Newfoundland

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Gentle giant known for a calm nature and deep affection for people, especially children
• Powerful water dog originally bred for lifesaving and heavy work in harsh coastal climates
• Dense, water resistant double coat that sheds heavily and needs consistent grooming
• Naturally strong swimmer with large, webbed feet and a broad, muscular body
• Thrives in close contact with the family and often struggles if left alone too much

Appearance & Coat

The Newfoundland is one of the true heavyweights of the dog world, both in size and in heart. This is a large, strongly built working dog with a broad head, deep chest, and substantial bone throughout. Adult males typically stand around 71 centimeters at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller at about 66 centimeters. Weight often ranges from 50 to 70 kilograms, sometimes more for big males in excellent condition. Despite their bulk, a well bred Newfoundland should never look clumsy. The body is slightly longer than tall, with a level topline and powerful hindquarters that give the breed surprising agility in water and on land.

The head is one of the most recognizable features. It is broad and massive with a gently rounded skull, well developed muzzle, and soft, intelligent eyes that usually appear dark brown. The expression should be kind and thoughtful, never sharp or nervous. The ears are relatively small compared to the head, set well back, and lie flat against the sides. Many people are struck by how expressive a Newfoundland’s face can be. Owners often say they can read their dog’s mood just by looking into those deep, soulful eyes.

The coat is a true working coat designed to protect the dog in cold, wet conditions. It consists of a thick, slightly oily undercoat and a harsher, water resistant outer coat. It should lie flat and feel firm to the touch without being wiry. When a Newfoundland comes out of the water, you can often see the water bead and run off instead of soaking in completely. This coat structure is part of what makes them such strong, confident swimmers.

Recognized colors include solid black, brown, and white and black. Some registries also accept Landseer type coloring, which is predominantly white with distinct black patches. In practice you may see:

• Solid black with or without slight white markings on chest or toes
• Solid brown, which can range from deep chocolate to slightly lighter shades
• White and black, often with a black head and saddle pattern

Coat care is a serious commitment. A Newfoundland sheds year round and usually has one or two heavier shedding periods each year. To keep the coat healthy and to manage hair in the home, plan for thorough brushing at least two or three times per week, and daily during shedding seasons. Use a sturdy slicker brush or pin brush to work through the outer coat, then a metal comb to check for hidden tangles near the skin, especially behind the ears, in the armpits, and under the tail. Regular grooming helps prevent matting, which can become painful and trap moisture against the skin.

Bathing should be done when the dog is dirty or has developed a doggy odor, but not so frequently that it strips the natural oils from the coat. Many owners bathe their Newfoundlands every couple of months, more often for dogs that swim in lakes or the sea. Because of the size and density of the coat, drying takes time. A strong dog dryer or professional grooming help can be very useful. Trimming the hair between the pads and around the feet keeps the dog comfortable and reduces the amount of mud tracked into the house.

It is also worth noting that many Newfoundlands drool, particularly after drinking or when they are hot. Keeping a dedicated towel handy and wiping the mouth and face regularly helps maintain a clean, healthy appearance and protects your furniture and clothes.

Temperament & Personality

The Newfoundland is often described as a gentle giant, and this is not just a marketing phrase. At their best, these dogs combine calm confidence with deep loyalty and a strong desire to be close to their people. They tend to form very strong bonds with their families and prefer to spend as much time as possible in the same room as their humans. Many owners quickly learn that privacy becomes a rare luxury, as their Newfoundland will quietly follow them from room to room and settle down nearby, just to be part of the daily routine.

With children, a well socialized Newfoundland is usually patient and tolerant. Their size alone demands careful supervision, especially around very young or unsteady children, but the breed is generally known for being considerate and careful. Many families appreciate the way a Newfoundland will quietly lie beside kids playing on the floor or calmly watch over them in the garden. Their protective instinct tends to be subtle rather than sharp. Instead of barking constantly, they rely on their presence and calm demeanor to make strangers think twice. That said, a Newfoundland will take its responsibilities seriously and may place itself between its family and anything it perceives as a threat.

With other dogs and pets, the Newfoundland is typically friendly and steady. They are not usually quarrelsome by nature, but early socialization is important to keep this natural good nature intact. Their size can intimidate smaller dogs, and some Newfoundlands do not always realize how big they are. Controlled meetings, puppy classes, and positive introductions to a variety of dogs, people, and environments will help your Newfoundland grow up to be a confident and relaxed adult. Many Newfoundlands live peacefully with cats and other household animals when introduced correctly and taught respectful behavior from the beginning.

