Landseer

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Impressive giant breed known for its striking black and white coat and gentle, dignified nature
• Traditionally used as a water rescue and companion dog, especially popular in parts of Europe
• Friendly and people focused, usually excellent with children when properly trained and supervised
• Needs plenty of space, steady training, and regular brushing to keep that magnificent coat comfortable and clean
• Best suited to committed owners who enjoy an active outdoor lifestyle and do not mind mud, drool, and dog hair

Appearance & Coat

The Landseer is a large, powerful dog with a calm and noble presence. At first glance many people mistake the Landseer for a black and white Newfoundland, and there is a historical connection between them. In several European countries the Landseer is recognised as a distinct breed with its own standard and a somewhat lighter, more athletic look than the traditional Newfoundland. Adult males are often taller and more imposing than females, with a broad head and strong bone, yet the overall impression should never be clumsy or coarse. The body is slightly longer than it is high, with a deep chest, strong back, and well muscled hindquarters that provide plenty of drive when moving. A well bred Landseer should move with a long, ground covering stride that looks effortless for such a big dog.

The head is broad but not blocky, with a clear stop and a strong, straight muzzle. The expression is one of kindness and attentiveness rather than sharpness. Dark, medium sized eyes are set well apart and give that classic soft, thoughtful look that fans of the breed love. Ears are relatively small compared to the head, triangular, and lie close to the cheeks. The tail is thick at the base and carried low when relaxed, rising slightly in motion but not curling over the back.

The Landseer coat is one of the breed’s most striking features. It is a dense, water resistant double coat with a moderately long, slightly wavy outer layer and a thick undercoat that protects the dog in cold water and harsh weather. The texture should feel substantial and protective without being wiry. Accepted color is a clear white ground with distinct black markings. Typically you will see a black head with a white muzzle blaze and well defined black patches over the body and croup. Too many small spots or heavily mottled ticking is usually less desirable in the show ring, but for a family companion that is only a cosmetic point.

Coat care is an important part of Landseer ownership. This is not a wash and wear breed. To keep the coat healthy and comfortable you should plan on brushing thoroughly at least two or three times a week, and daily during seasonal shedding periods in spring and autumn. A large slicker brush and a metal comb that can reach the undercoat are basic tools. Many owners also use an undercoat rake to remove loose hair without damaging the outer coat. Focus specially on areas prone to mats, such as behind the ears, under the collar, in the armpits, and around the hindquarters and tail. Without regular grooming, tangles can quickly develop into felted mats that are uncomfortable and can irritate the skin.

Bathing every 1 to 2 months, or whenever your Landseer becomes very dirty, helps keep the coat and skin in good condition. Because the coat is water resistant it takes time to get fully wet and time to dry, so plan baths when you have enough hours for thorough drying. Many owners use a high velocity dog dryer to blow water out of the undercoat and reduce drying time. In addition to coat care, nails should be trimmed regularly, and ears checked and cleaned to prevent wax buildup and infections, especially in dogs that enjoy swimming. With consistent care the Landseer’s coat will reward you by staying shiny, clean looking, and wonderfully touchable.

Temperament & Personality

The Landseer is often described as a gentle giant, and that captures their essence very well. They are typically calm, stable, and affectionate dogs who form deep bonds with their families. Most Landseers thrive on human company and prefer to be where their people are, whether that is relaxing in the living room, following you from room to room, or joining you in the garden. They are usually not one person dogs in the sense of ignoring others. Instead they tend to share their affection with the whole household and often show a special softness toward children.

Around kids, a well socialised Landseer is usually patient and tolerant. Their size, however, is a double edged sword. Young Landseers can be clumsy and may accidentally knock over small children in their excitement. For that reason thoughtful supervision is essential. Teach children to treat the dog with respect, to avoid pulling ears or tail, and to leave the dog alone when resting or eating. In return, many families find the Landseer to be a devoted and gentle playmate, happy to join quiet games in the yard or simply lie nearby while homework or crafts are done.

With strangers the Landseer is generally friendly or at least politely reserved. Most are not naturally suspicious or aggressive, but they do have a protective element in that they will often place themselves between their family and something they find concerning. The sheer size and deep bark of a Landseer can be a strong deterrent even if the dog is actually a big softie. Proper socialisation from puppyhood is essential so that the dog learns what is normal and does not feel the need to worry about every new person or situation.

