Borzoi

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Elegant Russian sighthound originally bred to hunt wolves over vast open plains
• Gentle, catlike personality at home combined with sudden bursts of incredible speed outdoors
• Tall, flowing silhouette with a long, narrow head and luxurious, wavy coat
• Typically calm and quiet indoors, but has a very strong chase instinct outdoors
• Needs thoughtful socialisation and secure exercise areas rather than endless high‑impact running

Appearance & Coat

The Borzoi is a large, aristocratic sighthound with a distinctive, flowing outline. At first glance many people think of them as a long‑haired Greyhound, but when you look more closely you see a different balance of elegance and strength. Adult males are usually taller and more powerful, while females are a little finer and more refined in build. In general, height at the shoulder ranges roughly from 68 to 85 cm, with weight commonly between 27 and 47 kg depending on sex, bone, and individual lines. The body is long and lean with a deep chest that gives plenty of room for the heart and lungs. The topline is gently arched over the loin, which is one of the features that sets the Borzoi apart from many other breeds. The ribcage is long and well sprung, then tucks up into a narrow waist that contributes to the breed’s athletic, almost sculpted look.

The head of the Borzoi is long, narrow, and refined. When viewed from above it forms a graceful wedge that tapers toward the nose. The muzzle is long and sometimes slightly Roman in profile, with tight lips and strong jaw muscles hidden beneath a delicate appearance. Almond shaped eyes give a soft, intelligent expression, and small, fine ears are usually folded back against the neck when the dog is relaxed. When alert or excited, the ears may lift and turn, giving the dog an attentive, almost deerlike look. The tail is long, set low, and carried in a gentle curve. It should never appear docked or short, since length and carriage are a key part of the traditional Borzoi outline.

The coat is one of the breed’s most beautiful features. It is long, silky, and often falls in soft waves or loose curls, particularly on the hindquarters, breeches, chest, and tail. The hair on the neck and shoulders can form an impressive frill, especially in mature males. On the head, ears, and front of the legs the coat is shorter and smoother. The texture is more important than length, and a correct Borzoi coat feels luxurious without being woolly. This type of coat helps protect the dog from harsh weather while still allowing freedom of movement. Almost every colour and pattern is permitted. You will see pure white, white with patches of gold, red, sable, black, or brindle, as well as darker solid colours with or without white markings. This wide variety is partly due to the breed’s long history and broad genetic base.

Practical coat care is easier than many newcomers expect, as long as it is done consistently. A thorough brush two or three times a week is enough for most pets, using a pin brush and a metal comb to go right down to the skin. Pay special attention to feathering behind the ears, under the elbows, and the breeches where tangles are most likely to form. During seasonal shedding you may need to brush daily to keep on top of loose hair. A good routine might include:

• Regular brushing before tangles form, rather than trying to fix mats later
• Checking ears, armpits, and the base of the tail after walks for burrs or seeds
• Bathing every few months or as needed, using a gentle dog shampoo and thorough rinsing

The Borzoi coat tends to shed in noticeable bursts twice a year. Many owners find that a grooming session outside, followed by a quick sweep indoors, is easier than constant tidying. Nails should be trimmed regularly to avoid splitting, and teeth kept clean with brushing or suitable dental chews. Despite their grandeur, Borzoi grooming can be a calm, bonding time if introduced kindly from puppyhood, and most Borzoi come to enjoy the quiet attention that comes with regular coat care.

Temperament & Personality

The Borzoi is often described as gentle, dignified, and slightly enigmatic. Living with one feels a bit like sharing your home with a very large, extremely affectionate cat that occasionally turns into a racehorse. In daily life most Borzoi are calm, quiet companions who treasure their soft bed, their routine, and the company of their favourite people. They are not generally hyperactive or demanding in the house. Instead, they move with a gracious, floating manner, often choosing a spot from which they can observe you, then drifting off to sleep once they are sure everything is in order.

With family, the Borzoi can be deeply devoted and surprisingly sensitive. They notice changes in your mood and surroundings, and many will respond with gentle nudges, leaning, or simply lying nearby when you are unwell or tired. They are not typically clingy in the same way a herding breed might be, but they do form close bonds and may be reserved with strangers. Early, positive socialisation helps them feel confident in new places and with new people. When well socialised, the Borzoi tends to greet visitors politely, without frantic jumping or excessive barking.