The calm personality of the breed does not mean that every Newfoundland is automatically well behaved. A bored or under stimulated Newfoundland can develop unwanted behaviors such as excessive barking, chewing furniture, or pulling on the lead with considerable strength. Adolescence in such a large dog can be challenging. They may become clumsy, testing boundaries while still mentally immature. Owners need patience, consistency, and a sense of humor to guide their young giant through this phase without creating tension.

Another important aspect of the Newfoundland’s temperament is their sensitivity. These dogs often respond poorly to harsh voices or rough handling. They read human emotions well and can become stressed if there is constant conflict in the home. A firm but kind approach works best. Clear routines, gentle corrections, and plenty of praise when they get it right will encourage their cooperative nature. When they feel secure and understood, Newfoundlands tend to be very willing to please.

Potential challenges include drooling, heavy shedding, and the sheer practical reality of living with such a large dog. They may believe they are lapdogs and will try to climb onto sofas or lean their full weight into your legs. Training good manners early helps prevent accidents, especially in homes with elderly family members or very young children who could be knocked over by an enthusiastic greeting.

In everyday life, the Newfoundland is usually at their happiest when involved. Whether that means resting at your feet while you work, joining family outings, or accompanying you on walks, they thrive on companionship. This is not a breed that enjoys being left alone in the yard for long hours. Their emotional needs are as large as their physical presence, and meeting both is key to a balanced, happy Newfoundland.

Training & Exercise

Training a Newfoundland is often a pleasure, but it also requires forethought and consistency. These dogs are intelligent and capable, yet they tend to have a thoughtful, sometimes slightly independent way of working. They were bred to make decisions in challenging conditions, such as rough water or heavy work alongside fishermen, so they often assess what you ask rather than obey instantly without thinking. This thoughtful nature can be mistaken for stubbornness, but in most cases they simply need clear guidance and motivation.

Positive reinforcement training is the most effective approach. Newfoundlands usually respond very well to rewards such as small food treats, calm praise, and physical affection. Heavy handed methods and punishment can damage their trust and may result in a dog that either shuts down or pushes back. Instead, keep training sessions short, varied, and enjoyable. Puppies can start with basics such as sit, down, come, and gentle leash walking. Many owners find that breaking training into several 5 to 10 minute sessions throughout the day works better than one long session, especially with young dogs.

Because of the breed’s size and strength, early training focused on manners is vital. Key skills to prioritize include:

• Walking politely on a loose lead
• Coming when called, even around mild distractions
• Waiting at doors or gateways rather than barging through
• Learning to relax on a mat or in a designated resting place

A full grown Newfoundland that pulls or jumps up can be very difficult to manage physically, even for a strong adult. Investing time in early training saves a great deal of trouble later.

Exercise needs for this breed are moderate but must be consistent. Despite their working background, most pet Newfoundlands are not high energy in the same way as some herding or hunting breeds. They enjoy activity, but they also enjoy resting. For adults, a combination of daily walks, free movement in a secure area, and mental stimulation typically keeps them satisfied. Many will happily accompany their owners on long, steady walks rather than fast runs. Because of their weight and joint structure, repetitive high impact exercise such as long distance running beside a bicycle is not recommended, especially on hard surfaces.

Puppies and young dogs require special care with exercise. Their growing joints and bones are vulnerable to overexertion. Avoid long hikes, jumping from high surfaces, and stairs when possible during the first year to 18 months. Short, frequent walks on soft ground, gentle play, and controlled swimming are usually safer ways to tire out a growing Newfoundland without placing excessive stress on their developing frame. If in doubt, aim for mental enrichment and calm training games rather than more physical exertion.

Many Newfoundlands absolutely love water. Swimming is an excellent exercise choice for healthy dogs, as it supports their joints while allowing them to use their natural strength. Water rescue work and water trials are popular activities in many countries and can be a wonderful way to bond with your Newfoundland. Other enjoyable activities include obedience, carting, tracking, and even gentle hiking. Their natural desire to help can be channeled into tasks such as carrying a backpack on walks or pulling a light cart once fully matured.

Mental stimulation is sometimes overlooked with gentle, relaxed breeds, but it is just as important as physical exercise. Food puzzles, scent games in the garden, basic trick training, and structured play help keep your Newfoundland’s mind engaged. A mentally satisfied Newfoundland is more likely to be calm and content at home, rather than restless or demanding attention.

