Azawakh

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Ancient sighthound from the Sahel region, traditionally kept by nomadic Tuareg people as a guardian and hunting companion
• Extremely lean, high-legged, and athletic, built for speed, endurance, and agility across desert landscapes
• Deeply loyal and affectionate with their own family, yet often reserved, dignified, and aloof with strangers
• Needs a securely fenced area and plenty of daily exercise to stay balanced, happy, and healthy
• Low-shedding, short coat that is easy to care for but offers little insulation, so Azawakhs are sensitive to cold and damp weather

Appearance & Coat

The Azawakh has one of the most distinctive silhouettes in the dog world. Tall, lean, and elegant, this African sighthound looks almost sculpted. At first glance many people notice the pronounced tuck-up of the abdomen, long legs, and visible muscles and bones. This is not a sign of poor condition in a healthy Azawakh. It is part of the breed’s natural type, developed over centuries in an extremely harsh climate where lightness and efficiency meant survival.

Males typically stand around 64 to 74 cm at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller, usually 60 to 70 cm. They are rectangular in outline with a body that is longer than it is tall. The chest is deep but not very broad, and the loin is dry and muscular. Their head is long and narrow, with a flat skull and a straight muzzle. The eyes are almond shaped, often dark and expressive, giving the dog an attentive and sometimes slightly reserved look. Ears are set high and carried close to the head, usually hanging in a triangular shape.

The coat of the Azawakh is extremely short, fine, and lies close to the skin. On some dogs the hair is so sparse on the belly that the skin shows through. This thin coat suits a hot, dry climate, but it means that the breed is quite sensitive to cold, wind, and rain. Owners in cooler regions often find that their Azawakh prefers a warm blanket and a cozy bed indoors rather than lying on a cold floor.

Colors and patterns are varied. Common colors include:

• Fawn in many shades, from light sand to deep red
• Brindle, often with dark stripes over a fawn background
• Various shades of brown, grizzle, or sand

White markings are quite typical. Many Azawakhs have white socks, a white tip at the tail, and a white chest. Some show a narrow white line on the face. There are also solid colored dogs in some lines. The skin is very thin, so scars and minor marks can be relatively visible, especially on short-coated, light-colored individuals.

Coat care is straightforward, but that does not mean you can ignore it. A weekly rub with a soft grooming mitt or a rubber curry brush helps remove dead hairs and keeps the skin healthy. These dogs do not tend to smell strongly, so frequent baths are rarely needed. When a bath is necessary, a mild dog shampoo is enough. Always dry the dog properly, especially in cool weather, since the coat provides very little protection.

Because of their lean build, Azawakhs are prone to pressure points on hard surfaces. A thick, supportive dog bed is important. Their skin can be delicate, so check regularly for small cuts or abrasions if your dog runs in rough terrain. In many climates you will also need a fitted coat or sweater for winter walks, particularly for older or very slim dogs.

Their appearance is sometimes misunderstood by people who are used to heavier breeds. A healthy Azawakh will often have visible ribs and a very tucked-up abdomen. Overfeeding destroys the breed’s graceful lines and can burden joints that were designed for a light frame. A balance between correct body condition, appropriate exercise, and careful coat and skin care will help this striking dog look and feel at its best.

Temperament & Personality

Living with an Azawakh is a unique experience. This is not a typical companion dog that immediately loves everyone. Instead, the Azawakh is a proud, sensitive, and thoughtful sighthound with a strong sense of loyalty to its family. When you earn an Azawakh’s trust, you gain a deeply devoted companion who will quietly follow you from room to room, rest close to you on the sofa, and watch you with calm, almond-shaped eyes.

With their own people, Azawakhs are often affectionate and gentle. Many form an especially strong bond with one person, but they can also be loving and playful with the whole household. They enjoy warmth and comfort and are often described as “couch athletes” at home. After a good run or a long walk, they are usually happy to curl up and rest in a sunny spot or on a soft bed for hours.

Strangers are another matter. Traditionally, Azawakhs were expected to show aloofness and even a protective attitude towards unfamiliar people or animals. Modern dogs retain some of this character. Many Azawakhs are reserved or cautious with people they do not know. They might observe from a distance, remain silent and watchful, or keep behind their owner. This is not usually aggression, but it can be misread by those expecting a wagging, overly friendly dog. Good early socialization helps them feel more comfortable in public places, but most will never behave like an outgoing retriever.

With children, the Azawakh can be kind and tolerant when properly introduced and respected. They are not typically rough or boisterous, which can be an advantage in homes with calm, dog-savvy children. However, they are sensitive to loud noise, erratic movements, and rough handling. Families should teach children to treat the dog gently, to allow it a safe space to retreat to, and never to climb on, hug too tightly, or corner the dog. For very young or very active children, another breed might be easier, or extra care is needed to ensure harmony.

