Icelandic Sheepdog

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• The Icelandic Sheepdog is Iceland’s only native dog breed and has lived alongside Vikings for over a thousand years.
• It is known for a cheerful, social nature and tends to greet visitors as friends rather than intruders.
• This spitz‑type herding dog comes in both short and long coat varieties, always with a thick double coat that shrugs off bad weather.
• The breed is naturally vocal, using its bark to communicate and herd, which can be both useful and challenging in modern homes.
• Icelandic Sheepdogs are versatile companions that thrive in active families, excelling in activities such as agility, hiking, and herding trials.

Appearance & Coat

The Icelandic Sheepdog is a medium‑small, sturdy spitz type with a well balanced and slightly rectangular body. Most adult males stand around 46 centimeters at the shoulder, with females a little smaller, usually around 42 centimeters. Weight often ranges from 9 to 16 kilograms depending on sex, build, and conditioning. The overall impression is of a compact, agile dog that can move quickly and change direction with ease, something that was essential when working Icelandic sheep and horses across rough terrain.

One of the first things people notice about the Icelandic Sheepdog is its foxy, expressive face. The eyes are almond shaped and dark, with a lively and kind expression. Triangular, erect ears sit high on the head and are very mobile, often turning toward sounds like small radar dishes. A thick, bushy tail curls over the back or to one side, typical of northern spitz breeds. When the dog is relaxed, the tail may fall more loosely, but in motion it usually curls jauntily, adding to the breed’s cheerful look.

The coat is a defining feature. The Icelandic Sheepdog has a dense double coat that provides insulation against wind, rain, and snow. There are two coat lengths:

• Short‑coated: The outer hair is of medium length on the body, with shorter hair on the face and front of the legs, and somewhat longer hair on the neck, chest, and back of the thighs.
• Long‑coated: The outer hair is longer and often forms a noticeable mane around the neck and shoulders, as well as feathering on the backs of the legs and tail.

In both varieties, the undercoat is soft, thick, and incredibly weather resistant. This undercoat is what keeps the Icelandic Sheepdog warm in winter and cool in summer by trapping air close to the skin. Colors are always multi‑colored in combination with white. Common shades include various reds, fawns, creams, chocolates, and blacks, often with white markings and sometimes with black masks or sable shading. The exact pattern can vary a great deal, which means no two Icelandic Sheepdogs look exactly alike.

Coat care is fairly straightforward but requires consistency. The breed sheds heavily once or twice a year, and during these shedding seasons you will find tufts of undercoat on furniture, clothes, and in corners of the house. A thorough brushing at least three times a week during shedding will help remove loose hair and keep the coat healthy. Outside of shedding periods, a weekly brush through is usually enough. A slicker brush or pin brush combined with a metal comb works well to reach the undercoat, especially around the ruff, hindquarters, and tail.

Regular grooming should also include checking and cleaning the ears, trimming nails, and keeping an eye on teeth. Bathing can be infrequent, as the coat has some natural self‑cleaning properties. Many Icelandic Sheepdogs only need a bath a few times a year unless they roll in something particularly smelly. Overbathing can strip the coat of its natural oils, so a light dog shampoo and thorough rinse are important. With reasonably simple grooming habits and a coat built for the outdoors, the Icelandic Sheepdog is fairly low maintenance for a double coated breed, although prospective owners should be comfortable living with some dog hair as part of daily life.

Temperament & Personality

The Icelandic Sheepdog has a reputation as a happy, enthusiastic, and deeply people oriented companion. Owners often describe them as “smiling” dogs because of their bright, sparkling expressions and animated behavior. They enjoy being involved in anything their family is doing, whether that means hiking in the mountains, working in the garden, or simply moving from room to room in the house. This is not a breed that likes to be left out or shut away from family activities.

With families, the Icelandic Sheepdog is usually warm natured, patient, and affectionate. Many do well in homes with children, particularly when raised with them and taught appropriate behavior. Their gentle but playful demeanor can make them wonderful playmates for kids, although they can be quite bouncy and energetic, especially when young. Supervision is important with very small children so that everyone learns to respect each other’s boundaries. If socialized early, Icelandic Sheepdogs often develop into dogs that are tolerant of the hustle and bustle of an active household.