In summary, successful training and exercise with a Newfoundland center on respect for the dog’s physical structure and mental character. Use kind methods, maintain a steady routine, and choose activities that match their love of water, people, and purposeful work. When these needs are met, the Newfoundland often becomes an exceptionally reliable and cooperative companion.

Health

Like many large and giant breeds, the Newfoundland faces some particular health challenges that prospective owners should understand before bringing one into the family. Responsible breeders work hard to reduce the risk of hereditary conditions through health testing and careful selection, but no line is entirely free of risk. Awareness and proactive care can make a significant difference to a Newfoundland’s quality of life and lifespan.

One of the most commonly discussed concerns is joint health. Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia are structural problems where the joints do not fit together perfectly. Over time this can cause pain, lameness, and arthritis. Ethical breeders typically screen breeding dogs with official hip and elbow evaluations. As an owner, you can support healthy joints by:

• Keeping your Newfoundland at a lean, healthy weight
• Avoiding excessive jumping and rough impact exercise in young dogs
• Using non slip flooring in the home to reduce the chance of falls

Another important issue in the breed is heart disease, particularly subvalvular aortic stenosis, often shortened to SAS. This is a congenital heart defect where narrowing below the aortic valve can affect blood flow. In severe cases it may lead to fainting episodes or sudden death. Many breed clubs strongly recommend that breeding dogs undergo cardiac examinations, sometimes including echocardiography performed by a veterinary cardiologist. As a pet owner, regular veterinary check ups and prompt investigation of any signs of exercise intolerance or coughing are wise.

Newfoundlands may also be prone to cystinuria, a metabolic condition that can lead to the formation of urinary stones. Genetic tests exist for some forms of cystinuria, which helps responsible breeders identify carriers. Owners should watch for signs such as difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, or signs of pain around the abdomen or back. Drinking plenty of fresh water and frequent opportunities to urinate can support urinary health, although they do not replace proper veterinary guidance.

As a large, deep chested breed, Newfoundlands are at risk of gastric dilatation volvulus, often known as bloat. This is a life threatening emergency where the stomach fills with gas and can twist. Symptoms include unproductive retching, a swollen abdomen, restlessness, and signs of distress. Immediate veterinary treatment is essential. While bloat cannot be prevented with absolute certainty, feeding several smaller meals per day, avoiding vigorous exercise around mealtimes, and discussing preventive gastropexy surgery with your vet may reduce risk.

Other health considerations include:

• Eye conditions such as entropion and ectropion in some lines
• Orthopedic issues such as cruciate ligament problems
• Skin issues, particularly if the coat is not kept clean and dry in problem areas

The typical lifespan of a Newfoundland is often around 8 to 10 years, although some individuals live longer with excellent care and a bit of luck. The combination of size and genetic factors tends to limit giant breed longevity compared with smaller breeds. This makes preventive health care especially valuable. Regular veterinary check ups, scheduled vaccinations, dental care, and routine parasite control are all part of responsible ownership.

Weight management deserves special emphasis. It is easy for a large dog to carry extra kilos without it being immediately obvious, but excess weight places great strain on the heart, joints, and internal organs. A high quality, balanced diet appropriate for large or giant breeds, carefully measured portions, and monitoring body condition using touch and sight are essential habits.

When choosing a puppy, ask breeders about the health tests they perform, the typical lifespan of their dogs, and any known issues in the lines. A reputable breeder will be open and informative. For adult rescue Newfoundlands, arrange a thorough veterinary examination soon after adoption to identify any existing concerns and to plan suitable management.

While this list of potential problems can sound worrying, many Newfoundlands live full, comfortable lives. Understanding the health profile of the breed allows owners to make informed decisions, respond quickly if something is wrong, and invest in the type of prevention that truly supports their dog’s long term wellbeing.

History & Origins

The Newfoundland’s history is closely tied to the rugged coastline, harsh climate, and seafaring culture of the island of Newfoundland in Canada. For centuries, these dogs worked alongside fishermen and coastal communities in a variety of demanding roles. While the precise origins of the breed are somewhat obscured by time, it is generally believed that local working dogs were influenced by various European breeds brought by settlers, possibly including mastiff type dogs and water dogs from the British Isles and elsewhere.

Early descriptions and illustrations from the 18th and 19th centuries mention large, strong, water loving dogs on the island that helped with hauling nets, retrieving objects from the water, and even rescuing people who had fallen overboard. Stories of Newfoundlands bravely leaping into rough seas to save lives contributed greatly to their reputation as natural lifesavers. These accounts were not just romantic tales. Many documented rescues show how the breed’s powerful swimming ability, broad chest, and calm temperament allowed them to handle conditions that would overwhelm most other dogs.