Around other dogs, Azawakhs show a wide range of behavior. Many are polite or indifferent with well mannered dogs they know, and they can live happily with a compatible canine companion, particularly another sighthound that shares a similar communication style. However, same sex tensions can occur, especially between mature males. Careful introductions and respectful distance at first meetings are recommended. Their hunting instinct is strong, so small animals such as rabbits, guinea pigs, or free running cats may be seen as prey. Some Azawakhs can live peacefully with cats that are part of the household if raised together from a young age, but owners should never assume that a strong prey drive can be trained away.

Emotionally, the Azawakh is very sensitive. They respond deeply to the atmosphere in the home. Harsh voices, chaotic behavior, or inconsistent rules can unsettle them. They do not do well with rough punishment or shouting. On the other hand, a calm, respectful, and predictable environment allows their best qualities to shine. They are observant dogs that quietly notice routines, moods, and patterns. Many owners describe them as almost cat-like in the way they choose when to interact and when to retreat to a favorite bed to rest.

Common challenges include separation anxiety, suspicion of strangers, strong chase instinct, and a tendency to shut down if training methods are too forceful. Prospective owners should be ready to invest time and empathy in helping their Azawakh feel safe and secure. When properly supported, this breed can be a dignified, loyal, and surprisingly tender companion.

Training & Exercise

The Azawakh is an athletic sighthound that carries centuries of functional breeding in its veins. These dogs need both physical exercise and mental engagement to be at their best. Without suitable outlets, an Azawakh can become frustrated, restless, or even destructive. At the same time, they are not working dogs in the same sense as herding or protection breeds, and they do not always thrive on repetitive, highly structured tasks.

Daily exercise should include brisk walking and regular opportunities for free running in a safe, enclosed area. Most adult Azawakhs enjoy at least one long walk of 45 to 60 minutes combined with shorter outings and play sessions. On top of that, several times a week they benefit from high speed runs where they can stretch their legs. A securely fenced field, a large garden with proper fencing, or a private dog park can be ideal. Open, unfenced areas are risky because their hunting instinct is powerful. Once an Azawakh spots a moving target, such as a hare or deer, recall can completely vanish.

Organized activities can suit the breed well if approached thoughtfully. Many Azawakhs enjoy:

• Lure coursing, which allows them to chase a mechanical lure in a controlled environment
• Canicross or jogging with an experienced runner who builds distance slowly
• Long hikes in nature where they can use their senses and explore calmly on leash

Some individuals also do well in obedience, rally, or even agility, but training must respect the dog’s sensitivity and independent thinking. Azawakhs tend to get bored with too much repetition. Short, varied training sessions with positive reinforcement work best. Food rewards, gentle praise, and play are far more effective than corrections or pressure.

When it comes to training, the Azawakh is intelligent but not blindly obedient. These dogs think for themselves and often ask “why” before choosing to comply. That is part of their heritage as desert guardians, where independent decision making was highly valued. They respond best to a calm, confident handler who sets clear boundaries while staying fair and consistent. Nagging, shouting, or physical punishment will usually damage trust and can result in withdrawal or defensive behavior.

Early socialization is vital. From puppyhood, an Azawakh should meet friendly, calm people and dogs, hear many household sounds, and experience different places. The goal is to help them see the world as safe rather than threatening. Puppy classes that use gentle, reward based methods can be very beneficial, not only for basic skills like sit and recall but also for building positive associations with other dogs and humans. However, the trainer should understand sighthounds and allow shy puppies time to observe instead of forcing interaction.

Leash training is particularly important. Azawakhs are fast, agile, and motivated by movement, so a solid foundation in loose leash walking and a reliable recall in safe environments are crucial. Even with excellent training, many owners decide to keep their Azawakhs on leash outside fenced areas for safety. A long line attached to a harness can provide a good compromise by allowing more freedom while maintaining control.

Mental stimulation is sometimes overlooked but plays a big role in keeping an Azawakh content. Food puzzles, scent games in the garden, basic trick training, and varied walking routes all help engage their mind. Some individuals enjoy searching for hidden toys or treats, which taps into their natural hunting instincts in a safe way.

Puppies and young dogs should not be over-exercised. Their bones and joints are still developing, and too much high impact activity can cause problems later in life. Short, frequent walks, gentle play, and controlled off leash time in small spaces are preferable until the dog is fully mature. By adulthood, with the right mix of physical outlet and mental work, the Azawakh can settle into a peaceful routine where athletic intensity outdoors is balanced by calm companionship indoors.

