Curly Coated Retriever

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• One of the oldest retriever breeds, known for its tight, waterproof curls and elegant, athletic build
• Highly intelligent and independent, with a thoughtful nature that can be both charming and challenging
• Bred as a working gundog, thriving on real jobs such as retrieving, search and rescue, and dog sports
• Naturally protective and somewhat reserved with strangers, yet deeply affectionate and loyal to family
• Low shedding compared with many gundogs, but the curly coat still requires specific care and attention

Appearance & Coat

The Curly Coated Retriever is a striking, distinctive dog that you can usually recognize from across a field. Slightly taller and more leggy than many other retrievers, the Curly has a lean, athletic outline that suggests power, speed, and stamina without any heaviness. Adults are typically medium to large in size, with males often standing a little taller and more substantial than females, yet both should look balanced and functional rather than overly bulky.

The head is clean and refined, with a relatively long, wedge-shaped skull that gives the Curly a thoughtful, almost aristocratic expression. The eyes are usually dark and full of intelligence, and the ears are small to medium in size, lying close to the head and covered in curls. The neck is strong and slightly arched, leading into a deep chest and well sprung ribs that allow plenty of room for lungs and heart. From the side, you should see a dog with a level back and powerful hindquarters, built to carry game over rough ground for long periods.

What truly sets the Curly Coated Retriever apart is its coat. The entire body, including the ears, is covered in tight, crisp curls that lie close to the skin. These curls form a dense, water resistant jacket that once allowed the breed to work in icy rivers and chilly marshes. The coat is not fluffy or woolly, and there should be no large patches of straight hair over the body. The face and front of the legs are generally smooth or only slightly wavy, which keeps the dog neat and functional.

Curly Coated Retrievers come in two solid colors:

• Black
• Liver (a rich, dark brown)

Both colors can be equally stunning. In sunlight, a well kept liver Curly often has a deep mahogany sheen, while a black Curly can almost sparkle with a glossy, wet look when the curls are in good condition.

Coat care is a little different from that of a flat coated retriever or a Labrador. The Curly does not need heavy brushing, as this can frizz the curls and make the coat look untidy. Instead, most owners find that a quick finger-combing or gentle pass with a wide toothed comb from time to time is enough to remove debris and loose hair. After a bath, allowing the dog to air dry helps the curls tighten naturally. Some owners lightly dampen the coat before a walk if it has become too fluffy, then let the movement and fresh air help the curls set again.

A few practical grooming tips include:

• Check ears regularly, as the curly hair can trap moisture and dirt
• Trim nails frequently to keep feet in good working order
• Rinse the dog after swimming in salty or dirty water to protect both skin and coat
• Keep an eye on any areas where the curls thin out, as skin issues can sometimes show there first

Shedding is usually lighter than in many other gundog breeds, but Curly Coated Retrievers are not completely non shedding. You will still find some hair in the home and on clothing, especially during seasonal changes. With sensible grooming and a balanced diet that supports skin and coat health, most Curlies maintain a beautiful, practical coat that suits both work and family life.

Temperament & Personality

Living with a Curly Coated Retriever is often described as sharing your life with a very clever, slightly quirky friend. This breed is intelligent, independent, and full of character. Unlike some retrievers that tend to greet every stranger as a long lost companion, the Curly is typically more reserved and thoughtful. Many will stand back for a moment when a new person arrives, quietly weighing up the situation before deciding whether to engage. Once you are accepted into a Curly’s inner circle, however, you usually have a loyal, affectionate companion for life.

In the family, Curly Coated Retrievers are often gentle, devoted, and sometimes quite clownish. They enjoy being involved in daily activities and rarely like being left out of anything. Many owners describe their Curly as a dog that prefers to be where the people are, whether that is lying quietly in the kitchen while you cook or following the children around the garden. They tend to form strong bonds with their main caregivers, but most Curlies spread their affection across the household once they feel secure.

