Broholmer

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Large, calm Danish mastiff type, originally bred as an estate and hunting guardian
• Deeply devoted family dog that forms a strong bond with its people and home
• Naturally watchful and protective, yet typically gentle and steady in daily life
• Moderate exercise needs for its size, but requires plenty of mental stimulation and companionship
• Rare outside Scandinavia, with careful breeding focused on health, temperament, and stable nerves

Appearance & Coat

The Broholmer is a large, powerful dog that gives an immediate impression of quiet strength and solidity. At first glance you might think of a Mastiff or a big Labrador, but the Broholmer has its own very distinctive look. It is rectangular in outline, slightly longer than tall, with a broad, deep chest and a strong, straight back. The bone is substantial without appearing clumsy, and the overall impression should be of a functional working dog that can move with ease, not a heavy showpiece.

Adult males are impressively large, while females are slightly smaller and often a little more refined. Despite their size, a well built Broholmer should move with surprisingly smooth, unhurried strides. At a walk or trot, the head is often carried fairly low, which gives the dog a calm, somewhat serious expression. When alert, the head lifts and the whole silhouette looks more imposing.

The head itself is broad and rectangular, with a strong muzzle that is a little shorter than the skull. The stop is clearly defined but not too sharp. The ears are medium sized, triangular, and hang close to the cheeks, giving a soft frame to the face. Dark, expressive eyes are one of the breed’s most charming features. They should show a gentle and thoughtful expression, never sharp or nervous. The tail is thick at the base and usually carried hanging at rest. When the dog is interested or in motion, the tail lifts in a gentle curve, though it should not curl over the back.

The Broholmer coat is short, dense, and close lying, with a thick undercoat that offers good protection from wind and weather. It is not fluffy or long, but it is surprisingly effective at keeping the dog comfortable in different climates. Typical colors include:

• Yellow in various shades, often with a black mask
• Red or reddish brown
• Brindle, where dark stripes appear on a lighter background

Small white markings may be seen on the chest, feet, and tail tip and are accepted in the breed standard. Many dogs have a very expressive dark mask and shading, which adds to their serious, almost lion-like appearance.

Coat care for a Broholmer is relatively straightforward, which is a relief given their size. A weekly brushing with a firm rubber curry or a soft slicker brush is usually enough to remove loose hair and keep the coat shiny. During shedding seasons in spring and autumn, you may need to brush more often to stay on top of the undercoat. Broholmers do shed, and their hair can collect on floors and furniture, so owners who like a spotless home will need a good vacuum cleaner and a practical attitude.

Bathing should be occasional rather than frequent. Too many baths can strip the natural oils from the skin and coat. A rinse with lukewarm water or a mild dog shampoo every few months, or when the dog has rolled in something unpleasant, is usually enough. Pay attention to the ears and the folds around the lips, where moisture and dirt can accumulate. Regular ear checks and gentle wiping can help prevent infections.

Because of their weight, keeping the nails properly trimmed is important. Overgrown nails can affect posture and movement and may cause discomfort. Check nails every two to three weeks and trim as needed. Also keep an eye on the skin between the toes, especially in wet or muddy seasons, and dry the paws well after long walks to avoid irritation.

Temperament & Personality

The Broholmer is, first and foremost, a family guardian with a very steady, grounded temperament. At home they are often described as calm, dignified, and quietly affectionate. They usually form a deep bond with their people and like to be close to them. Many Broholmers are true “shadows,” following their person from room to room and settling wherever the family is. Despite their size, they often try to curl up near your feet or lean their heavy head in your lap, soaking up gentle attention.

With children, a well raised Broholmer is typically patient, tolerant, and protective. Their calm nature means they are less likely to be overexcited around kids compared to some high energy breeds. Still, their sheer size means supervision is always important, especially with younger children who may accidentally bump or pull. The Broholmer will rarely react aggressively if a child is clumsy, but it is always the adults’ responsibility to teach respectful behavior and to read the dog’s body language. When children are taught to treat the dog kindly, the Broholmer can become a reliable, watchful companion who prefers to lie nearby and keep an eye on “its” youngsters.

In daily life, you can think of the Broholmer as a calm observer. They are not usually hyperactive or nervous. Many strangers will be greeted with quiet reserve. In their own home and territory, they are naturally protective without needing to be trained to guard. The usual Broholmer response to something unusual is to stand between their family and the disturbance, watch carefully, and warn with a deep bark if needed. They rarely act impulsively, which is a key part of the breed’s character. Confidence and stability are essential traits, and reputable breeders pay great attention to these qualities.