Around children, the breed can be affectionate and patient, especially if they grow up with them. However, their tall, somewhat fragile build and sensitive nature mean they do best with respectful, dog‑savvy kids. Very young children should always be supervised, because a Borzoi can be knocked or startled by sudden grabbing or climbing. Teaching children to approach gently, avoid pulling on the silky tail or ears, and give the dog a quiet retreat spot is essential. In many families, the Borzoi becomes a calm, gentle presence who joins in games of fetch in the garden and then lies down in the playroom to watch over everyone.

With other dogs, Borzoi often enjoy living as part of a group, and many breeders keep small packs of them. They are usually polite with other sighthounds and similar breeds, and can learn to get along with a wide variety of dogs when properly introduced. However, their sighthound heritage means that many Borzoi have a strong prey drive. Small, fast‑moving animals such as rabbits, rodents, or even toy‑sized dogs can trigger a chase instinct. Careful introductions, good management, and honest assessment of each dog’s temperament are essential if you plan to mix them with much smaller pets. Some Borzoi live peacefully with cats when raised together from puppyhood and when the cat is confident and not inclined to flee. Others may never be fully trustworthy around small animals. Prospective owners should take this instinct seriously and plan accordingly.

A common challenge with the Borzoi temperament is their independence. These dogs were developed to work at a distance from hunters, making quick decisions without constant commands. As a result, they are not typically eager to please in the same way as a Labrador or Border Collie. They can appear aloof or stubborn if handled harshly or repetitively. However, beneath that independence lies a sensitive soul. Heavy‑handed corrections or raised voices can easily cause a Borzoi to shut down. They respond far better to calm, consistent rules, kindness, and opportunities to think for themselves. When they trust you, they will quietly cooperate and even show a dry, quirky sense of humour.

Noise sensitivity can also be present. Some Borzoi dislike loud arguments, sudden bangs, or chaotic environments. They are generally not the best choice for very busy households with constant coming and going and very little routine. In a stable, loving home, however, their gentle manner, quiet dignity, and occasional bursts of clownish playfulness make them deeply rewarding companions for those who appreciate their unique mix of grace and heart.

Training & Exercise

Training a Borzoi is less about drilling obedience and more about building a respectful partnership. These dogs are intelligent and observant, but they do not see the point of repeating the same task over and over. Short, varied sessions work best, especially when combined with gentle encouragement and rewards. Positive reinforcement training is especially suited to this breed. Using treats, toys, or praise, you can teach basic cues such as sit, down, recall, and loose leash walking without overwhelming their sensitive temperament. Harsh corrections or physical punishment tend to backfire, making the dog withdraw or ignore the handler.

Many Borzoi do well in basic obedience classes, especially those that focus on socialisation and confidence building rather than strict precision. The aim is to help your dog feel comfortable in a variety of situations while learning the essential skills that keep them safe in daily life. A good training plan for a young Borzoi might include:

• Reliable recall for use in secure areas
• Calm walking on a lead, especially because of their size and strength
• A stay or wait cue for use at doors, gates, and when greeting people
• A “leave it” to manage dropped food or temptations on walks

House training is usually straightforward, as most Borzoi are naturally clean and prefer to toilet outdoors. Crate training can be useful if introduced kindly, since it gives them a safe retreat when the home is busy or when travelling. Socialisation should be a priority in the first year, including exposure to different surfaces, gentle handling by various people, car rides, and calm visits to dog‑friendly areas. This early investment reduces the chance of shyness later on.

Exercise needs are an interesting mix. The Borzoi is a sprinter, not a marathon runner. They enjoy intense bursts of speed followed by long stretches of lounging. Adult Borzoi generally need at least one or two good walks every day, combined with opportunities to stretch out and run in a safe, enclosed area several times a week. Secure fencing is absolutely essential. Because of their strong chase instinct and incredible speed, they can be out of sight very quickly if they spot a deer, hare, or even a fast‑moving cyclist. Many owners choose large, securely fenced fields, private dog parks, or lure coursing clubs to allow their Borzoi to run freely without risk.

Young Borzoi puppies should not be over‑exercised, especially on hard surfaces. Their bones and joints are still developing, and too much high‑impact activity can cause problems later in life. Instead, aim for several short, gentle walks and safe play sessions in a secure garden. As they mature, you can gradually increase distance and add controlled off‑lead running where it is safe and legal.

The Borzoi often excels in activities that play to their natural abilities. Lure coursing is very popular among owners, as it allows the dog to chase an artificial lure across fields in a controlled, organised way. Many Borzoi absolutely light up when they see the lure move, and the sheer joy of watching them run at full speed is unforgettable. Some also enjoy canicross at moderate paces, scent games in the garden, or light participation in agility where the focus is on fun, not high levels of jumping.

