Finnish Spitz

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• The Finnish Spitz is the national dog of Finland, originally bred to hunt birds and small game by using an expressive, musical bark.
• This breed is famous for its foxlike look, with a rich red coat, pricked ears, and a curled tail that arches over the back.
• Finnish Spitz are highly vocal and use a wide range of barks and yodels to communicate, which can be charming or challenging depending on your living situation.
• They are lively, intelligent, and affectionate companions that bond closely with their families but can be reserved with strangers.
• With proper care, Finnish Spitz are generally healthy and long lived, often reaching 13 to 15 years or more.

Appearance & Coat

The Finnish Spitz is a medium sized, lightly built dog that gives an immediate impression of agility and alertness. Many people describe them as “foxlike” at first glance, and that is no accident. Their refined wedge shaped head, pointed muzzle, small erect ears, and bright, almond shaped eyes all contribute to that foxy expression. The body is slightly longer than tall, well balanced, and cleanly muscled, giving the dog an athletic but never heavy look. Males are usually a bit larger and more substantial than females, but both should appear nimble and quick rather than bulky.

Adult Finnish Spitz typically stand around 39 to 50 cm at the shoulder, depending on gender and national standard, with a weight that usually falls in the 10 to 15 kg range. They carry their tail tightly curled over the back, covered in richly feathered fur that enhances the outline of the dog. When the dog is alert, the tail sits confidently over the back, and when relaxed it can hang more loosely, which can be a useful clue to the dog’s mood for an attentive owner.

The coat is one of the most striking features of the Finnish Spitz. It is a double coat, designed to protect the dog from harsh northern climates. The outer coat is straight, harsh, and slightly off standing, which helps shed water and snow. Beneath this lies a soft, dense undercoat that insulates the dog in both cold and heat. The hair is shorter on the head and lower legs and longer on the body, hindquarters, and tail, creating a beautiful plume effect. Males often carry a richer ruff of hair around the neck and shoulders, which can make them look particularly grand.

Color in the Finnish Spitz is typically a shade of golden red to deep reddish brown. Puppies may be more muted or even show some dark striping or sootiness that clears as they mature. Many dogs have lighter hairs on the underside, chest, and breeches, and small white markings on the toes or chest can appear, although solid rich color is usually preferred in show dogs.

Coat care is not overly complicated but does require regular attention. For most of the year, a thorough brushing once or twice a week is enough to remove dead hair, prevent tangles, and keep the coat shining. During shedding seasons, which usually occur at least once or twice a year, the undercoat can come out in large amounts. Daily brushing during these times is very helpful and will keep hair from accumulating all over your home. A slicker brush and a metal comb or undercoat rake are useful tools.

The coat of the Finnish Spitz is naturally clean and has relatively little odor. Frequent bathing is not necessary and can even strip the coat of its natural protective oils. A bath every few months, or as needed if the dog rolls in something unpleasant, is usually sufficient. Regular nail trimming, ear checks, and dental care should round out the grooming routine. With this level of care, the Finnish Spitz keeps its characteristic glow and remains comfortable in various weather conditions, whether living in a cold northern climate or a milder region.

Temperament & Personality

Living with a Finnish Spitz means sharing your home with a bright, sensitive, and lively companion. This breed is deeply people oriented with its own family and tends to form a strong bond with one main person while still being affectionate and playful with everyone in the household. In daily life, they are alert, cheerful, and often quite talkative. Many owners describe their Finnish Spitz as having a great sense of humor and a touch of independence.

One of the most defining traits of the Finnish Spitz is its vocal nature. These dogs were bred to “bark point” game, which means they would locate birds in the trees and then bark to keep the birds in place until the hunter arrived. This heritage shows up in modern dogs as a tendency to use their voice freely. They have different barks and sounds for excitement, warning, greeting, and play. In a rural or suburban setting, this can be a charming part of their character. In a densely populated apartment building, it can create tension with neighbors if not managed carefully.