The breed’s herding background shows up in its alertness and natural desire to keep track of everyone. Some Icelandic Sheepdogs will try to “round up” people or other pets, occasionally by circling or light nipping at heels. While this is not usually aggressive, it can be startling or annoying if not managed. Clear, kind training and redirecting this behavior into games or structured activities will help. Their strong bond with their family also means that many Icelandic Sheepdogs are sensitive to changes in household mood. They rarely respond well to harsh treatment or raised voices, and can become anxious if they feel that things are tense or unpredictable.

One trait that stands out is their vocal nature. Traditionally, Icelandic Sheepdogs used barking to help herd sheep, alert to predators, and communicate across long distances in open landscapes. In a modern neighborhood, this can translate into a dog that announces visitors, passing dogs, strange noises, and sometimes leaves blowing down the street. While some barking is typical and part of their character, it can be moderated with consistent training. Teaching quiet commands, providing adequate exercise, and ensuring they are mentally stimulated goes a long way toward preventing problem barking. Prospective owners who prefer a very quiet dog might find this breed challenging, but those who appreciate an expressive communicator often grow to love their commentary.

With strangers, Icelandic Sheepdogs are usually friendly or at least politely reserved rather than suspicious. They often greet guests with wagging tails and curious sniffs, happy to make new friends once they sense that everything is safe. They are not natural guard dogs and often lack the seriousness that dedicated guarding breeds display. Instead, they act more like enthusiastic hosts who like to meet new people and keep an eye on the situation.

When it comes to other animals, Icelandic Sheepdogs generally do well, particularly if exposed to a variety of dogs and pets from a young age. Their cooperative herding heritage means they are used to working around livestock, horses, and other dogs. Many live happily alongside cats, especially if introductions are done gently and boundaries are enforced. Of course, individual temperaments vary, and some dogs may be more assertive or pushy than others, so careful socialization remains essential.

Overall, the Icelandic Sheepdog combines a soft heart with a lively spirit. They thrive in homes where they receive plenty of interaction, structure, and affection. Owners who enjoy a dog that is cheerful, vocal, and always ready for the next adventure will find their personality a continuous source of joy, while those who prefer a more independent or quiet companion may need to adjust their expectations before welcoming one into their home.

Training & Exercise

The Icelandic Sheepdog is an intelligent, quick learning breed that enjoys working closely with people. Training typically goes best when it is based on positive reinforcement, clear communication, and variety. Because many Icelandic Sheepdogs are sensitive and eager to please, they do not respond well to heavy handed corrections or harsh methods. Instead, they thrive with rewards such as small treats, toys, enthusiastic praise, and opportunities to play or explore.

Basic obedience training should start early, ideally as soon as the puppy arrives home. Teaching fundamental cues such as sit, down, stay, come, and leave it provides structure and helps prevent unwanted habits from taking root. Icelandic Sheepdogs can be a little mischievous and inventive, so having reliable cues allows you to channel their energy in helpful directions. Short, fun training sessions of 5 to 10 minutes several times a day tend to be more effective than long, repetitive drills.

One area that deserves particular attention is recall. Because the breed was traditionally used for herding across open landscapes, many individuals enjoy running and exploring. A strong recall is important for safety, especially if you plan to hike or exercise off leash. Using long lines, high value rewards, and plenty of practice in various environments will help build a dependable response. Teaching a solid “quiet” cue can also be very useful, given the breed’s natural inclination to bark.

In terms of exercise, the Icelandic Sheepdog is an active breed, but not usually hyperactive. Most adults are happiest with at least one to two hours of physical activity each day, combined with mental enrichment. This can include:

• Brisk daily walks or hikes, including varied terrain when possible
• Off leash running in safe, enclosed areas
• Games of fetch, tug, or hide and seek with toys
• Scent games or simple tracking exercises in the garden or park

Alongside physical exercise, mental stimulation is crucial. Puzzle feeders, training new tricks, and rotating interactive toys keep their intelligent minds engaged. Many Icelandic Sheepdogs excel in organized dog sports. Agility, where dogs navigate obstacle courses with jumps, tunnels, and weave poles, is particularly well suited to their nimble bodies and quick wits. Obedience, rally, and herding trials also offer excellent outlets for their working instincts and strengthen the bond between dog and handler.

Some owners also enjoy activities such as canicross, hiking, or even recreational search and rescue style games with their Icelandic Sheepdogs. The breed’s strong nose, attentiveness, and eagerness to work make them versatile partners in many different settings. They are typically more moderate in intensity than some of the highest energy herding breeds, which means they can also adapt to quieter days if their overall activity needs are met regularly.

