Old English Sheepdog

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Big, shaggy herding dog that often looks like a walking cloud, yet is surprisingly athletic and agile.
• Famous for its gentle, clownish personality and strong bond with its family, especially children.
• Double coat that needs regular grooming to prevent mats, but can also be kept in a shorter “pet clip” for easier care.
• Intelligent and eager to join in, but can be independent and a little stubborn, so consistent training is important.
• Traditionally used as a drover and farm dog, today the Old English Sheepdog thrives as an active family companion and in dog sports.

Appearance & Coat

The Old English Sheepdog is one of those breeds that people recognize instantly, even if they do not know its name. Medium to large in size, this is a powerful, squarely built dog with a compact, muscular body under all that hair. Adults typically stand around 56 centimeters or more at the shoulder, with males usually a little taller and heavier than females. The body should give an impression of strength, balance, and stamina rather than heaviness. When you see a well bred Old English Sheepdog move at a trot, the gait is smooth and effortless, with a rolling, bear like action that is very characteristic of the breed.

The head is large and fairly square, with a strong muzzle and a distinct stop. Eyes may be dark brown, blue, or one of each, which many owners find particularly charming. The ears are medium sized and hang close to the head, largely hidden by the surrounding coat. The tail may be naturally short in some lines, and when it is present it is typically carried low when relaxed.

The coat is one of the defining features of the Old English Sheepdog. It has a dense double coat, with a harsh, shaggy outer coat and a softer, woolly undercoat. The texture should not be silky or curly. The coat is meant to protect the dog from harsh weather, which is why it developed such a thick and insulating layer. Accepted colors include various shades of grey, grizzle, and blue with white markings. Puppies are often born with much darker coats that gradually lighten and develop the classic “shaggy bear” look as they mature.

That beautiful coat does come with a commitment. A full coated Old English Sheepdog needs thorough brushing several times a week, ideally every other day. The aim is to brush right down to the skin, not just skim the surface. Without this, the undercoat quickly mats, especially behind the ears, in the armpits, around the collar area, and under the tail. Using a combination of a pin brush, slicker brush, and wide toothed comb usually works well. Many owners find that grooming on a raised table helps both dog and human stay comfortable.

Bathing is needed every few weeks or when the dog gets dirty, although not as often if the coat is kept more trimmed. Always dry the coat carefully after a bath to avoid damp patches that can cause skin problems. Keeping the hair around the eyes clean and tidy improves comfort and helps prevent staining. Some owners like to tie the forelock up with a soft band so the dog can see clearly, especially when the coat is grown out. Others prefer a shorter “puppy” or “pet” trim from a professional groomer. A shorter cut does not change the dog’s personality, and for busy families it can be a very sensible choice.

Whatever style you choose, regular coat care must be part of life with an Old English Sheepdog. With the right tools, a routine, and a bit of patience, grooming can become a peaceful bonding time rather than a chore, and it keeps the dog comfortable and healthy under all that fluff.

Temperament & Personality

The Old English Sheepdog has a wonderful reputation for being good natured, humorous, and devoted to its people. Many owners describe them as big, gentle clowns that love to be in the middle of whatever the family is doing. This is not a dog that likes to be left out. Whether you are gardening, watching a film, or playing with the children, your Old English Sheepdog will likely be there, sometimes literally leaning on you or lying across your feet.

This breed is often very affectionate. They enjoy physical contact and will happily nuzzle, lean, or gently paw at you for more attention. That loving nature generally extends to children. When properly socialized and supervised, many Old English Sheepdogs are patient and tolerant family dogs. They can be playful and goofy, bouncing around with older kids in the garden, yet surprisingly careful with smaller children. Of course, no dog should be left unsupervised with young children, and both dog and child must learn to respect each other’s boundaries.

With strangers, the Old English Sheepdog is typically friendly or politely reserved, not sharp or overly timid. Some lines can be more watchful and act as gentle guardians of the home, using their bark to alert you if something seems unusual. However, aggression is not typical for the breed. Early socialization is important so that the dog learns that visitors and new situations are nothing to worry about. Puppy classes, visits to different environments, and positive experiences meeting people of all ages help shape a confident, balanced adult.