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise. Puzzle feeders, gentle trick training, and exploratory walks where the dog is allowed time to sniff and investigate can help prevent boredom. The Borzoi may not constantly ask for things to do, but a bored dog can become withdrawn or, in some cases, inventive in destructive ways. A balanced routine of walks, free running, mental games, and quiet family time creates a content Borzoi who is a pleasure to live with.

Health

The Borzoi is generally a robust, athletic breed, but like all purebred dogs it has some health concerns that owners should be aware of. The typical lifespan ranges from around 9 to 13 years, although some individuals live beyond this with good care and a little luck. Because the Borzoi is a deep‑chested, large breed, one of the most serious concerns is gastric dilatation volvulus, often called bloat. This is a life‑threatening emergency in which the stomach fills with gas and may twist. Owners should learn the signs, such as unproductive retching, sudden abdominal distension, restlessness, and signs of pain. To help reduce the risk, many owners feed two or three smaller meals a day, avoid vigorous exercise around feeding times, and keep a calm environment during meals. In some cases, veterinarians may recommend a preventative surgical procedure to secure the stomach, especially if there is a family history of bloat.

Heart disease, particularly certain types of cardiomyopathy, can also occur in the breed. Regular veterinary checkups, including listening to the heart and monitoring for signs such as reduced stamina, coughing, or fainting episodes, are important. Some breeders use heart screening via ultrasound or ECG as part of their health testing program. Talk to your breeder about the heart health of their dogs and any testing they perform.

Bone and joint problems are seen as in many large breeds. Osteosarcoma, a serious bone cancer, has been reported in Borzoi, and hip issues can occur, although the breed is not among the very worst affected. Responsible breeders often have hips X‑rayed and scored and may also pay attention to elbow health. Keeping your Borzoi at a lean, athletic weight helps reduce pressure on the joints and can lower the risk of some joint problems appearing or worsening.

Other issues that can appear include certain eye conditions, such as progressive retinal atrophy or cataracts, and some autoimmune or neurologic diseases that may have a hereditary component. Genetic testing and careful selection of breeding pairs can reduce the risk of passing on known hereditary conditions. Prospective puppy buyers should feel comfortable asking breeders what health tests are used and how they choose mating pairs.

Because the Borzoi often has a relatively low body fat percentage and a unique metabolism, they can be more sensitive to certain medications, particularly some anaesthetic agents. It is wise to choose a veterinarian who is familiar with sighthounds or at least understands their special considerations. Before any surgical procedure, discuss anaesthesia protocols and pain relief tailored to a sighthound type.

Dental health should not be overlooked. Their long jaws and narrow skulls can still accumulate plaque if teeth are not cared for. Regular brushing, dental chews, and professional cleaning when recommended by your vet can prevent many problems. Ear infections are not as common as in some drop‑eared breeds, but weekly checks and gentle cleaning when needed help keep them healthy.

Maintaining good overall health also means:

• A balanced, high‑quality diet appropriate for a large, athletic breed
• Controlled growth in puppies, avoiding excess weight and too‑rich food
• Regular vaccinations and parasite control, tailored to your region and lifestyle

Responsible breeders usually provide a health guarantee and remain available throughout the dog’s life for advice. Pet insurance can be a very sensible choice, as treatment for emergencies such as bloat or cancer can become expensive. With sensible screening, a healthy lifestyle, and attentive veterinary care, many Borzoi enjoy active, graceful lives well into their senior years.

History & Origins

The Borzoi has one of the most romantic and storied histories of any dog breed. Originating in Russia, it was developed over centuries by crossing local Russian dogs with imported sighthounds, likely including early Greyhound‑type and Asiatic sight hounds. The goal was to create a dog with immense speed, keen eyesight, and the strength and courage to confront large game in the harsh Russian climate. Wealthy landowners and the aristocracy, including the Russian Tsars, became passionate breeders of these impressive hounds.

For many generations, Borzoi were used in grand hunts across vast estates. These events were elaborate affairs involving packs of Borzoi, horsemen, and sometimes hawks. The dogs would be slipped from the leash once game was sighted, often wolves, hares, or foxes. Their role was to chase, catch, and hold the quarry until the hunters arrived. This required tremendous athleticism as well as independent decision making. Records and paintings from the time show large kennels of Borzoi kept on noble estates, where breeding was carefully managed and detailed histories were maintained. Certain noble families became renowned for their particular strains, prized for speed, stamina, or beauty.