When it comes to other dogs, many Landseers are sociable and get along well, especially if introduced to other dogs regularly when young. However, adult males can sometimes be assertive with other large males, and any giant breed can cause harm if a conflict escalates, even if they did not start it. Early training, careful introductions, and paying attention to canine body language will go a long way. With smaller pets such as cats or rabbits, individual temperament matters. Many Landseers live peacefully with resident cats if raised with them and taught to be gentle, but rough play must be discouraged because of their size.

Indoors, mature Landseers are often surprisingly relaxed. They are not usually hyper or constantly in motion. A typical adult is content to stretch out on a cool floor, keeping an eye on the household. The puppy and adolescent stages are another story. Young Landseers are energetic, curious, and sometimes boisterous. They need firm but kind guidance to learn house rules, where to rest, and how to behave calmly around guests. Without that guidance they may develop annoying habits such as leaning heavily into people who do not want to be jumped on, counter surfing for food, or greeting visitors like a furry freight train.

Common challenges with the breed include drool, shedding, and the general inconvenience that comes with living with a very large dog. Some Landseers drool quite a bit, especially after drinking or when excited. Owners soon get used to keeping towels handy near the water bowl. The coat sheds all year, with heavier seasonal blowouts, so people who dislike hair on clothes and furniture will need to reconsider or commit to frequent vacuuming. They also need sufficient mental and physical exercise. A bored Landseer may resort to digging, chewing, or other creative but undesirable activities. For families who appreciate their kind nature and can manage their size and needs, the Landseer can be a loyal, deeply satisfying companion.

Training & Exercise

Training a Landseer is usually a rewarding experience, but it requires consistency, patience, and respect for the dog’s size and growth. The breed is typically intelligent, willing to please, and sensitive to the tone of your voice. Harsh corrections or heavy handed methods can damage trust and cause a dog to shut down or become stubborn. A better approach is reward based training that uses food, toys, praise, and affection as motivators. Most Landseers respond beautifully to clear, gentle guidance, and many enjoy the mental challenge of learning.

Basic obedience should start as soon as your puppy comes home. Early lessons include walking politely on a lead, coming when called, sitting and lying down on cue, and learning to settle on a mat or bed. Because your cute 10 kilogram puppy will soon weigh 50 to 70 kilograms or more, manners are not optional. Good habits formed early help prevent future problems such as pulling you down the street, jumping on guests, or refusing to move when asked. Keep training sessions short, fun, and positive, especially in the beginning. Young Landseers have relatively short attention spans, and it is better to end on a success after 5 minutes than to drag on until the puppy gets bored.

Socialisation is another key part of training. A well socialised Landseer is confident and at ease in different environments, from busy city streets to quiet forest paths. Gently introduce your puppy to all kinds of people, other dogs that you know are friendly and vaccinated, different surfaces, sounds, and situations. Allow the puppy to observe at a comfortable distance rather than forcing contact. Reward calm curiosity with treats and praise. This careful foundation will help prevent fearfulness later in life, which is especially important in a large, strong breed.

When it comes to exercise, Landseers are active but not frantic. As adults they enjoy long, steady walks, hikes, and of course swimming whenever possible. Many individuals have a natural love of water and will happily retrieve toys from lakes or the sea. However, you must be careful not to over exercise a growing puppy. The joints and bones of a giant breed develop slowly, and excessive running, jumping, or climbing stairs can contribute to joint problems in later life. A useful guideline is to provide several short, gentle walks and play sessions spread through the day rather than one long, intense outing. As your dog matures, your breeder or veterinarian can help you adjust exercise levels safely.

Mentally, the Landseer benefits from having a job to do. That job does not have to be anything formal, although many owners enjoy participating in activities like water rescue training, obedience, rally, tracking, or even gentle cart pulling once the dog is physically mature. At home, you can use puzzle feeders, scent games, and simple training exercises to challenge your dog’s brain. For example, hide a few treats around the garden and encourage your dog to find them, or teach new tricks like shaking paws, turning in a circle, or carrying light objects. Regular mental work helps prevent boredom and strengthens the bond between you.

