness, or soreness, and take action quickly if something seems wrong.

Because of their coat, Pulik may be more prone to external parasites if preventive measures are not used. Fleas and ticks can hide deep in the cords, so regular preventive treatments recommended by your veterinarian are important. Routine hands on inspections are also necessary, especially after walks in tall grass or woodland.

Weight management is another key element of Puli health. The thick coat can easily disguise a dog that is becoming overweight. You should be able to feel the ribs under the coat with gentle pressure, and your dog should have a visible waist when viewed from above once the hair is parted. Extra weight puts strain on joints and can shorten a dog’s active years. Adjust food portions according to your Puli’s age, activity level, and metabolism, and use treats wisely, especially during training.

Responsible breeders often follow recommendations from national or international breed clubs regarding health tests. Commonly advised checks include:

• Hip scoring
• Eye examinations
• Where relevant, DNA tests for known hereditary conditions

Potential owners should feel comfortable asking breeders about the health history of their lines, the ages and causes of death of previous generations, and how they work to maintain genetic diversity. A breeder who is open and well informed about health is a good sign.

Routine veterinary care is also essential. Regular checkups, vaccinations, dental care, and parasite control contribute to a long, comfortable life. Owners should also remember that the Puli’s personality can hide signs of discomfort. Some are quite stoic and push on through minor illness or pain, especially when excited. Subtle changes in behavior, appetite, or activity can be early signs that something is wrong.

In general, with responsible breeding, proper weight control, and thoughtful coat care, the Puli can be a healthy companion that stays active and engaged well into its senior years.

History & Origins

The Puli’s story begins on the vast grasslands of the Carpathian Basin, where nomadic peoples herded sheep and cattle long before modern borders existed. When Magyar tribes arrived in what is now Hungary more than a thousand years ago, they likely brought their herding dogs with them. Over centuries of practical selection, the Puli emerged as a distinct type, valued not for looks but for its working ability.

These early Pulik were herders and drovers, responsible for gathering and moving flocks under the guidance of shepherds. Their compact size, agility, and keen intelligence made them ideal for working close to livestock. While larger guarding breeds watched from the fringes and deterred predators or thieves, the lively Puli darted among the animals, using quick movements and an intense gaze to control the group. The corded coat protected it from harsh weather, sudden changes of temperature, and minor injuries from thorns or hooves.

Historical records suggest that corded herding dogs similar to the modern Puli were already well known in Hungary centuries ago. Written mentions from the 18th and 19th centuries describe small, agile, long haired sheepdogs that strongly resemble the breed we recognize today. For a long time, though, these dogs were purely working animals, and their appearance varied according to function and local preference.

In the late 19th and early 20th century, interest in standardizing and preserving native Hungarian breeds grew. Cynologists and dog fanciers began to describe and classify the Puli more formally. A breed standard was drawn up, and the Puli started to appear at dog shows, both in Hungary and later abroad. At the same time, the industrialization of agriculture and changes in farming practices reduced the number of traditional shepherding jobs, so the Puli shifted gradually from a pure working dog to a companion and show dog as well.

The two World Wars had a serious impact on many European breeds, and the Puli was no exception. Numbers fell, and dedicated breeders had to work hard to rebuild the population afterwards. Importation of dogs to other countries helped broaden the gene pool and introduce the Puli to new audiences. In time, the breed gained recognition with major kennel clubs around the world.

Today, the Puli continues to serve as a herding dog on some farms, particularly in Hungary and other parts of Central and Eastern Europe. However, many Pulik now live as active family companions and participate in various dog sports. Their unique appearance has also made them well known in popular culture, although experienced owners always emphasize that under the cords is a serious working dog, not a fashion accessory.

Modern breeders aim to preserve both the traditional look and the working abilities of the Puli. Some still test their dogs on sheep or cattle, while others showcase the breed’s athleticism in agility and obedience rings. Across these different roles, the Puli’s core identity remains the same: a clever, lively herding dog with a distinctive coat and a long, proud history on the Hungarian plains.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Puli is a long term commitment to an active, intelligent dog that needs both physical outlets and mental engagement. Before bringing one home, it is important to think about your daily routine and how a lively herding dog will fit into it. Pulik thrive in households where people enjoy spending time outdoors, doing activities with their dog, and can offer consistent structure.

At home, a Puli likes to be near its people. This is not a dog that will be happy left alone for long hours every day. If you work full time away from home, you will need a solid plan, such as dog walkers, daycare, or sharing responsibilities within the family. Without enough company and stimulation, a Puli may become vocal, destructive, or anxious.

The grooming commitment is one of the biggest practical considerations. Even if you keep the coat shorter, you must be prepared for:

• Regular bathing and very thorough drying, especially in wet seasons
• Frequent checks for debris, parasites, and tangles
• Time spent separating and maintaining cords during the first years

If you live in a rainy climate, you will soon become familiar with the sight of a wet Puli shaking water everywhere and the sound of a blow dryer. Many owners develop practical routines, such as keeping a drying area with towels and a sturdy dryer, using dog drying coats, or trimming the cords around feet and legs slightly shorter to make cleaning easier. Hard floors are usually more practical than carpets, and washable throws on furniture can be a real help.