With other dogs and pets, Old English Sheepdogs often get on well if introduced correctly. Their herding background can show up in playful chasing or “rounding up” behavior, particularly with running children or smaller animals. It is usually more about instinct than intent, but this can be confusing for families who are not expecting it. Clear rules and training from a young age help to keep this behavior under control. Many Old English Sheepdogs happily share their lives with other dogs and even cats, especially when they grow up together.

Despite their soft, cuddly appearance, this is not simply a couch dog. The Old English Sheepdog is intelligent and can be strong willed. They like to understand what is expected of them and may test limits. If training is inconsistent, they quickly learn where the gaps are. For example, a dog that is allowed to jump up sometimes and scolded at other times will simply become confused. Calm, clear, and consistent rules are essential.

Emotionally, Old English Sheepdogs are quite sensitive. Harsh corrections, shouting, or rough handling can damage trust and make them anxious. They respond far better to praise, treats, games, and gentle guidance. When treated kindly, they form deep bonds and often become very attuned to their owner’s mood. Some can be prone to separation issues if left alone for long periods on a daily basis. They prefer to be part of a home where people are around often and where they have a clear place in the family circle.

Like all breeds, there can be differences in temperament between lines and individuals. Some may be more energetic and outgoing, while others might be calmer and more laid back. Meeting the parents, talking honestly with experienced breeders, and choosing a puppy whose personality suits your lifestyle are all very important steps if you want an Old English Sheepdog that will thrive in your home.

Training & Exercise

Although the Old English Sheepdog looks like a gentle giant teddy bear, inside that shaggy body lives a smart working dog. Historically bred to drive cattle and sheep to market, this breed had to think independently, react quickly, and cover long distances. That working background still shapes their needs today. Without enough mental and physical stimulation, an Old English Sheepdog can become bored, and boredom often leads to creative, and not always welcome, behavior.

In terms of exercise, many adult Old English Sheepdogs do well with around one to two hours of activity each day, split between walks, free running in safe areas, and playtime. They are not usually hyperactive, but they are not naturally lazy either. Most enjoy long walks in the countryside, beach outings, or hiking on cooler days. As with any large, heavy coated breed, care should be taken in hot weather. Walks are best scheduled in the early morning or evening, with plenty of water breaks and access to shade.

Puppies should not be over exercised, as their joints are still developing. Short, gentle walks and free play on soft ground are far better than long runs or repetitive jumping. A good rule of thumb often used by breeders is a few minutes of formal walking per month of age, up to twice a day, along with plenty of rest. Always watch the puppy and adjust according to their energy and comfort.

Mental exercise is just as important. The Old English Sheepdog learns quickly, but can get bored with too much repetition. Training sessions should be short, varied, and fun. Use positive reinforcement methods, such as food rewards, toys, and praise. This approach works very well with a breed that enjoys pleasing people but does not respond well to pressure. Basic obedience such as sit, stay, come, and walking politely on the lead should start early. Because they grow into strong dogs, it is much easier to teach good manners when they are small.

Many Old English Sheepdogs enjoy:

• Obedience and rally style training
• Agility or hoopers, adapted to their fitness and age
• Scent games, such as finding hidden treats or toys
• Herding instincts tests and herding training, where available
• Trick training, which uses their playful side and impresses visitors

Activities that involve teamwork build a strong bond and satisfy their working instincts. Even simple games at home can help. For example, you can hide a favorite toy in another room and ask your dog to “find it,” or scatter a portion of their daily food in the garden so they have to sniff it out. These simple exercises provide both mental stimulation and a sense of purpose.

Consistency in training is crucial. The Old English Sheepdog can be a little stubborn and may decide that a cue does not apply unless you prove otherwise. Gentle persistence, clear rules, and lots of positive feedback usually win the day. If you allow unwanted behavior such as jumping up, pulling on the lead, or vocalizing for attention to succeed, it will quickly become a habit. Setting expectations from the start, and making it easy for the dog to succeed, gives you a calm, cooperative companion.

Because they are often very people focused, Old English Sheepdogs can struggle if left alone for long periods. Crate training or teaching a “settle” behavior on a mat, combined with gradually increasing alone time, can help prevent separation problems. Providing puzzle feeders, safe chew toys, and a comfortable place to rest also makes time alone less stressful.