With visitors who have been welcomed into the home, the Broholmer generally settles once they see that everything is in order. Some dogs remain reserved and calm with strangers, preferring not to be fussed over, while others become quite sociable after a proper introduction. This difference often depends on individual personality and early socialization. What they should never be is fearful or aggressive without cause.

With other dogs, Broholmers are often polite but not overly playful, especially once they reach maturity. Males can be assertive toward other large males if socialization has been lacking, and their size can quickly escalate any conflict. Thoughtful introductions, puppy social classes, and ongoing positive experiences with other dogs help create a balanced adult. Many Broholmers live happily with another dog in the household, especially if the temperaments match and the owner sets clear rules.

With cats and smaller pets, results vary. Some Broholmers live peacefully with cats they grew up with and may ignore them completely. Others show a moderate prey drive and will chase. If you plan a multi species household, introduce carefully, supervise closely, and never assume that a large guardian breed will automatically be gentle with small animals.

Common challenges for Broholmer owners often come from their size and strong attachment to the family. This is not a breed that thrives with long hours of isolation. A Broholmer that is bored, lonely, or under stimulated can become noisy, destructive, or stressed. Their deep bark is impressive, so managing barking through understanding and training is important. They can also be somewhat stubborn, not in a dramatic way, but in the sense that they will calmly ignore commands if they see no purpose in them. Gentle consistency and clear boundaries from an early age are vital. When you gain their respect and trust, however, you get a devoted, stable companion with a truly remarkable sense of loyalty.

Training & Exercise

Training a Broholmer is as much about building a relationship as it is about teaching commands. These dogs are intelligent, but they are not high strung working dogs that need constant tasks. Their thinking is more steady and deliberate. They respond best to calm, confident guidance and a clear structure in daily life. Harsh methods, shouting, or physical punishment are not only unnecessary but can damage the trust that is essential with this breed.

Positive reinforcement is the key. Most Broholmers are food motivated and enjoy working for treats, gentle praise, and physical affection. Short, focused training sessions from puppyhood help lay the foundation for a well mannered adult. Basic obedience such as sit, down, stay, recall, and walking politely on a leash should be started as soon as the puppy comes home. Because they grow rapidly, it is especially important to teach leash manners early. An adult Broholmer that pulls is very difficult to manage, even for a strong person.

Early socialization is just as critical as obedience. A Broholmer puppy should experience a variety of people, environments, and controlled situations in a positive way. Visits to calm outdoor cafés, walks in different neighborhoods, and friendly encounters with well behaved dogs can help build a confident, stable adult dog. The goal is not to make them love everyone, but to teach them that the world is safe, and that their person is always in control.

In terms of exercise, the Broholmer has moderate needs for a large breed. You will not be running marathons together, but you also cannot treat them as a couch dog. Adults typically do well with:

• Two to three moderate walks each day, around 30 to 45 minutes each
• Regular opportunities to trot freely in a safe, enclosed area
• Short bursts of play, such as gentle fetch or searching games

As puppies and adolescents, it is crucial to protect their joints during growth. The Broholmer is a heavy breed, and too much jumping, stair climbing, or long distance running at a young age can overload the hips and elbows. A good guideline is several short, age appropriate walks and lots of mental stimulation instead of long, strenuous outings. Let the puppy rest when tired, and avoid forcing exercise.

Adult Broholmers particularly enjoy activities that engage both brain and body. Some ideas include:

• Scent games, such as hiding treats or toys in the garden or home for the dog to find
• Basic tracking exercises, following a scent trail laid by a family member
• Obedience or manners training in real life situations, like practicing calm behavior in town
• Low impact dog sports that allow for controlled movement, depending on the individual

Although they are capable of short runs with you, especially in cooler weather, their build and weight are not suited to intense jogging or cycling over long distances. Swimming can be a good, low impact form of exercise if your Broholmer enjoys water and is introduced to it safely.

Consistency is the golden rule in training. This breed prefers clear rules and routines. If you do not want a 60 to 70 kilogram dog on the sofa, the rule must be set in puppyhood. If you allow begging at the table “just this once,” a Broholmer will remember and continue to try. Many owners find that teaching a solid “go to your bed” and “wait” command helps manage the dog in busy households.