Financially, annual costs for a Puli are similar to other medium sized dogs, with a few possible extras related to grooming and equipment. Budget for:

• Quality food suitable for an active, medium sized dog
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, parasite prevention, and occasional tests
• Grooming tools, including strong towels, a high powered dryer, and possibly professional grooming support
• Insurance, which many owners choose to help cover unexpected veterinary bills

Initial setup costs may include a secure crate or indoor pen, comfortable bedding, bowls, high quality toys, puzzle feeders, a long line, sturdy leads, collars or harnesses, and possibly fencing or garden improvements if your outdoor area is not yet dog proof. Because the Puli is agile and can jump surprisingly well when motivated, garden fences should be of a sensible height and in good repair.

Apartment living is possible for a Puli if exercise needs are met and there is access to safe outdoor areas. However, potential noise is something to think about. This breed can be vocal, and in close quarters with neighbors, you will want to work from an early age on calm greetings, controlled barking, and good indoor manners. A house with a garden can make daily life more convenient, but it is not a substitute for proper walks and mental activity.

Socialization from puppyhood is essential. Expose your Puli gently and positively to different people, children, animals, environments, and sounds. A well socialized adult is more relaxed and adaptable. Puppy classes and controlled group training sessions can be invaluable, both for basic skills and for learning to focus around distractions.

The rewards of living with a Puli are significant for owners who enjoy an engaged relationship with their dog. Many describe their Pulik as almost conversational, always ready with a quizzical head tilt or a funny reaction. They are excellent companions for active individuals and families who want a dog that can join them on hikes, sports, and adventures, then curl up contentedly at home after a full day.

Before committing, ask yourself honestly if you are ready to:

• Invest time each day in training and exercise
• Keep up with coat care for many years
• Share your space with an intelligent dog that has ideas of its own

If the answer is yes, and you feel excited rather than intimidated by those responsibilities, the Puli can be a deeply rewarding partner. With love, structure, and understanding, this distinctive Hungarian herding dog will bring energy, character, and warmth to your household for many years.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a Puli around family and children?

This is an alert, loyal and often playful herding dog that usually bonds very closely with its family. Many are good with respectful children, but they can be reserved with strangers and may try to herd running kids. Early socialization and clear boundaries help manage their strong guarding and herding instincts.

How much grooming does a Puli’s corded coat really need?

The coat does not require brushing in the traditional sense, but it does need regular hands‑on care. As the coat cords, owners must separate and shape the cords by hand, keep the skin clean and dry, and plan for very long drying times after baths. Without this, the coat can mat into uncomfortable lumps and trap moisture.

Do all Pulis develop cords, and can you keep the coat brushed out instead?

Most dogs of this breed are genetically inclined to form cords, but the coat can be managed in different styles. Some owners keep it trimmed short for easier care, while others maintain a brushed, fluffy coat, which still requires frequent grooming. Allowing partial cord formation without proper separation usually leads to severe matting.

Are Pulis good dogs for apartment living?

They can adapt to an apartment if their mental and physical exercise needs are met every day. They are active, vocal herding dogs that need structured walks, play, and training to prevent boredom and nuisance barking. Thin walls and noise‑sensitive neighbors may be a concern if their barking is not managed.

How much exercise and mental stimulation does a Puli need?

This is an energetic working breed that usually needs at least an hour of purposeful activity each day, plus opportunities to think and problem‑solve. Herding games, agility, obedience, nose work, and varied walks help keep them satisfied. Without enough outlets, they may become noisy, restless, or overly controlling at home.

What health problems are Pulis prone to?

Common concerns include hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, and certain eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy and cataracts. Some may also develop autoimmune or skin problems under the dense coat. Responsible breeders screen for joint and eye diseases and keep detailed health records on their lines.

How well does a Puli handle heat and cold with that thick coat?

The dense coat provides good insulation in cold and wet weather, which suits the breed’s herding origins. In warm or humid climates, they can overheat easily if not carefully managed, especially when fully corded. Shade, fresh water, limited midday activity, and sometimes a shorter trim are important in hot weather.

Is a Puli a good choice for first‑time dog owners?

They are highly intelligent and trainable but also independent, vocal, and demanding in terms of grooming and mental stimulation. First‑time owners who are prepared to invest in training, socialization, and coat care may succeed, but many find the breed challenging. An experienced mentor or trainer is very helpful.

Do Pulis get along with other dogs and pets?

With proper socialization, many live well with other dogs and can accept cats and livestock. Their herding background means they may chase or body‑block other animals, which some pets find stressful. Controlled introductions and training to interrupt herding behaviors indoors are important.

Why were Pulis originally bred, and how does that affect today’s behavior?

They were developed in Hungary as agile herding and flock‑guarding dogs that worked closely with shepherds. That history explains their quick reactions, strong attachment to their people, tendency to bark at anything unusual, and need for a job. Even as companions, they do best when given structured activities and clear roles in the household.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK) - Puli
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Sweden) - Puli
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) - Puli
• Deutscher Club für Ungarische Hirtenhunde e.V. (Germany)
• Société Centrale Canine (France) - Puli