Joining a local training club or working with a trainer who has experience with herding breeds can be very helpful. It gives your dog a chance to socialize with other dogs in a controlled setting and gives you guidance on how to bring out the best in your Old English Sheepdog. With the right mix of exercise, mental challenge, and loving guidance, this breed blossoms into a happy, well mannered family member.

Health

The Old English Sheepdog is generally a robust, hardy breed, but like all purebred dogs it has certain health issues that prospective owners should be aware of. Careful breeding and responsible ownership can make a real difference to the long term health and quality of life of these dogs.

One of the better known concerns in larger breeds is hip dysplasia. This condition involves abnormal development of the hip joint and can lead to arthritis and pain. Reputable breeders usually screen breeding dogs using official hip scoring systems. When choosing a puppy, ask to see the hip scores of both parents. Good scores do not guarantee that a puppy will never have joint problems, but they significantly reduce the risk.

Elbow dysplasia can also occur, although it is generally less common than hip issues in this breed. As with hips, responsible breeders will perform elbow evaluations on breeding stock where recommended. Growing puppies should avoid excessive running on hard surfaces, high impact games, or frequent stair climbing, all of which can put unnecessary stress on developing joints.

Eye health is another area to discuss with breeders. Some Old English Sheepdogs can be affected by hereditary eye diseases, such as cataracts or progressive retinal atrophy, which can lead to impaired vision. Eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist are important for breeding dogs, and many clubs encourage or require regular testing. Asking about eye test results for parents and, in some cases, for puppies themselves, is very sensible.

Deafness, particularly congenital deafness, can occur in some lines. Reputable breeders may use hearing tests on puppies, especially if there are white headed dogs or a family history. A deaf or partially deaf dog can still live a good life but will require special training methods and extra care.

Other conditions reported in the breed include certain autoimmune diseases, hypothyroidism, and some types of cancer, as seen in many other medium and large breeds. Regular health checks with your veterinarian, keeping vaccinations and parasite control up to date, and maintaining a healthy weight all help support general wellbeing and can help detect problems early.

The typical lifespan of an Old English Sheepdog is often around 10 to 12 years, though some individuals may live longer with good care. Weight management is especially important. Because their thick coat can hide extra kilos, it is easy to overlook creeping weight gain. Feel the dog’s ribs regularly, look for a visible waist when viewed from above, and adjust food intake and exercise as needed. Carrying too much weight increases the risk of joint problems, heart strain, and a range of other health issues.

Grooming is not only about appearance. It also plays a role in health. Regular brushing allows you to check for skin problems, lumps, parasites, and injuries that might otherwise be hidden in the coat. Keeping the ears clean and dry helps prevent ear infections, especially in a breed with drop ears and dense hair. Nail trimming should be done regularly so the dog moves comfortably and does not place extra strain on joints.

When speaking to breeders, ask about:

• Hip and, where applicable, elbow scores for both parents
• Eye test certificates and any genetic tests used
• Any history of deafness, autoimmune disease, or other serious conditions in the line
• How long close relatives have lived and common causes of death

A responsible breeder will openly discuss health and support you throughout the dog’s life. As an owner, providing a balanced diet, suitable exercise, routine veterinary care, and a safe environment are your part of the partnership. Together, these steps give an Old English Sheepdog the best chance of a healthy, happy life by your side.

History & Origins

The Old English Sheepdog has an image that fits perfectly into rural British scenes, and that picture has a strong connection to reality. Although exact details of the breed’s early development are not fully documented, most historians agree that it arose in the western countryside of England during the 18th and 19th centuries. Farmers needed a tough, weather resistant dog that could help them manage livestock, particularly cattle and sheep, over long distances from farm to market.

It is likely that the Old English Sheepdog’s ancestors included various herding and droving dogs that were present in Britain at the time. Some theories suggest that imported breeds, such as certain European sheepdogs, may have contributed to its development. Whatever the exact mix, the result was a strong, agile dog with a dense, protective coat and a mind suited to working closely with humans while still being able to make its own decisions in the field.