With proper socialization, Finnish Spitz can be excellent family dogs. They are usually very good with respectful children and enjoy joining in games and outdoor activities. Their playful, slightly clownish side comes out strongly with kids, and they often become loyal companions who like to follow their young humans around. Because they can be sensitive, they may not thrive in households where play is very rough or noisy all the time. Teaching children to approach and handle the dog gently and kindly is important for everyone’s comfort.

Around strangers, the Finnish Spitz is typically reserved rather than outgoing. They are watchful and will usually announce the arrival of visitors, but once they understand that a guest is welcome, most will relax and may eventually seek attention. They are not usually aggressive by nature but can be cautious. Good early socialization, introducing the puppy to different people, environments, and situations, helps prevent shyness and ensures a confident adult.

With other dogs, Finnish Spitz are often friendly or at least neutral, although individual personalities vary. Many enjoy the company of another dog in the home, especially if they have been raised together. They can sometimes develop same sex tension, especially between males, so careful introductions and sensible management are important. With cats and small pets, the situation can be more complex. Because of their hunting background, they may see smaller animals as prey. Some individuals can live peacefully with cats they have grown up with, but others will always need supervision. It is wise to assume that a Finnish Spitz will never be fully trustworthy with small prey animals such as rabbits or rodents.

Common challenges with this breed often revolve around their independence, noise level, and sensitivity. They are intelligent but not blindly obedient and may question commands if training is harsh or repetitive. They can become bored if left alone for many hours without mental or physical stimulation, which can lead to barking or destructive behavior. On the other hand, when they are given companionship, gentle guidance, and interesting activities, they often shine as charming, loyal, and fun loving partners who bring a lot of personality to the home.

Training & Exercise

Training a Finnish Spitz requires a combination of patience, consistency, and a sense of humor. These dogs are quick to learn but are not usually “push button” obedient. They were developed as independent workers who needed to think for themselves in the forest, and that character has not disappeared. They respond best to positive reinforcement methods that use rewards such as treats, praise, toys, and play. Harsh corrections or heavy handed techniques tend to backfire, causing the dog to shut down or become stubborn.

Early training should focus on the basics such as sit, down, stay, recall, leash walking, and polite greetings. Because the Finnish Spitz is often very food motivated and curious, short training sessions with varied exercises usually work best. Think of training as a series of fun games rather than long drill sessions. Many owners find that using games like hide and seek, recall races, and simple trick training helps to build focus and keep the dog engaged.

One area that deserves special attention is teaching a reliable recall and managing the bark. The breed’s hunting instinct and interest in scents and movement can tempt them to roam or chase, so a solid recall is essential for safety. Start recall training early, always making “come” a positive and rewarding experience, and avoid calling the dog for things he dislikes. As for barking, total silence is not realistic or fair to expect from a Finnish Spitz. However, you can teach a “quiet” cue and reward the dog for stopping barking on request. Providing adequate exercise and mental stimulation also reduces boredom barking.

Exercise needs for the Finnish Spitz are moderate to high, depending on age and individual energy level. They are not typically extreme endurance athletes but do require regular daily activity to stay balanced and happy. A typical adult will benefit from at least one or two substantial walks per day, combined with some free running in a safe, fenced area if possible. They enjoy exploring, sniffing, and using their senses, so allowing them time to investigate their environment is important.

Many Finnish Spitz appreciate varied activities such as:

• Long forest or countryside walks where they can explore on a long line
• Play sessions involving fetch, tug, or scent games
• Light jogging with an adult dog that has fully developed joints
• Participating in dog sports like rally obedience, tracking, scent work, or even agility, as long as jumps and surfaces are safe

Mental exercise is every bit as important as physical activity. Puzzle feeders, scent trails, new training challenges, and learning tricks like spin, bow, or “take a bow” can all help tire out the mind. Bored Finnish Spitz can turn to unwanted behaviors such as obsessive barking, digging, or chewing, so investing in mental enrichment pays off quickly.