With children, the Curly Coated Retriever is often patient and tolerant, particularly if they have been raised around respectful kids from an early age. Their athletic build and enthusiasm mean they can be energetic playmates for older children, enjoying games of fetch, tracking, or gentle tug toys. However, young dogs can be boisterous, and their size and lively nature may accidentally knock over very small children. Supervision, early training, and teaching children how to interact properly with the dog are essential.

Around other dogs and pets, temperament can vary from individual to individual. Many Curly Coated Retrievers are sociable with other dogs, particularly when well socialized from puppyhood. Some, however, can be a little aloof or selective, preferring familiar canine friends rather than busy dog parks filled with strangers. Their original purpose as a working retriever means they usually have a strong interest in birds and small wildlife. With careful introductions and training, many Curlies live peacefully with cats and other household animals, but a reliable recall and some common sense are important outdoors.

One of the most notable personality traits of the Curly Coated Retriever is its independence. These dogs are very smart, but they do not always perform simply to please. They like to understand why they are being asked to do something, and heavy handed or repetitive training techniques can quickly cause them to switch off. This can sometimes give the impression of stubbornness, when in reality the dog is simply bored or unconvinced. Prospective owners should appreciate that a Curly is not a robotic obedience dog. They respond best to thoughtful, varied, and respectful handling.

Common challenges with this breed include:

• Adolescence that can feel particularly long and mischievous
• A tendency to become bored and invent their own entertainment if under exercised
• Natural wariness of strangers if not socialized consistently from a young age
• Strong working instincts that may lead to chasing wildlife or picking up objects around the home

Despite these challenges, many owners find the Curly Coated Retriever deeply rewarding to live with. Their combination of loyalty, humor, intelligence, and sensitivity creates a bond that can feel very special. For a person or family who appreciates a dog with a mind of its own, and who is willing to invest in training and understanding, the Curly often becomes an unforgettable companion.

Training & Exercise

The Curly Coated Retriever is a true working gundog at heart, which means it needs a meaningful outlet for its energy and intelligence. This is not a breed that thrives on a quick walk around the block and a weekend adventure now and then. Instead, Curlies generally require a steady routine of physical exercise and mental stimulation throughout the week.

In terms of daily activity, an adult Curly usually benefits from at least one to two hours of exercise per day. This should ideally be a mix of:

• Free running in safe areas where the dog can stretch out and explore
• Focused retrieving games that tap into natural instincts
• Scent based activities such as hide and seek with toys or treats

Many Curly Coated Retrievers adore water. Swimming is an excellent low impact exercise that builds muscle and keeps joints healthy while satisfying the dog’s love of retrieving. If you have access to safe lakes, rivers, or designated dog swimming areas, regular swimming sessions can become a favorite part of your Curly’s week. Always introduce water gradually and ensure that currents, tides, and water quality are safe.

Training a Curly Coated Retriever requires a thoughtful, patient approach. These dogs are quick learners, but they do not respond well to harsh methods or endless drilling of the same exercises. Positive reinforcement, using rewards such as food, toys, and praise, typically brings the best results. Short, varied training sessions often work better than long, repetitive ones. Many owners find that their Curly learns basic manners and house rules quite quickly, as long as the training is consistent and fair.

Because of their independent streak, Curlies benefit greatly from early and ongoing socialization. Puppy classes, carefully managed play sessions, and exposure to different environments help prevent unnecessary suspicion or timidity. It is wise to introduce:

• A variety of people of different ages and appearances
• Different surfaces, noises, and locations, such as markets, parks, and quiet town streets
• Calm, well mannered adult dogs that can model good behavior

Curly Coated Retrievers usually excel in activities that allow them to use their brains and bodies together. Retrieving work, gundog training, and field trials can be particularly fulfilling, since they mirror the breed’s original purpose. Many Curlies also enjoy and succeed in dog sports such as:

• Agility, where their athleticism and speed shine
• Obedience, when training is kept engaging and not overly repetitive
• Rally, which provides structured yet varied exercises on walks
• Tracking or scent work, allowing them to use their excellent noses

One area to pay special attention to is recall. The Curly’s keen interest in wildlife and the environment means that a solid recall and good response to a whistle can be invaluable. Starting recall training early and building it with high value rewards helps ensure that your Curly will come back even when something exciting appears in the distance.