Health

Azawakhs are generally considered a fairly robust and natural breed, shaped more by function and environment than by extreme selective breeding. However, like all dogs, they have some health concerns that owners and breeders should be aware of. Understanding these issues and working with responsible breeders and veterinarians helps support a long, healthy life.

One of the most talked about structural concerns in medium to large dogs is hip dysplasia. While it is not reported as frequently in Azawakhs as in some heavy breeds, screening breeding dogs through hip evaluation is still advisable. Healthy hip joints are important for any sighthound that loves to run and jump. Some breeders also choose to screen elbows, although elbow dysplasia is less commonly associated with this breed.

Cardiac health is another area of attention. Azawakhs have naturally low body fat and a lean frame, which can give them a pronounced heartbeat and visible chest movement. This is normal, but there are also potential inherited heart conditions in sighthounds as a group. Responsible breeders may use cardiac exams or echocardiography on breeding stock to detect subtle issues. As a pet owner, routine checkups, awareness of symptoms like coughing, exercise intolerance, or fainting, and prompt veterinary care are important.

Autoimmune and metabolic conditions can occur, although they are not widespread. As with many purebred dogs, vigilance and transparent communication within the breeding community help keep track of any emerging patterns. Some Azawakhs may have a more sensitive digestive system, and sudden changes in diet can lead to stomach upset. Because of their deep chest, owners should also be aware of gastric dilatation and volvulus, often known as bloat. While not as common in Azawakhs as in some heavier, deep chested breeds, the risk exists. Feeding two or three smaller meals per day, avoiding heavy exercise directly after eating, and learning the warning signs can be life saving.

Another important point is anesthetic sensitivity. Sighthounds, including Azawakhs, often process certain drugs differently, particularly those stored in body fat. Their low fat content can make some standard doses too strong. Any veterinarian performing surgery or even minor procedures should be informed that the dog is a sighthound. Modern anesthetic protocols can be adapted easily, but it is crucial that the vet is aware.

Skin and coat health merit special attention. The Azawakh’s very thin skin and short coat leave it more exposed to small cuts, abrasions, and insect bites. Regular inspection after runs in rough terrain helps catch small wounds before they get infected. Some individuals can be prone to calluses on elbows or hocks if they lie too often on hard surfaces. Providing padded bedding and checking these areas regularly is a simple but effective preventative step.

Eyes should be checked periodically for signs of irritation, discharge, or cloudiness. While inherited eye diseases do not appear to be a major problem in the breed compared to some others, eye examinations of breeding dogs are an extra layer of precaution that many ethical breeders welcome.

The average lifespan of an Azawakh typically falls in the range of 12 to 14 years, with some dogs living even longer when well cared for. Keeping the dog at a correct weight, feeding a balanced, high quality diet, and maintaining an appropriate exercise schedule contribute significantly to longevity. Routine veterinary checks, vaccination according to local guidance, parasite control, and dental care all play their part. Dental hygiene is sometimes neglected in sighthounds because they rarely show obvious discomfort until problems are advanced. Getting the dog used to tooth brushing and inspecting the mouth regularly can prevent many issues later.

Before buying a puppy, prospective owners should ask breeders about:

• Health tests carried out on the parents
• Any known hereditary issues in the lines
• Lifespan of related dogs
• How puppies are raised, socialized, and vetted

By choosing breeders who value health, soundness, and temperament over appearance alone, you increase the chance of welcoming a healthy Azawakh that will share your life for many years.

History & Origins

The Azawakh is a living piece of Saharan history. This breed developed over centuries among nomadic peoples in the Sahel zone, particularly the Tuareg and related ethnic groups that travel across present day Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and surrounding regions. Named after the Azawakh Valley, the breed is much more than a hunting dog. For its original owners it has been a guardian, a status symbol, and a valued member of the camp.

In its homeland, the Azawakh lived closely with people, often sleeping near tents and moving alongside caravans. It was expected to guard property and livestock, alert to strangers and potential threats. During hunts, these agile sighthounds pursued game such as hare, antelope, and sometimes even larger quarry, working in harsh climate conditions of heat, sand, and limited water. Their remarkable endurance and ability to cover vast distances on lean rations are a direct result of these working demands. Dogs that lacked stamina or health simply did not survive or were not bred.

Unlike some European breeds that were carefully documented early on, the Azawakh’s story remained mostly oral and practical for a long time. Dogs were bred based on their performance, temperament, and adaptation to the environment rather than written pedigrees. Coat color was generally less important than the dog’s ability to guard and hunt effectively, although certain patterns were favored within particular tribes.