Without enough exercise and engagement, an Icelandic Sheepdog can become bored, and boredom can lead to problem behaviors like excessive barking, chewing, or creative attempts to escape the yard. Planning a daily routine that includes physical outings and short training or play sessions indoors will help prevent these issues. A well exercised Icelandic Sheepdog is usually a relaxed, contented companion in the home.

Training should extend beyond formal commands and sports to include good manners around visitors, calm behavior in the car, and comfortable handling for grooming and veterinary care. Because they are often sociable by nature, Icelandic Sheepdogs usually enjoy puppy classes and structured playgroups, where they can practice polite interactions with other dogs and people. With patient, consistent guidance, most Icelandic Sheepdogs develop into cooperative, responsive partners who genuinely enjoy the process of learning and working together.

Health

The Icelandic Sheepdog is generally considered a robust and healthy breed, shaped by centuries of working in a harsh northern environment. Historically, only the hardiest dogs survived the demanding climate and conditions of Iceland, which has helped create a breed with a solid constitution. However, like all purebred dogs, Icelandic Sheepdogs can be predisposed to certain health concerns that responsible breeders and owners should be aware of.

One area of focus is joint health. Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia can occur in the breed, although careful breeding practices have helped to keep the incidence relatively moderate compared with some larger working breeds. Screening breeding dogs with hip and elbow evaluations is strongly recommended. Prospective puppy buyers should ask breeders about hip and elbow scores in the parents and, ideally, in previous generations. Maintaining a healthy body weight and avoiding strenuous impact activities while the dog is still growing can also help protect developing joints.

Eye health is another consideration. Conditions such as cataracts and distichiasis, where extra eyelashes grow along the eyelid margin, have been observed. Regular eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist and certification for breeding dogs help reduce the risk of passing on hereditary eye problems. Owners should watch for signs like increased tearing, cloudiness, redness, or the dog showing sensitivity to light and seek veterinary advice if these appear.

Some Icelandic Sheepdogs may be susceptible to patellar luxation, where the kneecap moves out of its normal position, and other orthopedic conditions. While serious issues are not extremely common, responsible breeders often have their dogs evaluated for patellar stability and other structural concerns. Epilepsy and certain autoimmune conditions have been reported in the breed, though they are not widespread. Conscientious breeding programs aim to monitor these issues and avoid mating dogs that may increase the risk.

The typical lifespan of an Icelandic Sheepdog is around 12 to 14 years, with many dogs remaining active and engaged well into their senior years. To support long term health, owners should prioritize:

• A balanced, high quality diet appropriate for the dog’s age, size, and activity level
• Routine veterinary checkups, including dental examinations and professional cleaning when needed
• Regular exercise to maintain muscle tone, heart health, and mental well being without overstraining the joints
• Weight management, as extra kilos can stress the joints and increase the risk of metabolic problems

Preventive care is especially important given the breed’s thick coat. Ticks or skin issues can sometimes go unnoticed, so owners should use their grooming sessions to check the skin, ears, and paws. Dental care is often overlooked but can have a big impact on overall health. Daily or at least frequent tooth brushing, along with suitable chews, helps prevent plaque buildup and periodontal disease.

Genetic testing is increasingly used in many breeds, and Icelandic Sheepdog breeders may employ available tests to screen for known inherited conditions where relevant. When choosing a puppy, it is wise to discuss which health checks have been performed on the parents and what kind of health guarantee or support the breeder offers. A caring breeder will be open about any health issues that have appeared in their lines and will be committed to improving the breed’s overall health.

With attentive care, routine veterinary support, and thoughtful breeding practices, most Icelandic Sheepdogs enjoy long, active lives. Prospective owners who commit to regular checkups, healthy nutrition, and appropriate exercise will greatly improve the chances that their dog remains a lively, loyal companion for many years.

History & Origins

The Icelandic Sheepdog has one of the oldest and most fascinating histories among modern dog breeds. Its ancestors arrived in Iceland over a thousand years ago with Norse settlers, often referred to as Vikings. These early seafaring people brought their spitz type herding dogs on ships as they explored and settled new lands in the North Atlantic. Once in Iceland, these dogs adapted to a rugged, volcanic island with a harsh climate and very limited resources.

Over centuries, natural selection and practical breeding by farmers shaped a dog that could thrive in this environment. The Icelandic Sheepdog became an indispensable farm helper, used for herding sheep, horses, and sometimes even cattle across open, rocky landscapes. Unlike some herding breeds that work with force or gripping, the Icelandic Sheepdog relied more on agility, intelligence, and persistent barking to move and control animals. Their ability to navigate steep hills, rivers, and uneven ground made them perfectly suited to Iceland’s demanding terrain.