Interestingly, early Old English Sheepdogs were often used more as drovers of cattle than as classic sheep tending dogs. They were valued for their ability to move stubborn cattle along roads and tracks, which required courage, persistence, and a steady nature. The thick coat provided protection from rain, wind, and even occasional kicks. In some regions, drover dogs had their tails docked to distinguish them as working dogs, which were sometimes exempt from certain taxes. This practice contributed to the traditional image of the breed as bobtailed.

By the late 19th century, the Old English Sheepdog began to appear at dog shows in Britain. Breeders started to standardize its appearance, favoring the impressive shaggy coat and distinctive outline that we recognize today. The breed’s charming personality and unique look attracted attention not only from working farmers but also from more urban dog enthusiasts. Over time, the Old English Sheepdog spread to other countries, including the United States and across Europe, where it became popular as both a farm helper and a family companion.

In the 20th century, the breed’s fame grew through appearances in advertising, film, and television. The fluffy, friendly image helped it become a symbol of British pastoral life, even though fewer dogs were working daily on farms. As with many breeds that become widely known, careful stewardship from dedicated breeders and clubs became important in maintaining both health and temperament while preserving the traditional characteristics.

Today, the Old English Sheepdog still participates in herding activities in some places and can perform well in herding trials that test instinct and ability. However, its role has largely shifted toward that of a companion and versatile family dog. You will find Old English Sheepdogs involved in a wide range of activities, such as:

• Obedience and rally competitions
• Agility and other dog sports
• Therapy dog visits to hospitals and care homes
• Participation in breed shows and demonstrations

Despite these modern activities, the breed’s working heritage is still evident in its sturdy build, keen intelligence, and love of having a job to do. When you live with an Old English Sheepdog, you are sharing your home with a dog that carries a piece of rural English history in its look and its character. Understanding those roots helps explain why regular activity, thoughtful training, and being part of daily family routines are so important for their happiness.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with an Old English Sheepdog is a rewarding experience, but it does come with a particular level of commitment. This is not a low maintenance or occasional attention type of dog. They thrive in homes where people are prepared to invest time in grooming, training, and companionship, and where the dog is treated as a full member of the family.

One of the first realities to consider is grooming. If you choose to keep the coat long and natural, expect to spend several hours each week brushing and checking for mats. This time is often best divided into shorter sessions of twenty to thirty minutes, rather than one marathon session. Many owners set a routine, such as grooming certain parts of the body on different days. For example, you might focus on head and front legs one day, body the next, and hindquarters another. Professional grooming visits every six to eight weeks help keep the coat tidy, and many pet owners opt for a shorter trim, which greatly reduces daily maintenance.

The financial costs of living with an Old English Sheepdog can be higher than with some other breeds. Along with standard expenses like food, vaccinations, insurance, and routine veterinary care, you should budget for grooming. Professional grooming for a large, double coated breed can be significant over a year. Quality food to support joint and coat health, grooming tools, and perhaps training classes or dog sport participation all add to the ongoing costs. Pet insurance or a dedicated savings fund for veterinary bills is strongly recommended, as larger breeds may face more expensive treatments if joint or other health issues arise.

Space is another factor. An Old English Sheepdog does not need a mansion, but it does appreciate enough room to move comfortably and a safe outdoor area to stretch its legs. Apartment living can work for an adult dog if exercise needs are met with regular walks and outings, and if there is a sensible plan for dealing with mud and wet coats when coming back inside. In any home, a washable, supportive bed and a quiet place where the dog can rest undisturbed are important.

Useful equipment for living with an Old English Sheepdog often includes:

• A sturdy, well fitting harness or collar and a strong lead
• A set of good quality brushes and combs designed for long, double coats
• Nail clippers or a nail grinder
• Non slip mats or rugs on slippery floors to protect joints
• Puzzle feeders and durable toys for mental stimulation

Daily life with this breed involves including the dog in your routines. Old English Sheepdogs like to follow their people from room to room and often choose a spot where they can keep an eye on everyone. They tend to be happiest in homes where someone is around for a good part of the day. Long, regular periods of isolation are not ideal and can lead to stress or unwanted behavior.