The breed’s appearance and elegant bearing made it highly attractive to visitors from Europe and later the rest of the world. In the nineteenth century, Borzoi began to appear in Western Europe as gifts from Russian nobility to foreign dignitaries and as exports to enthusiastic dog fanciers. They rapidly became associated with luxury and refinement, appearing in sculpture, paintings, and later photography. Royal families and aristocrats across Europe and the United Kingdom kept Borzoi both as status symbols and as hunting companions.

The Russian Revolution was a dark time for the breed. With the fall of the aristocracy, many large kennels were destroyed and their dogs killed. The Borzoi survived partly because of the dogs that had already been sent abroad. Breeders in countries such as the United Kingdom, parts of continental Europe, and later the United States helped preserve and rebuild the breed using the limited lines that remained. Over time, the focus shifted from wolf hunting to exhibition and companionship, although the functional structure and hunting instincts were preserved in many lines.

Today, the Borzoi is kept primarily as a companion and show dog, yet its sighthound nature is still very much alive. In many countries it participates successfully in lure coursing and other sighthound sports that simulate the chase of game across open ground. Breed clubs and enthusiasts place great emphasis on maintaining the breed’s historic type, including correct size, structure, and movement suited to its original function. While you are unlikely to see a Borzoi hunting wolves in the modern world, the same flowing outline, keen eye, and powerful sprint remain.

Modern Borzoi breeders often feel a strong connection to the breed’s Russian heritage. They cherish old photographs, pedigrees, and hunting accounts, seeing themselves as custodians of a living piece of history. For owners, part of the joy of living with a Borzoi comes from this sense of tradition. When your dog stands quietly watching the horizon, or suddenly explodes into a run, you are seeing echoes of the great hunts that shaped the breed. At the same time, the Borzoi has adapted remarkably well to modern life. Whether curled up in a city apartment or gliding across a countryside field, it carries its long history with a quiet, effortless grace.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Borzoi is a rewarding experience for the right person, but it does require a certain mindset and level of commitment. These dogs are not typically high maintenance in terms of energy, yet they are not low effort either. Their size, sensitivity, and specific instincts mean that owners need to plan their home and lifestyle carefully. A secure garden with fencing tall enough to contain a large, agile dog is highly recommended. Borzoi can easily clear low barriers if something interesting catches their eye. In many regions, a minimum fence height of around 1.8 meters is advisable, although each dog is different in its jumping abilities and motivation.

Indoors, a Borzoi usually seeks soft, supportive bedding that protects their bony joints. Large, thick dog beds or mattresses work well, ideally in quiet corners where the dog can stretch out fully. Many owners invest in more than one bed so their Borzoi can follow them from room to room. Because of their height and tail, they can accidentally sweep coffee tables or counters, especially when happy and wagging. Keeping fragile items out of tail range is a wise precaution. Their long legs also mean that many will counter surf if food is left unattended. Consistent rules about kitchen access, combined with practical management, prevent bad habits.

In terms of daily routine, most adult Borzoi thrive on:

• One or two decent walks per day
• Several chances a week to run in a secure area
• Regular companionship and quiet time with their family

They are not ideal for people who are away for very long hours every day, as most Borzoi prefer company and can become lonely or anxious if left too often. That said, they are generally good sleepers and can manage reasonable alone time once accustomed to it, provided their other needs are met.

Financially, living with a large breed like the Borzoi involves some specific costs. Food bills are higher than for small or medium breeds, especially if you choose high‑quality diets appropriate for big, athletic dogs. Annual vaccination, parasite control, and health checks should be budgeted for, along with grooming tools and occasional professional grooming if you prefer someone else to handle big seasonal sheds. Veterinary care for large dogs can be more expensive, particularly in emergencies or for surgeries. Pet insurance is strongly recommended, as treatments for conditions such as bloat, orthopedic issues, or cancer can quickly add up. On top of this, there are costs for good quality leads, harnesses, large beds, and suitably sized crates or travel equipment.

Useful equipment for a Borzoi household often includes:

• A well‑fitting sighthound‑style collar or a comfortable harness
• A strong, secure lead, often 1.5 to 2 meters for general walks
• A long line for controlled freedom in safe areas
• Non‑slip rugs or mats on slippery floors to protect joints
• Large water bowls that are stable and not easily tipped

Travel safety is another consideration. Because of their height and length, Borzoi need generous space in a car. Many owners use large crates, secure harnesses attached to seat belts, or custom car cages. Leaving a Borzoi loose and unrestrained in a vehicle is risky during sudden stops or accidents.