As trade and travel increased, visitors to Newfoundland encountered these impressive dogs and began bringing them back to Europe. In Britain, the breed quickly attracted admirers. By the 19th century, Newfoundlands had become popular as both working companions and status symbols among the upper classes. They appear in period paintings and literature, where they are often shown as dignified, loyal companions associated with water, ships, and rescue work.

During this time, some lines developed more as land based draft dogs, pulling carts loaded with goods, fire equipment, or farm produce. Their strength, willing nature, and ability to work steadily for long periods made them valuable in many roles. In some areas, Newfoundlands were used to pull milk carts or deliver post, often navigating busy streets with impressive reliability.

Formal breed standards began to emerge as kennel clubs were established and dog shows grew in popularity. The Newfoundland’s appearance gradually became more uniform, with emphasis on its massive yet balanced structure, distinctive head, and heavy, water resistant coat. The Landseer variety, named after the painter Sir Edwin Landseer who often depicted white and black Newfoundlands in his work, also gained recognition in some countries, sometimes under separate or related breed classifications depending on regional kennel club rules.

In the modern era, the Newfoundland is rarely used for commercial fishing or heavy hauling. Instead, its traditional talents have been channeled into water rescue sports, search and rescue work, therapy dog roles, and of course, life as a devoted family companion. Organized water trials test Newfoundland dogs in exercises such as towing a boat, retrieving a swimmer, or carrying a lifeline to shore, all reflecting the type of tasks their ancestors performed in real emergencies.

Despite the shift from working dockside to living in family homes around the world, the core qualities of the Newfoundland remain anchored in its history. The strong swimming ability, steady nerves, and deep bond with humans that once made them indispensable to fishermen now make them treasured companions. When a Newfoundland quietly patrols the water’s edge watching children play, or gently guides a nervous person during therapy visits, it is easy to see the direct thread connecting today’s dog to its hardworking forebears on the stormy Atlantic coasts.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Newfoundland is both deeply rewarding and practically demanding. Prospective owners should enter the relationship with open eyes and realistic expectations. This is not a breed that fits comfortably into every lifestyle, particularly very small apartments, tightly packed city living without outdoor access, or households where the dog would be alone for long stretches every day.

One of the first realities is space. A full grown Newfoundland takes up a surprising amount of room when stretched out on the floor. Hallways feel narrower, doorways more crowded, and cars smaller as soon as a Newfoundland joins the family. While they do not need a mansion, they do appreciate enough indoor space to move comfortably and a secure outdoor area where they can relax, sniff, and stretch their legs. Stairs can be a challenge for young puppies and older dogs with joint problems, so homes with easy access to the garden and minimal slippery surfaces are ideal.

Financial commitment is another key factor. Everything for a Newfoundland is larger, from food portions to beds, harnesses, and veterinary medications. While costs vary by region, owners should budget for:

• A high quality large breed diet, often several hundred kilograms of food per year
• Routine veterinary care, including vaccines, check ups, and preventive treatments
• Occasional specialist care, especially for orthopedic or cardiac issues
• Professional grooming help if you are not able or willing to handle full coat maintenance alone

Insurance costs for a giant breed can also be higher than for smaller dogs, but many owners find coverage worthwhile given the potential cost of surgery or emergency care.

Daily life with a Newfoundland revolves around companionship and routine. These dogs are happiest when included in family activities, whether that means relaxing in the living room, going for moderate walks, or joining a family picnic. They do not suit households where the dog is regularly left alone all day. Loneliness can lead to anxiety, destructive behavior, or depression. If you work full time, arrangements such as dog walkers, dog friendly workplaces, or family members at home become especially important.

Practical equipment for living with a Newfoundland includes:

• A strong, well fitting harness or collar and a sturdy leash suitable for a powerful dog
• Large, supportive bed or mattress that cushions joints
• Non slip mats or rugs on slippery floors to prevent falls
• A high volume brush and comb for coat maintenance
• A vehicle with enough space and safe ventilation for a large dog

Because Newfoundlands enjoy cool conditions, climate is a consideration. They can struggle in hot, humid weather and require careful management during warmer months. Access to shade, fresh water, and cool indoor spaces is essential. Many owners choose to walk early in the morning and late in the evening during summer, avoiding midday heat. Some Newfoundlands appreciate a small paddling pool in the garden to cool their feet and belly, although supervision is always necessary.