It is also important to remember that puppies and young adolescents should not be over exercised on hard surfaces while their joints are developing. Structured play, controlled free running on soft ground, and age appropriate training games are usually preferable to forced jogging or long hikes in the early months. As the dog matures, more demanding activities can be added gradually.

With the right balance of exercise and training, a Curly Coated Retriever becomes a focused, manageable companion, both at home and outdoors. A tired Curly that has had the chance to work its brain and body is far less likely to indulge in destructive chewing, excessive barking, or restless pacing. Instead, you are likely to find a calm, content dog happily snoozing at your feet after a satisfying day.

Health

As a relatively robust working breed, the Curly Coated Retriever is generally healthy, but like all purebred dogs, it is predisposed to certain conditions. Responsible breeders aim to reduce the risks by health testing their breeding dogs and making careful choices, but potential owners should still be aware of possible concerns.

Hip dysplasia is one of the most widely known orthopedic issues in medium and large breeds. It involves abnormal development of the hip joint, which can lead to arthritis and discomfort later in life. Ethical Curly breeders usually have their dogs’ hips assessed and scored before breeding. Prospective owners can ask to see these scores and choose puppies from parents with good hip results and sound movement.

Eye health is another important area. Conditions such as cataracts or other hereditary eye problems can occur in retrievers. Many breed clubs recommend regular eye examinations for breeding dogs, carried out by a specialist. When speaking with breeders, it is wise to ask whether the parents have up to date clear eye certificates.

Some Curly Coated Retrievers may be at risk for certain types of cancer, as is true of several retriever breeds. While there is no way to completely guarantee that a dog will remain cancer free, keeping your Curly at a healthy weight, providing regular veterinary check ups, and promptly investigating any unusual lumps, bumps, or persistent changes in behavior can all help with early detection and treatment.

Other conditions sometimes discussed in the breed include:

• Elbow dysplasia, another joint issue that may affect mobility
• Autoimmune conditions, which can occasionally appear in some lines
• Bloat or gastric torsion, a serious emergency where the stomach twists, more common in deep chested breeds

While not every Curly will experience any of these issues, owners should know the early warning signs. For example, bloat often presents as a swollen abdomen, restlessness, and attempts to vomit without success, and it requires immediate veterinary attention.

A typical Curly Coated Retriever lifespan is often around 10 to 13 years, with many living active, fulfilling lives well into their senior years. Supporting your Curly’s long term health includes:

• Feeding a balanced, good quality diet tailored to life stage and activity level
• Maintaining a lean, athletic body condition instead of allowing extra weight
• Providing regular exercise to keep muscles strong and joints mobile
• Keeping up with vaccinations, parasite control, and dental care

From a health testing perspective, potential puppy buyers should look for breeders who:

• Hip score their breeding dogs
• Conduct eye examinations and follow current breed club recommendations
• Are open about any health issues that have appeared in their lines and how they manage them

Insurance is worth considering, as the Curly’s size and working nature can mean that injuries or illnesses may be costly to treat. Policies that cover accidents, illnesses, and hereditary conditions offer peace of mind, especially if you plan a very active lifestyle with your dog.

By choosing a well bred Curly Coated Retriever, committing to responsible care, and developing a strong partnership with a trusted veterinarian, most owners can expect a healthy dog that enjoys many years of companionship, activity, and shared adventures.

History & Origins

The Curly Coated Retriever is widely regarded as one of the oldest of the modern retriever breeds, with roots stretching back to 19th century Britain. Developed as a working gundog, the Curly was prized by gamekeepers and hunters for its combination of stamina, water resistance, and steady temperament in the field.

Although exact details of its early development are not fully documented, it is generally believed that several different types of dog contributed to the Curly’s creation. These likely included water spaniels, early retrieving dogs, and possibly influences from breeds such as the Poodle or Irish Water Spaniel. The goal was to produce a retriever with a dense, curly coat that could protect the dog from cold water and rough cover, while maintaining a strong retrieving instinct and willingness to work.