The breed began to appear in Europe in the late twentieth century, most notably through French and later other European enthusiasts with connections to West Africa. The first Azawakhs arrived in Europe in the 1970s, where they attracted attention due to their striking, almost otherworldly appearance and noble bearing. From there, small breeding programs were established aimed at preserving the original type and character as closely as possible. The focus remained on maintaining the natural, functional structure and the reserved but loyal temperament.

Recognition by national and international kennel clubs followed gradually. The Azawakh is now recognized by major kennel organizations and has an official breed standard, which describes its slim, high-legged silhouette, short coat, and characteristic behavior. Despite this formal recognition, the breed remains relatively rare worldwide. This rarity can be seen as both a challenge and a blessing. It means that breeders and owners often know one another and can work together to protect health and true type, but it also requires vigilance to avoid narrowing of the gene pool or breeding solely for looks.

Today, the Azawakh still serves as a working dog in parts of its homeland, where it continues to guard camps, livestock, and people and to chase game when needed. In Europe, North America, and elsewhere, it is mainly kept as a companion dog, sometimes with roles in sports such as lure coursing or long distance running. In the right environment the Azawakh can make a dignified show dog, highlighting its confident, proud movement and statuesque figure in the ring.

The modern Azawakh stands at an interesting crossroads between ancient tradition and contemporary life. Many dedicated breeders strive to keep as much of the original desert dog as possible, including its natural suspicion of strangers and austere beauty, while also helping the breed adapt to family life in apartments, houses, and cities. Understanding this background helps potential owners see why Azawakhs can be more reserved, more sensitive, and more independent than many popular modern breeds. They carry the story of the Sahel with them and deserve to be appreciated in that context.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with an Azawakh is rewarding, but it is not a casual commitment. These dogs combine high physical needs with emotional sensitivity and a strong independent streak. Before bringing one home, it helps to picture your daily routine and ask whether an Azawakh truly fits into it.

At home, they are typically quiet and clean. They like comfort and will quickly choose the softest bed in the house. Providing at least one thick, padded dog bed in a warm, draft free spot is essential. Many owners have several beds in different rooms so the dog can stay near the family while resting. Because of their fine coat, Azawakhs feel the cold more than many breeds. In cooler regions, you should expect to provide:

• A well fitting coat or sweater for winter walks
• Warm bedding, possibly with a blanket
• Limited time outdoors in cold or wet weather

They do not handle long periods in kennels or unheated spaces very well. This is a breed best suited to living inside the home, close to their people.

A securely fenced garden or yard is highly recommended. Fencing must be high enough and solid enough to contain an agile, motivated dog. Many Azawakhs can clear low fences with ease. They should never be left unattended in an unfenced area, and even in fenced gardens it is wise to supervise, especially in the early months, to learn how your dog behaves. Gates should be kept closed and secure, since an Azawakh that slips out to chase something might run a long distance before stopping.

Financially, owning an Azawakh comes with typical medium to large dog costs. These include:

• Quality food suited to an active, lean dog
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite prevention
• Insurance or a savings buffer for unexpected health issues
• Equipment such as collars, harnesses, leads, coats, comfortable beds, and puzzle toys

Annual costs can vary widely by country, but many owners find that ongoing expenses for food, vet checks, and insurance quickly add up. It is wise to plan a realistic budget in advance rather than underestimating. As a very active breed, Azawakhs sometimes need additional care for minor injuries, muscle strains, or cut pads, all of which may require vet visits.

Time commitment is perhaps the most important factor. An Azawakh needs:

• Daily exercise, often more than one outing
• Training and socialization, especially in the first two years
• Companionship and mental stimulation

They do not thrive if left alone for long working days on a regular basis. While they are not as prone to destructive boredom as some working breeds, their attachment to their family means that being isolated can cause stress. If you work full time away from home, consider whether a dog walker, daycare, or flexible work arrangement is possible. Gradual training to tolerate short periods alone is key, beginning when the dog is still young.

Useful equipment for an Azawakh household includes a secure, well fitted sighthound style collar or a comfortable harness, a strong leash, and possibly a long line for controlled freedom. Because of their thin necks and deep chests, standard collars can slip over the head, so many owners choose martingale style collars that gently tighten if the dog backs out, without choking. A non restrictive harness is also helpful for activities such as canicross or hiking.

Indoors, Azawakhs generally have polite manners if guided correctly from the beginning. Setting house rules early, such as whether they may lie on furniture or where they sleep at night, avoids confusion later. They enjoy routine and clear expectations. Calm, consistent boundaries create a sense of security and help them relax.