Because Iceland was geographically isolated, the breed developed relatively free of outside influences for many generations. In addition to herding, these dogs served as watchdogs on remote farms, sounding the alarm when strangers or predators approached. They needed to be tough enough to handle sudden storms, yet friendly and trustworthy with the family and livestock they lived with every day. This combination of resilience, outgoing temperament, and keen awareness is still very much part of the breed’s character today.

The history of the Icelandic Sheepdog has not been entirely smooth. At various points, disease, harsh winters, and changes in farming practices led to a sharp decline in the population. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the breed was at real risk of disappearing. Concerned individuals in Iceland and abroad began efforts to preserve and revive the dogs that remained. Careful recording of pedigrees, selective breeding, and promotion of the breed’s unique heritage helped stabilize numbers.

Formal recognition of the Icelandic Sheepdog as a distinct breed took shape in the 20th century. National kennel clubs, and later international organizations, accepted breed standards that described the ideal Icelandic Sheepdog in terms of appearance, temperament, and working ability. As the breed gradually spread beyond Iceland, enthusiasts in other countries, particularly in Scandinavia, mainland Europe, and North America, became involved in preservation and breeding programs.

Today, the Icelandic Sheepdog is celebrated not only as a historical working dog but also as a loving companion and versatile performance dog. In Iceland, some dogs still take part in traditional herding tasks, particularly during seasonal sheep roundups. Elsewhere in the world, they often participate in herding trials, agility, rally, obedience, and various dog sports that showcase their intelligence and agility. At home, they serve as affectionate family pets, hiking partners, and enthusiastic playmates for children.

Despite being more widely known now, the Icelandic Sheepdog remains a relatively rare breed compared with many more common family dogs. Breed clubs and dedicated owners continue to work carefully to maintain genetic diversity, protect health, and preserve the distinctive traits that have defined the breed for centuries. Owning an Icelandic Sheepdog is in some ways like sharing daily life with a living piece of Nordic history, a small but sturdy reminder of the partnership between humans and dogs in some of the world’s most challenging landscapes.

Living with the Breed

Living with an Icelandic Sheepdog is both rewarding and active. This is a breed that fits best with people who enjoy including their dog in everyday life rather than treating them as a decoration or yard ornament. If you like going for walks in all kinds of weather, spending weekends outdoors, and sharing your home with a chatty, expressive companion, the Icelandic Sheepdog can be an excellent choice.

The daily commitment involves more than just a quick walk around the block. While they are not as intense as some high powered herding breeds, most Icelandic Sheepdogs need a good combination of physical exercise and mental stimulation. Typical routines might include a long morning walk, some play or training in the afternoon, and a shorter evening outing. On particularly busy days, puzzle toys, sniffing games, and brief training sessions can help bridge the gap if you cannot provide a long excursion. They adapt well to active suburban or rural homes and can live in apartments if owners are truly dedicated to meeting their exercise needs, but a secure garden or yard is certainly an advantage.

Their strong social nature means that they do not enjoy being left alone for very long periods on a regular basis. Many remain content with a few hours alone if they are properly exercised and gradually accustomed to solitude, but a lifestyle where the dog is left for full working days without company is not ideal. Dog walkers, doggy day care, or sharing responsibilities with family members can help ensure that an Icelandic Sheepdog gets enough interaction.

From a financial perspective, keeping an Icelandic Sheepdog involves typical costs for a medium sized dog. Annual expenses usually include:

• High quality food, which may range from moderate to higher cost depending on brand and feeding method
• Routine veterinary care, such as vaccinations, parasite prevention, and annual checkups
• Occasional professional grooming if you prefer help during heavy shedding periods
• Training classes, sports club fees, or activity equipment if you choose to participate in organized activities

You should also plan for occasional unexpected veterinary bills, as accidents or illnesses can occur in any breed. Pet insurance is worth considering to help manage potential large expenses.

In terms of household setup, several pieces of equipment make life with an Icelandic Sheepdog easier and more enjoyable:

• A sturdy, comfortable harness and lead for daily walks
• A secure crate or designated resting area to give the dog a safe, calm place to retreat
• Brushes and combs suitable for a double coat, as well as nail clippers or a grinder
• Interactive toys such as puzzle feeders, treat balls, and durable chew toys
• Identification tags and, where required, proper registration and microchipping

Because Icelandic Sheepdogs are naturally vocal, it helps to think about your living environment. Apartment dwellers should invest time early in teaching quiet behavior and making sure neighbors are understanding. Houses with gardens should have secure fencing, as these curious dogs can be interested in exploring beyond their boundaries if given the chance.