By the mid to late 1800s, the Curly Coated Retriever was becoming established as a distinct breed in Britain. It was particularly associated with professional gamekeepers on large estates, where its ability to work all day in challenging terrain was highly valued. The Curly’s coat allowed it to push through brambles and thick reeds with less damage to the skin, and its steady, intelligent nature made it reliable for retrieving shot game both on land and in water.

The breed spread beyond Britain as interest in gundogs grew around the world. Curlies were exported to countries such as Australia and New Zealand, where they found a role not only as gundogs but also as versatile farm and station dogs. In some regions, they helped retrieve ducks and other waterfowl over vast wetlands, and their hardy constitution made them well suited to different climates.

Over time, other retriever breeds, particularly the Labrador and Golden Retriever, became more widely recognized as general family dogs and working gundogs. The Curly Coated Retriever, with its slightly more independent and reserved nature, remained somewhat more of a specialist’s breed. Today, it is considered relatively rare compared with some of its retriever cousins, but it maintains a dedicated following of enthusiasts who value its distinctive looks and working ability.

Modern Curly Coated Retrievers still participate in traditional gundog work, including picking up on shoots and working in the field. However, their skills have also found new outlets. Many Curlies take part in:

• Field trials and working tests
• Obedience and rally
• Agility and other sports
• Search and rescue or detection work in some regions

As awareness grows of the breed’s qualities as a family companion, more people are discovering the Curly’s unique blend of loyalty, intelligence, and practicality. Although still not common, the Curly Coated Retriever has moved from being primarily a working estate dog to a versatile partner for active, knowledgeable owners who appreciate a dog with deep roots in gundog history.

Living with the Breed

Choosing to live with a Curly Coated Retriever means committing to a dog that will be an active, intelligent presence in your life. This is rarely a “background” pet that is happy to be ignored. Instead, Curlies tend to want to be involved in what you are doing, whether that is hiking through the countryside, practicing training exercises, or simply relaxing in the living room after a busy day.

One of the first things new owners should be prepared for is the level of time and energy the breed requires. Daily exercise is not negotiable if you want a content Curly. A quick stroll on a lead is unlikely to satisfy an adult for long. They need proper physical outlets and mental challenges. Without this, a Curly may become bored and start to dig, chew, bark, or find other creative ways to entertain itself. For people who enjoy outdoor activities such as walking, running, or exploring nature, the Curly can be an ideal companion.

Financially, owning a Curly Coated Retriever is broadly comparable to other medium to large active breeds. Annual costs may include:

• Quality food appropriate for a working or active dog
• Regular veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite prevention
• Pet insurance or a dedicated savings fund for unexpected bills
• Training classes, gundog lessons, or participation in sports
• Equipment such as leads, harnesses, toys, crates, and grooming tools

The thick, curly coat means you will want to invest in towels, a suitable brush or comb, and possibly a dog drying coat if you live in a wet climate. Because Curlies enjoy water, a good strategy for managing damp dogs in the home is helpful. Many owners keep a designated area near the door with absorbent mats and towels, so the dog can dry off before roaming the house.

Space requirements depend partly on your lifestyle. A Curly can live in a smaller home or apartment if exercise needs are met reliably every single day, but a garden or access to secure open spaces makes life easier. A securely fenced yard is strongly recommended, as most Curlies are curious and physically capable of exploring beyond weak boundaries.

Useful equipment for living with a Curly Coated Retriever often includes:

• A sturdy, comfortable harness or well fitting collar
• A long line for training recall in open spaces
• Durable retrieving dummies, balls, or water toys
• A crate or secure den area for rest and travel
• Non slip bowls and a raised feeder if recommended by your vet for comfort

Social and mental needs are as important as physical ones. Curlies typically do not like being left alone for very long periods every day, especially when young. Gradual training to accept short absences, combined with puzzle toys or safe chews, can help them cope with time alone. However, owners whose schedules involve very long hours away from home each day may struggle to provide the companionship and structure that this breed needs.

Training should continue throughout the dog’s life. Curly Coated Retrievers often enjoy having a job, whether that is formal gundog work, participating in sports, or simply being your active walking companion who practices good manners and a few fun tricks. Regular refresher sessions help keep their minds sharp and reinforce your bond.