A realistic weekly routine for an adult Landseer might include:

• Two daily walks of 45 to 60 minutes each, at a moderate pace
• Off lead time in a safe, fenced area or natural environment where allowed
• One or two swimming sessions per week during suitable weather
• Short daily training sessions for obedience or tricks
• Several mental enrichment games spread through the week

Owners should always adapt activity levels to the individual dog. Some Landseers are more energetic and keen to work, while others are content with modest exercise. Monitor your dog for signs of fatigue or discomfort, especially in hot weather, since large, coated breeds can overheat more easily. With balanced training and exercise, a Landseer becomes a steady, responsive companion who fits smoothly into family life.

Health

Like all purebred dogs, the Landseer has certain health issues that potential owners should be aware of. Responsible breeders work hard to minimise these risks through thoughtful breeding, health testing, and careful selection of breeding dogs. However, even with the best efforts, no breeder can guarantee that a puppy will never have health problems, especially in a large and fast growing breed.

Orthopedic issues are among the most significant concerns. Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia can affect Landseers, as they do many giant breeds. These conditions involve abnormal development of the joints, which can lead to pain, lameness, and arthritis later in life. Good breeders have hips and elbows of their dogs screened through recognised schemes such as X ray based evaluations, and they breed only from animals with acceptable scores. As an owner, you can support healthy joints by keeping your Landseer lean rather than overweight, feeding a balanced diet formulated for large breed puppies and adults, and avoiding excessive impact on growing joints.

Another issue that can affect Landseers is certain heart conditions, such as subaortic stenosis or dilated cardiomyopathy. Responsible breeders often have their breeding dogs examined by veterinary cardiologists. This may involve ultrasound, ECG, or other tests, depending on local practices. Regular veterinary check ups for your own dog are important because early detection and management can improve quality of life if heart disease is present.

Because the Landseer is a deep chested breed, there is also a risk of gastric torsion, commonly known as bloat. This is a serious, life threatening emergency where the stomach fills with gas and may twist on itself. Owners can reduce risk by feeding two or three smaller meals per day instead of one large meal, avoiding vigorous exercise immediately before or after eating, and using slow feeder bowls if the dog tends to gulp food. It is wise to learn the signs of bloat, such as a swollen abdomen, unproductive retching, restlessness, and signs of pain, and to seek veterinary help immediately if you suspect it.

Other possible health considerations include eye problems such as entropion or ectropion, where the eyelids roll inward or outward, and cystinuria, a metabolic issue that can lead to bladder stones. Some breeding programs test for hereditary conditions where reliable tests exist. When considering a puppy, ask the breeder which health checks are done on the parents and what results they have. A reputable breeder will be open and detailed about these matters and will welcome your questions.

The typical lifespan of a Landseer generally falls in the range of 8 to 10 years, although some individuals may live longer with good care and a bit of luck. As with many giant breeds, aging tends to show earlier than in smaller dogs. You can support a long, healthy life by:

• Providing a high quality diet appropriate for age and activity
• Keeping your dog at an ideal body condition, not overweight
• Scheduling regular veterinary health checks and vaccinations as recommended
• Maintaining good dental hygiene through brushing and dental chews
• Monitoring for any changes in mobility, appetite, behaviour, or breathing

Routine preventive care also includes parasite control for fleas, ticks, and worms. Because Landseers often enjoy water and nature walks, they may be more exposed to ticks and other parasites. Check the coat and skin after outings, especially in areas with long grass or wildlife. Early removal of ticks reduces the risk of tick borne diseases.

Health should always be a partnership between breeder, veterinarian, and owner. When all three work together, many issues can be prevented, managed early, or at least understood clearly. Prospective owners should choose breeders who provide health records, discuss breed specific risks honestly, and remain available for support throughout the dog’s life.

History & Origins

The Landseer’s history is woven together with that of the Newfoundland, and it stretches back to the working dogs that accompanied fishermen and settlers along the rugged coasts of Newfoundland in the North Atlantic. These early dogs were valued for their strength, swimming ability, and courage in icy waters. They helped haul nets, retrieve objects that fell overboard, and sometimes rescue people in distress. Various European sailors and traders were impressed by these big water dogs and brought them back to their home countries, where they were further developed and refined.

In the 19th century the British painter Sir Edwin Landseer became famous for his dramatic paintings of noble, black and white dogs saving drowning children or standing watch over families. His art captured the imagination of the public and firmly linked this particular coloration and type with heroic rescue work and deep loyalty. The dogs he painted contributed greatly to the romantic image of the Newfoundland type dog in Victorian society, and the black and white pattern ultimately became known as the Landseer color in his honour.