With the right combination of mental work and moderate physical activity, a Broholmer becomes a calm, relaxed presence at home. A bored Broholmer, however, may look for its own entertainment, such as rearranging the garden or chewing furniture. Training therefore should not be seen as a chore, but as an ongoing conversation that keeps your dog engaged and content.

Health

The Broholmer is generally considered a robust breed, but like all large and giant dogs, it faces certain health challenges that responsible owners and breeders need to understand. Good breeding practices, regular veterinary checks, and sensible daily care all play important roles in protecting the health of these impressive dogs.

One of the primary concerns in Broholmers is joint health, particularly hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia. These conditions involve abnormal development of the joints, which can lead to pain, lameness, and arthritis later in life. Reputable breeders will screen breeding dogs with official hip and elbow evaluations and will share those results with puppy buyers. As an owner, you can help by controlling your young dog’s exercise, keeping the weight in a healthy range, and avoiding slippery floors that can cause falls and strain.

Another serious issue in many deep chested, large breeds is gastric dilatation volvulus, often known as bloat or torsion. In this emergency condition, the stomach fills with gas and may twist, cutting off blood supply. It is life threatening and requires immediate veterinary surgery. To reduce risk, many owners follow these guidelines:

• Feed two or three smaller meals per day instead of one large meal
• Avoid heavy exercise before and after meals
• Use raised bowls only if advised by your veterinarian, since opinions vary
• Learn the signs of bloat, such as unproductive retching, a swollen abdomen, restlessness, and signs of pain

Some Broholmers may also be prone to heart issues, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, as seen in other large mastiff type breeds, although the actual frequency varies between lines. Screening breeding dogs for heart health with echocardiography where possible is important, and regular veterinary checks for adult dogs can help catch early signs. Owners should watch for reduced stamina, coughing, or unusual fatigue and discuss these changes with a vet.

Like many large breeds, Broholmers can be susceptible to degenerative joint disease and age related wear and tear. Maintaining a lean body weight is one of the most significant factors in preserving joint and heart health. Obesity places extra strain on bones, joints, and organs. A high quality diet formulated for large breeds, particularly during the growth phase, supports proper development. Your breeder and veterinarian can help you choose a suitable food and feeding schedule.

Common health tests that responsible breeders may use include:

• Hip and elbow evaluations through official schemes
• Heart examinations by a veterinary cardiologist, often including ultrasound
• Eye examinations if recommended by the national breed club
• General checks of temperament and behavior, since mental stability is considered part of overall health in this breed

The typical lifespan of a Broholmer is around 8 to 10 years, which is fairly average for a dog of such size. Some individuals live longer with good care and a bit of luck. Owners can support longevity by focusing on preventive health care. This includes regular parasite control, annual check ups, dental care, and early attention to any limping or behavioral changes.

Environmental and lifestyle considerations also matter. Because they carry so much weight, Broholmers should have soft, supportive bedding. Hard floors can lead to pressure sores on elbows and hocks, especially in older dogs. Non slip mats in high traffic areas of the home can help prevent falls. In hot weather, they are at risk of overheating, so walks should be scheduled in the cooler parts of the day, with plenty of shade and fresh water.

By combining careful breeding, informed puppy selection, and conscientious daily management, many potential health problems can be reduced or managed. Prospective owners should feel comfortable asking breeders about health tests, longevity in their lines, and any known issues. A responsible breeder will be open and honest, and supportive throughout the dog’s life.

History & Origins

The Broholmer is one of Denmark’s national treasures, with roots that reach back several centuries. It belongs to the family of large mastiff type dogs that were once found all over Europe, used for guarding estates, farms, and sometimes for hunting large game. In Denmark, these dogs evolved into a distinct type associated with noble families and large properties.

The breed takes its name from the Broholm estate on the island of Funen. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Count Niels Frederik Bernhard Sehested played a key role in developing and stabilizing the type of dog that would become known as the Broholmer. He gathered large dogs from across the country and carefully bred them for certain qualities. His goal was a powerful yet controlled guardian that could protect property, accompany hunts for stag and other big game, and still be manageable in daily life.