Puppies and young dogs should not be over exercised on hard surfaces, as their joints are still developing. Short, gentle walks, free play on grass, and guided experiences are more suitable during growth. As they mature, you can gradually increase distance and intensity. With the right training approach and exercise routine, the Finnish Spitz becomes a delightful, responsive partner who enjoys working with you while still keeping that spark of independence that makes the breed unique.

Health

The Finnish Spitz is generally considered a healthy and robust breed, especially when bred carefully and responsibly. However, like all breeds, they have some predispositions to certain health issues that potential owners should be aware of. Understanding these issues helps you choose a reputable breeder and care well for your dog throughout its life.

One of the conditions that can occur in the Finnish Spitz is hip dysplasia. This is a malformation of the hip joint that can range from mild to severe. It may lead to arthritis and mobility problems as the dog ages. Responsible breeders will have their breeding dogs’ hips assessed through official schemes, and only breed from individuals with acceptable scores. As an owner, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding excessive jumping in young dogs, and providing appropriate exercise can all help reduce the impact of hip dysplasia.

Patellar luxation is another condition sometimes seen in the breed. This occurs when the kneecap slips out of its normal position, which can cause lameness or an unusual skipping gait. Well planned breeding programs aim to minimize this risk by checking breeding dogs and monitoring their offspring. If a dog does develop patellar luxation, treatment can range from management with rest and weight control to surgery, depending on severity.

Some Finnish Spitz may be prone to certain autoimmune issues or skin sensitivities, although these are not extremely common. Allergies can show as itching, ear infections, or digestive upset, often triggered by environmental factors or food. Working closely with a veterinarian to identify and manage triggers can keep these problems under control. Epilepsy has been reported in the breed, as in many others, and responsible breeders will be open about any history of seizures in their lines.

Eye health is generally sound, but breeders in many countries participate in eye testing schemes that screen for hereditary problems. Regular eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist help identify issues early. In addition, regular dental care is important. Like many medium sized breeds, Finnish Spitz can accumulate tartar and may be prone to gum disease if their teeth are not maintained. Daily or at least frequent tooth brushing, along with appropriate chews, can support oral health.

Recommended health checks for breeding Finnish Spitz typically include:

• Hip evaluation through official scoring schemes
• Patella (kneecap) examination
• Eye testing by a specialist at recommended intervals

Lifespan for the Finnish Spitz is usually in the 13 to 15 year range, and many individuals remain active and lively well into their senior years. Supporting health throughout life involves a balanced diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a lean body condition. Obesity puts extra strain on joints and organs and can reduce both lifespan and quality of life.

Routine veterinary care, including annual check ups and vaccinations according to local guidelines, is very important. Senior dogs benefit from more frequent health checks, including blood tests, urine analysis, and monitoring weight and mobility. Early detection of age related changes such as kidney disease, arthritis, or thyroid issues can make a significant difference in how well these conditions are managed.

Choosing a Finnish Spitz from a breeder who follows health testing protocols and breeds with temperament and soundness in mind is one of the best ways to start on the right path. After that, day to day care, thoughtful exercise, good nutrition, and a close partnership with your veterinarian will help your Finnish Spitz enjoy a long, happy, and active life.

History & Origins

The history of the Finnish Spitz is deeply tied to the forests and lakes of Finland. For centuries, small, foxy looking spitz type dogs accompanied hunters in remote rural areas. These dogs were used primarily as hunting companions, particularly for birds such as capercaillie and black grouse, but also for small game and sometimes larger animals. In an environment where game was vital for survival, an effective hunting dog was highly valued.

The role of the dog during a hunt was quite specialized. The Finnish Spitz would move silently through the forest, using its keen hearing and sense of smell to locate birds that had settled in trees. Once it found the game, the dog would “bark point,” staying beneath or near the bird and barking rhythmically to hold the bird’s attention. This continuous barking served two purposes. It distracted and anchored the bird, making it less likely to fly away, and it guided the hunter to the right spot with sound, even when visibility was poor. This unique method of hunting shaped the breed’s strong voice, independence, and alert nature.