Travel and social outings require some thought. An Azawakh usually prefers places where it has enough personal space and is not constantly approached by strangers. Busy markets, crowded events, or loud festivals may be stressful, especially for dogs that are already naturally reserved. Many owners find that their Azawakhs enjoy quiet cafes with outdoor seating, walks in nature, or visits to friends’ houses when slowly introduced. A crate or travel box in the car can provide a safe, familiar space during transport.

For the right person, living with an Azawakh is a deep relationship rather than just ownership. This breed asks for respect, patience, and understanding. In return, you receive a graceful, loyal, and sensitive companion who shares your daily life with quiet presence, flashes of joyful speed, and a look that seems to carry memories of the desert. If that combination of athleticism, dignity, and emotional depth appeals to you, and you are ready for the commitment, the Azawakh can be an unforgettable partner.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of temperament does the Azawakh have with family and strangers?

This breed is typically deeply devoted and affectionate with its own family but reserved, aloof, or wary with strangers. It is highly sensitive and bonds closely to a small circle of people. Early and ongoing socialization is important to avoid excessive shyness or suspicion. Many are quiet and dignified indoors but can be intense when alert or in motion.

How much exercise does an Azawakh really need each day?

This is a high-endurance sighthound that needs daily opportunities to sprint and stretch out safely, along with regular long walks. Most adults do best with at least 60 to 90 minutes of combined physical and mental activity per day. Access to a large, securely fenced area is ideal. Without enough outlet, they can become restless, anxious, or destructive.

Are Azawakhs good pets for first-time dog owners?

They are usually not recommended for first-time dog owners because of their sensitivity, independence, and strong prey drive. Handling their aloof nature with strangers and their need for careful socialization can be challenging for beginners. Owners should be confident, patient, and comfortable with a dog that does not always seek constant interaction. Experience with sighthounds or other primitive breeds is especially helpful.

Can an Azawakh live comfortably in an apartment or city environment?

Apartment or city living can work if the dog receives substantial daily exercise and mental stimulation, but it is not an ideal match for a sedentary lifestyle. They are generally calm indoors, yet they need safe places to run regularly. Noise sensitivity or reactivity to urban stimuli can be an issue without careful socialization. Good insulation from cold surfaces and drafts is also important due to their very lean build.

What health issues are Azawakhs prone to and how long do they typically live?

They are generally a robust, athletic breed but can be prone to autoimmune issues, certain heart conditions, and sensitivity to anesthesia. Their low body fat and fine coat also make them more vulnerable to cold and pressure sores. With good care, many live around 12 to 15 years. Ethical breeders screen for cardiac and autoimmune concerns and monitor lines for emerging issues.

Why do Azawakhs look so thin, and is that really healthy for them?

This breed has a naturally lean, almost angular build with visibly outlined musculature and, in many individuals, a clearly defined ribcage. A fit adult should look slender by typical pet dog standards, but not weak or lethargic. Weight should be judged by muscle tone, energy level, and vet assessment rather than by trying to hide the ribs. Overfeeding to make them look rounder can harm their joints and overall health.

How strong is an Azawakh’s prey drive and can it live safely with cats or small dogs?

Prey drive is usually very strong, since the breed was developed to chase and pursue game in the Sahel region. Some individuals can live peacefully with indoor cats or small dogs if they are raised together and carefully managed. However, small, fast-moving animals outdoors may always trigger chase behavior, even in well trained dogs. Secure fencing and strict supervision around small pets are essential.

How easy is it to train an Azawakh and what methods work best?

They are intelligent but independent and can be unwilling to repeat exercises they find pointless. Training should be based on gentle, consistent, reward-based methods without harsh corrections, which can damage trust. Short, varied sessions work better than long drills. Building a strong bond and respecting their sensitivity usually produces better results than trying to dominate them.

What grooming and coat care does an Azawakh need?

Coat care is minimal due to the short, fine hair that sheds lightly year-round. Regular brushing with a soft glove or mitt and periodic baths are usually sufficient. Attention to nail trimming, ear checks, and dental care is still important. Because of the thin skin and lack of undercoat, they may need a coat in cold or wet weather and soft bedding to protect pressure points.

Is an Azawakh safe and suitable around children?

They can live with respectful, calm children, especially if raised together, but they are not typically a tolerant, rough-and-tumble family dog. Their sensitivity and reserved nature mean they may withdraw or become stressed by loud, unpredictable behavior. Supervision and clear rules for both dog and child are essential. Families with very young or highly boisterous children may find a different breed easier.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Société Centrale Canine (France)
• VDH - Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen (Germany)