These early Broholmers were valued for their courage, strong guarding instincts, and calm behavior around familiar people. They were often found at manors and large farms, watching gates, courtyards, and herds. Their job was to act as a visible deterrent to thieves and to stand their ground if needed. At the same time, they were expected to live closely with their human families and farm staff, so a stable temperament was essential.

Like many traditional working breeds, the Broholmer’s fortunes declined as society changed. Industrialization, two World Wars, and shifts in farming and land ownership all contributed to the loss of the big estate guardian dogs. By the mid 20th century, the Broholmer was so rare that it was considered close to extinct. Only a few dogs that resembled the old type remained in rural areas.

In the 1970s, a dedicated group of Danish dog enthusiasts and breeders, with support from the Danish Kennel Club, began a serious effort to recreate and restore the Broholmer. They searched the countryside for dogs that matched the old descriptions and images of the breed. Selective breeding, strict criteria, and careful documentation were used to rebuild the population. The newly formed breed club played a central role in safeguarding both health and temperament.

This revival project was not about creating a fashionable show dog. It was about preserving a piece of Danish cultural heritage. The breeders focused on the original qualities: a large but functional body, a calm and steady character, and the instinct to guard home and family. Over time, the Broholmer was recognized again as an official breed, with a standard that reflects these historical roots.

Today, the Broholmer is still relatively rare outside Scandinavia, though small populations can be found in several European countries and a few other parts of the world. Modern Broholmers are primarily family companions and guardians. They may also participate in activities such as obedience, tracking, and temperament tests that reflect their working heritage. In Denmark, the breed holds a special place as a symbol of traditional country life and national history.

What has remained consistent from the past to the present is the essence of the Broholmer’s character. Whether standing at the gate of an old estate or resting in the living room of a modern home, this is a dog whose main duty is to watch, protect, and share life closely with its people. Understanding this background helps explain why the breed is so attached to its family and why stability and self control are at the heart of the breed standard.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Broholmer is a rich experience, but it is also a serious commitment that should not be taken lightly. This is not an apartment dog for a first time owner who simply wants a big, impressive pet. The Broholmer’s ideal home is one where people appreciate its calm presence, respect its needs as a guardian type, and are prepared to manage a large, strong dog responsibly.

Space is an important consideration. A Broholmer can adapt to a variety of living situations as long as its needs are met, but it will be more comfortable in a home with enough room to move freely. A house with a securely fenced garden is ideal, since it allows the dog to patrol a bit, relax outdoors, and stretch its legs. Fences need to be high and solid enough to suit a dog of this size. Invisible fences are generally not recommended for guardian breeds, as they do not prevent other animals or people from entering the property.

Inside the home, a Broholmer tends to choose a central spot where it can observe its people. You will need to plan for:

• A large, thick bed or mattress in a quiet but central location
• Enough floor space for the dog to turn around comfortably
• Non slip surfaces or rugs to help with stability, particularly as the dog ages

This breed is very people oriented. Leaving a Broholmer alone for long working days, five days a week, will often lead to stress and unwanted behaviors. If your schedule is busy, think ahead about dog walkers, daycare options that understand large guardian breeds, or sharing responsibility within the household. A Broholmer wants to be part of daily life, not an ornament in the yard.

Financially, owning a large dog is more expensive than many people expect. Costs to budget for include:

• High quality large breed food, with considerable monthly consumption
• Regular veterinary care, vaccinations, and preventive treatments
• Potential extra costs for specialist joint or heart checks
• Strong equipment such as wide leather or heavy duty nylon collars, robust leads, and secure harnesses
• Large beds, crates, and transport solutions such as a safe car crate or barrier
• Higher boarding or pet sitting fees in some areas due to size

Insurance, where available, is often a wise choice for a breed of this size, since surgery and emergency treatment for conditions like bloat can be costly.

Daily life with a Broholmer is generally calm and predictable when the dog is well raised. Morning might start with a steady walk around the neighborhood, greeting familiar faces with quiet interest. During the day, the dog may rest while you work from home, occasionally checking the garden or lying near your desk. In the afternoon or evening, another walk, some gentle training, or a game of scent searching can provide mental and physical stimulation. Evenings are often spent lounging near the family, listening and watching more than actively demanding attention.

However, prospective owners should be prepared for the adolescent phase, which can be challenging. From around 6 months to 2 years, Broholmers grow rapidly and may test boundaries. A young, mostly grown Broholmer that forgets its size can knock things over, bump into people, and pull on the leash. This is the time when consistent training, patience, and a sense of humor are needed most. Those who invest effort during this period are rewarded with a mature dog that is a pleasure to live with.