Socially, the Borzoi usually appreciates calm environments. They can adapt to city life if they receive regular access to safe exercise areas and do not have to face constant noise and crowds. They are equally at home in rural settings where they can gaze across fields and enjoy quieter walks. In any setting, recall and impulse control are crucial. Given their intense chase instinct, many owners choose to keep their Borzoi on a lead except in fully enclosed areas. This approach is not a failure in training, but a realistic acceptance of sighthound nature combined with safety concerns.

For new owners, the learning curve involves understanding when their Borzoi is relaxed, worried, or about to chase. This awareness builds over time as you observe your dog’s body language. In return, you gain a companion whose calm presence can bring a special atmosphere to the home. They are often described as “living art” because of the way they move and rest, but they are far more than decorative. The bond between a Borzoi and a considerate owner can be deep and quiet, based on mutual respect rather than constant performance.

Ultimately, living with a Borzoi suits people who appreciate subtlety, who are prepared to manage a strong prey drive and a large, sensitive dog, and who value long walks and peaceful evenings as much as active pursuits. If you are willing to invest time in socialisation, training, secure exercise, and good health care, the Borzoi can be an extraordinary companion that brings elegance, warmth, and a touch of Russian history into your everyday life.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a Borzoi in the home?

They are generally calm, gentle, and somewhat reserved indoors, often behaving like quiet companions. Many are affectionate with their family but not overly demonstrative, and they can be aloof with strangers. Their strong prey drive remains present even in a relaxed home environment.

How much exercise does a Borzoi really need and what kind is best?

They need daily walks plus regular opportunities for controlled running in a large, securely fenced area. Short bursts of high speed are more natural to them than nonstop jogging. Mental stimulation and varied environments help prevent boredom and restlessness.

Are Borzois good with cats and small pets given their strong prey drive?

Their hunting background means many have a strong instinct to chase small, fast-moving animals. Some can live peacefully with cats or small dogs if raised with them and carefully managed, but it is never guaranteed. Off leash contact with unfamiliar small animals is usually not safe.

What are the most common health problems in Borzois?

They are at increased risk for bloat and gastric torsion, certain heart conditions such as dilated cardiomyopathy, and some types of cancer. Sensitivity to anesthesia and some medications is also a concern due to their lean body type. Regular veterinary checks and awareness of early warning signs are important.

Do Borzois need a lot of grooming with their long, silky coat?

Their coat sheds seasonally and needs brushing several times a week to prevent tangles, especially behind the ears, under the legs, and in feathering. They generally do not need frequent baths, but regular coat and nail care is essential. Their fur is relatively low odor if kept clean and brushed.

Can a Borzoi live in an apartment or small house?

They are usually quiet indoors and can adapt to smaller living spaces if they receive sufficient outdoor exercise and access to a safe area to run. The main challenge is meeting their movement and mental needs, not the size of the home. Stairs and slippery floors should be managed carefully with such a tall, long-limbed dog.

How trainable are Borzois and do they listen off leash?

They are intelligent but often independent and sensitive, so they respond best to calm, consistent, reward-based training. Many will not be reliably obedient off leash if a moving object catches their eye. A secure area is strongly recommended for any off leash activity.

Is a Borzoi a good choice for families with children?

They can be gentle and tolerant with respectful, calm children, but they usually do not enjoy rough play or constant handling. Their size and speed can accidentally knock over small children. Supervision and teaching children how to interact appropriately are essential.

What kind of fencing and yard setup does a Borzoi require?

A high, secure fence is important because many will chase wildlife or traffic if they get loose. They are capable of clearing low fences and can exploit gaps due to their agility and speed. An enclosed area that allows them to stretch out in short sprints is ideal.

What should I know about feeding and weight management for a Borzoi?

They are naturally lean and should not be bulked up, as excess weight strains their joints and heart. Smaller, more frequent meals can help reduce the risk of bloat, and vigorous exercise should be avoided immediately before and after eating. A diet that supports steady growth is particularly important during their long, slow maturation period.

Sources

• The Borzoi Club
• Svenska Vinthundklubben (Swedish Sighthound Club)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• Verein für Deutsche Windhunde (German Sighthound Association)
• The Kennel Club (UK)