Families with children will generally find the breed a good fit, provided that everyone understands mutual respect. Teaching children not to pull on fur or tail and helping the dog learn gentle play manners creates a safe, positive relationship. The same applies to homes with existing pets. Gradual introductions, supervised interactions, and clear routines help ensure that the new dog settles in smoothly.

Finally, living with an Icelandic Sheepdog means embracing their personality. They will probably follow you from room to room, offer opinions in the form of barks or whines, and look at you expectantly whenever you pick up a lead or a toy. On the positive side, this creates a deep and enjoyable bond. You gain a companion who is enthusiastic about joining your adventures, alert to changes in your environment, and genuinely invested in your daily life. For people who appreciate an engaged, affectionate, and slightly talkative partner, sharing a home with an Icelandic Sheepdog can be an immensely satisfying experience that brings a little piece of Icelandic spirit into everyday living.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of an Icelandic Sheepdog around family and children?

This breed is generally cheerful, social and very people oriented. Most individuals do well with respectful children and enjoy being involved in family activities, but they can be vocal and energetic, which may feel overwhelming for very young kids. Early socialization and clear boundaries help channel their enthusiasm into polite behavior.

How much exercise does an Icelandic Sheepdog really need each day?

Despite their small to medium size, they have the energy level of a working herding dog. Expect at least 60 to 90 minutes of physical activity per day, combined with training or puzzle games to keep their mind occupied. Without enough exercise and mental work they may develop nuisance barking or restlessness.

Are Icelandic Sheepdogs very vocal, and can their barking be managed?

They are naturally alert and known for frequent barking, a trait rooted in their history as farm and herding dogs. Completely eliminating barking is unrealistic, but you can reduce it with early training, consistent cues, rewarding quiet behavior and giving them sufficient exercise. Living situations with strict noise rules may be challenging.

Do Icelandic Sheepdogs get along with other dogs and pets?

Most are friendly and sociable with other dogs, especially if raised with them from a young age. Their herding instinct can lead them to chase or gently “round up” smaller animals, so introductions should be supervised and some pets may never enjoy that behavior. Proper socialization and training help them learn when to leave other animals alone.

What are the most common health issues in Icelandic Sheepdogs?

Overall they are considered a relatively healthy, long-lived breed, but they can be prone to hip dysplasia, patellar luxation and certain eye problems. Some lines may also have hereditary conditions such as cryptorchidism or, less commonly, neurological issues. Choosing a breeder who health tests breeding dogs and shares results is important.

How much grooming does an Icelandic Sheepdog’s double coat require?

They have a thick double coat that sheds moderately most of the year and heavily during seasonal coat blows. Weekly brushing is usually enough in normal periods, but daily brushing is helpful when they are shedding heavily to remove loose undercoat. Regular nail trimming and occasional baths will keep them comfortable and clean.

Can an Icelandic Sheepdog live comfortably in a warm climate?

They were developed for cold and harsh Icelandic weather, so heat is more challenging for them than cold. In warm or humid climates they need access to shade, plenty of water, air conditioning indoors and exercise limited to cooler parts of the day. Overheating can be a risk, especially during heavy shedding periods.

Is an Icelandic Sheepdog suitable for apartment living?

Apartment life is possible if barking is well managed and their exercise needs are fully met every day. They require multiple daily outings, active play and mental enrichment, not just short potty walks. Thin walls or noise-sensitive neighbors may make their natural vocal tendencies a significant concern.

How strong is the herding instinct in Icelandic Sheepdogs and will they try to herd children?

Their herding drive is usually evident, though it often appears as circling, chasing movement and alert barking rather than biting. Some may try to herd running children or joggers, which can be annoying or scary if not addressed. Redirecting them to games like fetch, structured herding sports or obedience work helps satisfy that instinct more appropriately.

What kind of training works best for an Icelandic Sheepdog?

They are intelligent, eager to please and respond very well to positive reinforcement methods that use treats, toys and praise. Short, varied sessions help prevent boredom and channel their quick mind. Consistency around barking, jumping up and herding behaviors is important so their natural liveliness does not become a problem.

Sources

• The Icelandic Sheepdog International Cooperation
• The Icelandic Sheepdog Association of America
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)