Visitors and social expectations must also be considered. Not everyone is comfortable meeting a large, watchful dog at the door. Good management might involve teaching your Broholmer to go to its bed when the doorbell rings, using baby gates to separate dog and guests at first, and making sure introductions are calm and controlled. You are always responsible for keeping both your dog and other people safe and comfortable.

Travel and holidays require extra planning. Not all hotels, rentals, or public transport systems welcome large breeds, and some countries or regions have restrictions on mastiff type dogs. A solid recall, good leash manners, and the ability to settle quietly in unfamiliar places make travel much easier.

At the heart of living with a Broholmer lies a strong partnership. This is a dog that will quietly watch over your home, walk at your side through changing seasons, and read your moods with surprising sensitivity. In return, it asks for your time, leadership, and care. For the right person or family, especially those who appreciate a calm, devoted guardian rather than a high energy sports dog, the Broholmer can be an extraordinary companion and a deeply valued member of the household.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of temperament does the Broholmer have with family and strangers?

This is typically a calm, confident, and strongly devoted family dog that bonds closely with its household. It tends to be reserved and watchful with strangers rather than outgoing, which reflects its traditional role as a guardian. Proper socialization from a young age is important to prevent overprotective behavior.

Is the Broholmer a good choice for first‑time dog owners?

Its stable temperament can be forgiving, but the breed’s size, strength, and protective instincts can be challenging for someone with no large‑breed experience. First‑time owners must be prepared to invest in consistent training, early socialization, and clear rules. Working with a reputable breeder and trainer is especially important.

How much exercise does a Broholmer need and what type is best?

Despite its large frame, this is not a high‑energy dog, but it does need regular, moderate exercise to stay fit and mentally balanced. Daily walks along with some free movement in a secure area are usually sufficient. High‑impact activities such as repeated jumping or forced running should be limited, especially while the dog is still growing.

What are the most common health problems in Broholmers?

Like many giant breeds, they are prone to hip and elbow dysplasia and can be at risk for gastric torsion, also called bloat. Some lines may also show heart issues and joint problems due to rapid growth. Health‑tested parents, careful weight management, and appropriate exercise can help reduce these risks.

How much grooming does a Broholmer require and do they shed a lot?

The short, dense coat is relatively low maintenance and usually needs only weekly brushing to remove loose hair and distribute skin oils. They are seasonal shedders and can lose a substantial amount of hair during shedding periods. Regular nail trimming, ear checks, and dental care are still important due to their size and longevity.

Can a Broholmer live in an apartment or small home?

Size is the main challenge rather than activity level. A large, calm dog like this can adapt to an apartment if there is enough floor space, safe access to elevators or stairs, and a predictable routine of outdoor walks. However, many individuals are more comfortable in a home with easy access to a secure yard.

How protective is the Broholmer and do they make good guard dogs?

The breed was historically used as a watchdog and estate guardian, so a natural protective instinct is common. Most individuals are not aggressive by default, but they are vigilant, imposing, and will react if they perceive a real threat. Clear training and good socialization are essential so they learn to distinguish normal situations from genuine danger.

What should I know about Broholmer puppies and their growth?

Puppies grow very rapidly into heavy, powerful adults, which puts stress on developing joints. They should be kept lean, fed a large‑breed appropriate diet, and protected from excessive jumping or stair climbing during the first year to protect hips and elbows. Controlled, steady growth is healthier than pushing for maximum size.

Are Broholmers good with children and other pets?

Many are patient and gentle with children in their own family, provided interactions are supervised and respectful. Their sheer size means they can accidentally knock young children over, so supervision is always important. With proper introductions and training, they usually coexist well with other dogs and pets, although some may be reserved around unfamiliar animals.

How rare is the Broholmer and how does that affect finding a puppy?

It is still a relatively rare breed outside of its native region, with a small global population and limited breeding programs. This can mean waiting lists, higher travel costs, and the need to be flexible about timing and location when seeking a puppy. Choosing a breeder who prioritizes health testing and stable temperament is especially important in a small gene pool.

Sources

• Dansk Kennel Klub (DKK)
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Société Centrale Canine (France)
• Broholmerselskabet (Denmark Broholmer Society)