By the late nineteenth century, industrialization and changing lifestyles began to affect rural traditions. The old type of hunting dog started to disappear through uncontrolled crossbreeding with other dogs. Fortunately, a few enthusiasts in Finland recognized the value of these native spitz dogs and set out to preserve them. They traveled to remote regions to find typical hunting dogs that still resembled the traditional form and used them as the foundation for a dedicated breeding program.

The first breed standard for the Finnish Spitz was drawn up in Finland in the late 1800s, and the breed was officially recognized by the Finnish Kennel Club not long afterward. Over time, it became known as the national dog of Finland, a symbol of the country’s natural landscapes and hunting culture. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) later accepted the breed, and it gradually spread to other European countries, the United Kingdom, and eventually North America.

In its early years outside Finland, the breed was sometimes known by other names, such as the Finnish Barking Dog, which highlighted its distinctive working style. Today, the name Finnish Spitz is widely used and recognized. While the breed continues to be used as a hunting dog in its homeland, it has also found a place as a companion and show dog in many countries. Its attractive appearance and engaging character have drawn a dedicated but still relatively small group of admirers.

Modern Finnish Spitz retain much of their original hunting instinct and vitality. In Finland and some neighboring countries, they are still prized for their ability to hunt gamebirds and are used in competitions that test their barking skills and hunting ability. In urban and suburban settings, they may not have the chance to hunt, but they channel their energy into other activities and family life. Many owners appreciate how the breed embodies a piece of northern heritage while adapting well to modern living when their needs are understood.

Through careful breeding guided by kennel clubs and breed societies, the Finnish Spitz has been kept close to its traditional type. Enthusiasts around the world work to protect not only its appearance but also its characteristic temperament and health. Whether you meet one trotting through a city park or hear its distinctive bark echoing through a Finnish forest, the Finnish Spitz carries its long history in every step and every alert glance toward the treetops.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with a Finnish Spitz can be deeply rewarding, but it is not the right choice for everyone. Understanding what day to day life with this breed is like helps you decide whether you can meet its needs and enjoy its unique qualities.

First and foremost, prospective owners should be prepared for a vocal dog. While you can train a Finnish Spitz to be quieter and teach a “quiet” command, you will never have a completely silent companion. If you live in a noisy household with tolerant neighbors, or in a detached house where occasional bursts of barking are not a problem, this may not matter much. However, in a tightly packed apartment block with thin walls, conflict may be harder to avoid. Honest consideration of your environment and your own tolerance for noise is essential.

The Finnish Spitz thrives on companionship and involvement in family life. They do not do well if left alone for long hours day after day. A household where someone is home much of the time, or where the dog can accompany you to work in suitable settings, is ideal. If you work full time, arranging for a dog walker, doggy daycare, or help from friends and family can make a big difference. These dogs want to be included, whether that means joining you on hikes, watching you garden, or curling up nearby while you relax in the evening.

In terms of space, a large house is not strictly necessary, but secure outdoor access is a major advantage. A properly fenced garden where the dog can explore, sniff, and play safely will help keep it mentally and physically content. Because of their hunting heritage, Finnish Spitz should not be allowed to roam off leash in unfenced areas unless you have an exceptionally reliable recall and very safe surroundings. Many owners prefer to use long training lines during country walks to give the dog freedom while retaining control.

Financially, living with a Finnish Spitz involves the usual costs associated with a medium sized dog. These include:

• Quality food that matches the dog’s age, activity level, and any health needs
• Routine veterinary care such as vaccinations, parasite prevention, and annual check ups
• Occasional unexpected veterinary expenses for illness or injury
• Insurance, if available and desired, which can help manage large bills
• Equipment such as collars, harnesses, leads, toys, grooming tools, and bedding

Annual costs vary widely by country, but prospective owners should budget for ongoing food and vet bills at a minimum, with additional funds set aside for emergencies. The breed’s relatively low grooming demands can save money compared to some long coated or clipped breeds, since most owners can handle the grooming themselves with a good brush and comb.