Over time, breeding in mainland Europe led to a slightly different type of dog from the Newfoundland that continued to develop in the United Kingdom and North America. In some European countries, particularly in central and northern Europe, breeders favoured a taller, somewhat lighter framed, very agile black and white dog that excelled not only in water work but also as a versatile family companion. This evolving type eventually became recognised as the Landseer as a separate breed in its own right by several kennel clubs and international organisations, with its own breed standard and registration.

Today, the Landseer is recognised as a distinct breed by various European kennel clubs and by international canine organisations. In some other countries, including parts of the English speaking world, black and white dogs of this type may still be registered within the Newfoundland breed, which can sometimes cause confusion for prospective owners reading about them. Regardless of the registration details, the Landseer remains deeply associated with water rescue work and the classic heroic image created in the 19th century.

Modern Landseers are still used in organised water rescue in some regions, where they take part in structured training and demonstrations. These activities showcase their strength in swimming, their willingness to tow boats or people, and their natural inclination to head toward the water rather than away from it. The sight of a powerful Landseer leaping into a lake to retrieve a floating person or object is both impressive and a living echo of the breed’s historical purpose.

Beyond water work, the Landseer today is mostly a family dog and companion, sometimes also seen in obedience, therapy work, and other canine sports that are suitable for a large, steady dog. Their calm character and social nature make them well suited for roles where a reassuring presence is needed, such as visiting hospitals or care homes. In these modern tasks, just as in the past, the Landseer’s defining qualities remain the same. Courage in difficult conditions, devotion to people, and a combination of strength and gentleness continue to shape the breed and explain its enduring appeal to those who know it well.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Landseer is a rich and rewarding experience, but it also brings serious responsibilities and daily practical considerations. Anyone thinking about this breed should take a clear, honest look at their lifestyle, home environment, and budget before taking the plunge.

First, space matters. Landseers are big, physically imposing dogs. They need room to move around without constantly bumping into furniture or people. A house with a garden or access to safe outdoor areas is strongly preferable. While a Landseer can adapt to life in a town or city if given enough walks and mental stimulation, a cramped apartment at the top of many stairs is unlikely to be ideal for such a large, heavy dog. Smooth, non slippery flooring is helpful, as giant breeds can struggle on polished surfaces where they cannot get a grip.

Daily care and time commitment are significant. Beyond walks and training, you need to account for grooming sessions several times a week, cleaning up shed hair, wiping drool, and general household adjustments. Many owners keep extra towels near doors to deal with wet paws and muddy coats after walks. A large, comfortable dog bed, or even several beds in different rooms, gives your Landseer a proper place to rest. Because of their size, these beds and other equipment such as crates and travel harnesses will be more expensive than items for a small dog.

Financially, prospective owners should budget for higher than average costs. A giant breed eats more food, needs bigger doses of medications, larger crates, stronger leads, and more robust toys. Yearly costs will vary by country and lifestyle, but you can expect:

• High quality dog food for a giant breed, which can be a substantial monthly expense
• Regular veterinary care including vaccinations, flea and tick preventives, and possibly insurance premiums that are higher for large dogs
• Occasional professional grooming if you choose not to manage all coat care at home
• Replacement of large beds, leads, and toys as they wear out

Environmental considerations also play a role. Landseers typically cope well with cold weather due to their thick coats, but they can struggle in hot, humid conditions. Owners in warm climates need to be especially careful about heat stroke. This includes providing plenty of shade, fresh water, and cooler walking times early in the morning or later in the evening. Air conditioning or at least a cool, well ventilated room is a significant benefit during heat waves.

Travel and transport should be planned in advance. A fully grown Landseer may not fit comfortably in a small car, particularly if you also have children or luggage. A large estate car, SUV, or van with a secure crate or barrier is often necessary to transport the dog safely. Teaching your Landseer to load calmly into the vehicle and settle during journeys will make trips to the vet, training classes, or holidays easier for everyone.

Emotionally, Landseers thrive when they are included in family life. They do not enjoy being shut away from their people for long hours every day. If everyone in the household works full time outside the home, arrangements such as a trusted dog walker, day care, or a flexible schedule will be important. A bored, lonely giant dog can become destructive or depressed. On the positive side, when a Landseer is integrated into daily routines, they often develop a wonderfully gentle, observant presence, quietly keeping you company during your activities.