For families, open communication about the dog’s needs is vital. Everyone should understand the household rules for interacting with the Curly, such as not disturbing it while eating or resting, and helping with daily care tasks like grooming and exercise. When well integrated into family life, the Curly Coated Retriever often becomes a much loved member who shares in holidays, trips, and everyday routines.

Living with a Curly is not always effortless. There will likely be muddy paws, wet curls, and periods of naughty adolescent behavior. Yet for owners who appreciate the breed’s intelligence, independence, and working heritage, the effort is rewarded with a companion that is both reliable and full of personality. With commitment, kindness, and a sense of humor, the Curly Coated Retriever can bring many years of joy, activity, and close companionship to the right home.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a Curly Coated Retriever with family members and strangers?

This breed is usually affectionate and loyal with its own family but can be noticeably more reserved with strangers compared to other retrievers. Many are confident and independent thinkers, which can come across as aloof in new situations. Early, positive socialization is important to keep that natural reserve from turning into shyness or suspicion.

How much exercise does a Curly Coated Retriever really need each day?

This is a high energy, working gundog that usually needs at least 60 to 90 minutes of vigorous daily exercise plus mental stimulation. Off lead running, swimming, and structured retrieving games are ideal outlets. Without enough activity, they can become bored and may develop problem behaviors such as destructive chewing or restlessness.

How do you properly care for the tight curls on a Curly Coated Retriever?

The coat generally needs less brushing than many retrievers but requires a specific approach. Light combing or brushing once a week is usually enough, and the coat is often misted with water afterward so the curls spring back. Overbrushing can make the coat frizzy, and clipping is normally limited to tidying the ears, feet, and tail for hygiene.

Do Curly Coated Retrievers shed and are they hypoallergenic?

They do shed, although the tight curls can trap some loose hair before it falls. Shedding is typically moderate and may increase seasonally. They are not considered hypoallergenic because they still produce dander and shed hair, so allergy sufferers may still react.

Are Curly Coated Retrievers good with children and other dogs?

They are often gentle and tolerant with children when well socialized, but their size and energy level mean supervision is important, especially with toddlers. With other dogs, many are sociable, though their confident and sometimes independent nature can lead to friction with pushy or dominant dogs. Early socialization and clear owner leadership help them fit well into multi dog homes.

What health problems are most common in Curly Coated Retrievers?

The breed is prone to certain issues such as hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and some eye diseases. There is also an increased risk of certain cancers compared to some other breeds, and some individuals may develop bloat. Responsible breeders usually screen for joint and eye conditions and monitor their lines for cancer history.

Is a Curly Coated Retriever suitable for a first time dog owner?

This breed can be challenging for a novice because of its combination of high energy, intelligence, and independent streak. They respond well to calm, confident, and consistent training that uses positive reinforcement. A committed beginner working with a good trainer can be successful, but a very easygoing or hands off owner may struggle.

How does the Curly Coated Retriever compare to a Labrador or Golden Retriever in training and personality?

Curlys are typically more independent and less eager to please than many Labradors and Goldens, which can make them feel more serious and self directed. They learn quickly but may question repetition and can become bored with drilling. They often suit owners who appreciate a slightly more reserved dog with a working mindset rather than a highly biddable, always social companion.

Can a Curly Coated Retriever live in an apartment or city environment?

Apartment or city living is possible if the dog receives substantial daily exercise and off lead time in safe areas. Mental enrichment such as training, scent games, and retrieving work is also important. Without those outlets, the confined space can increase frustration and make them harder to manage.

What kind of grooming and maintenance does a Curly Coated Retriever need after swimming or working in the field?

The coat is designed to protect the dog in cold water, so it usually dries relatively quickly on its own. After swimming, a thorough rinse in fresh water helps remove debris or salt, and the ears should be checked and dried to reduce the risk of infections. Regular checks for burrs, grass seeds, and skin irritation are important if the dog works in rough cover.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Curly Coated Retriever Club of Great Britain
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)