Family dynamics also play a role. With children, clear rules are important. Kids should learn to respect the dog’s space, never climb on or disturb a sleeping dog, and understand that the Newfoundland is not a living toy. In return, the dog should be taught to move slowly around small children and to accept gentle handling. Consistent supervision around young children is non negotiable, not because the Newfoundland is aggressive, but simply because accidents can happen with such a large animal.

Shedding and drooling require tolerance and good cleaning habits. Hair will appear on clothing, furniture, and in unexpected corners. Regular grooming, good vacuum equipment, and washable covers on furniture help keep things manageable. For drooling, many households keep absorbent cloths near water bowls and doors. Over time, these routines become part of everyday life and most owners find the affection and companionship of their Newfoundland more than worth the extra work.

Travel and holidays need extra planning. Not all accommodations accept giant breeds, and some transport options have size or weight limits. Training your Newfoundland to settle calmly in the car, use a crate or seat belt harness, and relax in new environments will make trips easier and safer.

Ultimately, living with a Newfoundland is a partnership. If you can provide time, space, financial stability, and a warm, steady home, you will gain a deeply devoted friend. Their quiet presence, gentle temperament, and unwavering loyalty enrich daily life in countless small ways. For those who understand and embrace the responsibilities that come with such a large and sensitive breed, the Newfoundland often becomes a once in a lifetime companion.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Newfoundlands good family dogs and how do they behave with children?

They are generally very gentle, patient, and tolerant with children, which is why they are often called “nanny dogs.” Their large size, slow maturity, and sometimes clumsy movements mean supervision is still important, especially around small kids. Early socialization and training help ensure their natural kindness is expressed in a safe and manageable way.

How much exercise does a Newfoundland need and can they live in an apartment?

They need moderate daily exercise such as steady walks and opportunities to stretch out, rather than intense running or jumping. Because of their size, they are not ideal for small apartments, but a calm adult can adapt if there is regular outdoor access and an elevator. Stairs can be hard on their joints, so a home with easy ground-level access is strongly preferred.

Do Newfoundlands really like water and are they natural swimmers?

They were historically bred as water rescue and working dogs and most have a strong instinct to swim. Their webbed feet, powerful build, and water-resistant double coat make them very capable in the water. Supervision around water is still essential and young dogs should be introduced gradually so they learn safe behavior.

How much grooming and shedding should I expect with a Newfoundland?

They have a heavy double coat that sheds steadily year-round and heavily during seasonal “blow” periods. Brushing several times a week helps control mats and loose hair, and more frequent grooming is needed during shedding seasons. Regular ear care, nail trims, and attention to the fur around the ears and hindquarters are important to prevent skin issues.

What are the most common health problems in Newfoundlands?

They are prone to several orthopedic issues such as hip and elbow dysplasia, as well as heart conditions like subvalvular aortic stenosis. Cystinuria, which can cause urinary stones, is also seen in the breed. Responsible breeders screen for these problems, but owners should still be prepared for potential high veterinary costs and careful long-term management.

How big do Newfoundlands get and how much space do they need at home?

Adult males commonly weigh 130 to 150 pounds, with females somewhat smaller but still very large. They do not require a huge yard, but they do need enough indoor space to move comfortably, lie down fully stretched, and turn around without bumping into furniture. Planning for large beds, sturdy bowls, and wide walkways in the home is important.

Are Newfoundlands easy to train given their size and temperament?

They are intelligent and generally eager to please, but they can be slow to mature and somewhat sensitive. Calm, consistent, reward-based training works best and should begin early because of their rapid growth. Teaching good leash manners and impulse control is especially important due to their strength.

How well do Newfoundlands tolerate heat and what climate is best for them?

Their thick double coat is better suited to cooler climates and they can overheat easily in hot or humid weather. In warm conditions they need access to shade, cool indoor spaces, and plenty of water, and exercise should be limited to cooler parts of the day. Air conditioning is strongly recommended in hotter regions.

How much do Newfoundlands eat and what should I know about feeding such a large breed?

They eat less per pound than many smaller, high-energy breeds, but their total food intake is still significant due to their size. A high-quality large-breed formula and careful control of growth in puppies help protect their joints. Owners should monitor weight closely, as excess body condition increases the risk of orthopedic and heart problems.

Are Newfoundlands very drooly and messy inside the house?

Many individuals drool, particularly after drinking or during hot weather, and some sling saliva on walls and furniture. Their heavy coat also tracks in water and dirt, so a realistic tolerance for mess is necessary. Keeping towels near water bowls and doors, and regular grooming, can make day-to-day life more manageable.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (Denmark)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Norwegian Kennel Club