Useful equipment for living with a Landseer includes:

• A strong, comfortable harness or wide collar and solid lead for walks
• Non slip mats or rugs on slippery floors
• A raised feeding stand if recommended by your vet, so the dog does not have to bend too low
• Large, stainless steel bowls for food and water, easy to clean and durable
• A quality brush, metal comb, and undercoat rake for grooming
• A vehicle ramp if your dog struggles to jump in and out of the car as they age

Finally, potential owners must reflect on the emotional side of owning a giant breed with a shorter average lifespan than many smaller dogs. Landseers can become deeply loved family members, and saying goodbye after 8 to 10 years can be very hard. For many people, the years of companionship, laughter, and quiet friendship more than compensate for this, but it is something to consider.

Living with a Landseer means living with size, presence, and responsibility, but also with a dog that offers extraordinary loyalty, gentleness, and heart. If you have the time, space, and dedication to meet their needs, a Landseer can become one of the most memorable companions you will ever have.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the Landseer a separate breed from the Newfoundland or just a color variety?

In some European countries the Landseer is recognized as a separate breed with its own standard, while in others it is considered a black and white variety of the Newfoundland. The Landseer type is generally leggier, slightly lighter in build, and has a distinctive black and white pattern rather than solid colors. Prospective owners should check how their national kennel club classifies the dog, especially if they plan to show or breed.

What kind of temperament does a Landseer typically have with family and children?

This is usually a very gentle, patient, and people-oriented giant. They tend to be affectionate with their family and can be excellent with children when properly socialized and supervised. Their size and strength require adults to teach both the dog and children how to interact safely, especially during adolescence when the dog can be boisterous.

How much exercise does a Landseer need and what activities are best for this breed?

Daily moderate exercise is important, typically 45 to 90 minutes split across the day for an adult. They enjoy steady walks, swimming, carting, and low-impact activities rather than intense running or jumping. Because they are a giant, fast-growing breed, puppies should avoid heavy exercise and stairs to protect their joints.

Are Landseers good swimmers and do they need access to water to be happy?

They are natural water dogs with strong swimming ability and a traditional history in water rescue. Many individuals love to swim and work in water, but they do not require daily access to a lake or sea to be well adjusted. Regular mental stimulation and outdoor time are more important, with swimming as an excellent bonus when safely available.

What are the common health problems in Landseers that owners should be aware of?

Like many giant breeds, they are prone to hip and elbow dysplasia, cruciate ligament issues, and bloat or gastric torsion. Heart disease, especially subaortic stenosis, and certain orthopedic and eye problems can also occur. Choosing breeders who screen for hips, elbows, and heart issues and managing weight and activity sensibly can reduce some risks but not remove them entirely.

How much grooming and shedding can I expect with a Landseer’s coat?

They have a thick, water-resistant double coat that sheds year-round with heavier seasonal shedding. Weekly brushing is usually the minimum to control dead hair and prevent mats, and during shedding seasons more frequent work is needed. Owners should also expect drool on furnishings and some “doggy” odor if the coat is not dried well after swimming.

Can a Landseer live comfortably in an apartment or small home?

Size alone makes this breed challenging in very small spaces, especially in buildings with many stairs or limited outdoor access. A calm, well-trained adult may cope in a spacious apartment with an elevator and reliable daily outdoor exercise. Most do best in homes that offer easy access to a garden or yard and enough room to move and lie down comfortably.

How trainable is a Landseer and what is their typical working style?

They are intelligent and generally eager to please but also thoughtful and somewhat independent. Many respond well to calm, consistent training that uses rewards and clear boundaries rather than harsh methods. Their working style is steady and reliable rather than highly driven, which suits water rescue and family companionship more than intense sport work.

At what age is a Landseer fully grown, and how large do they typically get?

Growth in height slows around 12 to 18 months, but they continue to fill out until about 2.5 to 3 years of age. Adult males are often very large and imposing, with females slightly smaller, yet both are firmly in the giant breed category. Owners need to be prepared for the cost and logistics of a dog that can weigh well over many standard large breeds.

Is a Landseer a good choice for a first-time dog owner?

A calm and well-bred individual can be forgiving for a dedicated first-time owner, but the size and strength demand commitment. New owners must be ready for early socialization, consistent training, substantial food and veterinary costs, and managing drool and shedding. Those who are unsure about handling a giant breed may be better served by gaining experience with a smaller, less demanding dog first.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (DKK)
• Norsk Kennel Klub (NKK)