Families with children often find that an Old English Sheepdog fits in well, provided that both dog and children are taught how to interact respectfully. Children should learn not to climb on the dog, pull hair, or disturb it while eating or sleeping. The dog, in turn, should be trained to keep four paws on the floor, not to herd running children, and to respond to cues like “leave” and “come” even during exciting play. Supervision is essential, especially with younger children, simply due to the dog’s size and enthusiasm.

Shedding and dirt are part of life with this breed. Although the Old English Sheepdog does not typically shed large clumps like some short coated breeds, loose hair will still appear in your home, especially during seasonal coat changes. Mud, grass seeds, and leaves have a special way of attaching themselves to the coat and finding their way indoors. Many owners keep towels by the door and train a simple routine of “wait, wipe paws” before the dog is allowed fully into the house after a walk.

Despite the effort, many people who live with Old English Sheepdogs say they would not choose any other breed. Their combination of humor, loyalty, and gentle presence creates a strong emotional bond. They are often very tuned in to the family’s mood, ready to share in fun and to offer quiet company when someone is unwell or sad. If you enjoy an active lifestyle, appreciate a dog with character and a bit of mischief, and are prepared for the grooming and financial responsibilities, an Old English Sheepdog can be a deeply rewarding companion, filling your home not only with hair but also with warmth and affection.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of an Old English Sheepdog around family and children?

They are generally affectionate, gentle, and people oriented, often forming close bonds with their families. Many do very well with children, although their herding background can lead to nudging or attempts to 'round up' running kids. Early training and supervision help channel their playful energy into appropriate behavior.

How much grooming does an Old English Sheepdog really need?

The coat is very high maintenance and requires thorough brushing several times a week to prevent mats and skin problems. Many owners choose a shorter 'puppy cut' to make upkeep more manageable, but even clipped coats need regular grooming. Skipping coat care quickly leads to painful tangles and may require shaving down at a groomer.

Are Old English Sheepdogs good apartment dogs or do they need a big yard?

They can adapt to apartment living if their exercise and mental stimulation needs are consistently met. Daily walks, play sessions, and training are essential, since this is an active working breed. A fenced yard is helpful but not strictly required for a committed, active owner.

How much exercise does an Old English Sheepdog need each day?

Most adults do best with at least 60 to 90 minutes of physical activity spread throughout the day, along with mental enrichment. They enjoy brisk walks, herding-style games, and structured play rather than constant high-impact running. Puppies and seniors need tailored exercise so joints and hips are not overstrained.

What health problems are Old English Sheepdogs prone to?

Common concerns include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, certain eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy, and hypothyroidism. They are also at increased risk of bloat and some hereditary deafness. Responsible breeders perform health testing and owners should maintain regular veterinary checkups to monitor these issues.

Do Old English Sheepdogs shed a lot and how bad is the hair in the house?

They do shed, but much of the loose hair gets caught in the long outer coat rather than falling directly onto floors. As a result, shedding is tightly linked to how often the dog is brushed. Regular grooming removes dead hair and significantly reduces clumps and tumbleweeds in the home.

Is it necessary to keep the long hair over an Old English Sheepdog’s eyes?

The classic look features hair covering the eyes, but it is not required for comfort and can be impractical for many homes. Some owners trim or tie back the hair around the eyes so the dog can see clearly and to reduce irritation. The important thing is to keep the area clean, free of mats, and comfortable for the dog.

Are Old English Sheepdogs easy to train or are they stubborn?

They are intelligent and capable learners, but can be independent and sometimes slow to respond if they find training repetitive. Positive reinforcement methods and short, varied sessions work best. Consistency from an early age is important to manage their size, strength, and herding instincts.

Can Old English Sheepdogs tolerate hot weather with that thick coat?

They are much more comfortable in cool climates and can overheat easily in hot or humid weather. In warm conditions they should have access to shade, fresh water, air conditioning or fans, and exercise should be limited to cooler times of day. Some owners opt for a shorter trim in summer, but sunburn protection and heat awareness are still important.

How vocal are Old English Sheepdogs and do they bark a lot?

Many are moderately vocal and will bark to alert their owners, especially if they sense unusual activity around the home. Boredom and under-exercise can increase nuisance barking. Early training to teach a quiet cue and adequate daily activity help keep their vocal habits manageable.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Den Danske Kennel Klub (Danish Kennel Club)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)