Useful equipment for a Finnish Spitz household includes a well fitted harness for comfortable walking, especially for dogs that like to pull or investigate intensely. A sturdy, escape proof collar with identification is also important. Comfortable, washable beds or mats give the dog a place to rest in different rooms. A variety of toys, including chew toys, puzzle feeders, and soft toys for indoor play, will help keep your dog occupied. A good quality slicker brush, a metal comb, and a nail clipper or grinder are essential for grooming.

Lifestyle wise, the Finnish Spitz suits active individuals or families who enjoy spending time outdoors and appreciate a dog with a mind of its own. They rarely enjoy chaotic or highly stressful households, but they do well in homes where routines are balanced with interesting outings and mental stimulation. Owners who like training, enjoy teaching tricks, or participate in sports like scent work often find a Finnish Spitz very satisfying, since the breed enjoys tasks that engage its senses and intelligence.

In return for your commitment, the Finnish Spitz offers loyalty, entertainment, and affection. They tend to remain playful and lively well into their senior years and often become finely tuned to their owners’ emotional states. Many people who live with this breed speak of the special connection they feel, as if the dog is always watching and listening, ready to join in or comfort when needed. For those who appreciate a dog with character, history, and a proud, foxlike presence, living with a Finnish Spitz can be a true joy that lasts for many years.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of temperament does the Finnish Spitz have with families and children?

This breed is typically lively, alert and affectionate with its family, and many individuals are very good with respectful children. They can be reserved or aloof with strangers and often act as keen watchdogs. Early socialization and teaching children how to interact gently are important to prevent shyness or overexcitement.

Why is the Finnish Spitz known as a barking or "yodeling" hunting dog, and how much does it actually bark at home?

It was developed to locate game birds by barking repeatedly, which means a natural tendency to vocalize is built into the breed. Many will bark to alert at any movement or sound, so they are rarely suited to noise‑sensitive environments. Consistent training, mental stimulation and clear rules about when barking is allowed can reduce but not eliminate this trait.

How much exercise does a Finnish Spitz need each day?

Most adults need at least an hour of active exercise daily along with opportunities to run or explore in a secure area. They are energetic but not typically hyper if their mental and physical needs are met. Activities such as tracking games, hiking and training sessions help prevent boredom and nuisance barking.

Is the Finnish Spitz a good choice for apartment living?

The breed’s compact size can fit in an apartment, but its tendency to bark and its moderate to high energy can cause problems in close quarters. It is possible in a quiet, well‑insulated building with committed training and daily outdoor activity. Many do better in homes where noise is less of an issue and they have easier access to outdoor space.

How difficult is it to train a Finnish Spitz, and are they suitable for first‑time owners?

They are intelligent and quick to learn but also independent and can be stubborn, reflecting their history as self‑directed hunting dogs. Training works best with positive methods, short varied sessions and patience rather than harsh corrections. A motivated first‑time owner who is willing to invest in training classes and guidance can succeed, but this is not the easiest beginner breed.

What grooming is required for a Finnish Spitz and how much do they shed?

They have a double coat that repels dirt and usually needs only weekly brushing most of the year. Shedding increases heavily once or twice a year when the undercoat blows, and daily brushing then helps manage loose hair. Bathing is needed only occasionally, as overbathing can strip the coat’s natural oils.

Are Finnish Spitz dogs healthy and what genetic issues are most common?

Overall this is considered a relatively healthy breed with a good life expectancy, often 12 to 15 years. Known concerns include hip dysplasia, patellar luxation and some hereditary eye conditions, which responsible breeders screen for. Weight management, regular checkups and appropriate exercise help support joint and overall health.

Can a Finnish Spitz live with cats or other small pets, given its hunting background?

Many can live peacefully with cats and small animals if they are raised with them and supervised carefully, especially when young. Their hunting instincts are real, so they may chase unfamiliar pets or wildlife. Early socialization and management are key, and some individuals will never be fully trustworthy with small prey‑like animals.

How well does the Finnish Spitz handle heat and cold weather?

The dense double coat is designed for cold climates and provides excellent protection in winter as long as the dog has shelter and can come indoors. In hot or humid weather they can overheat quickly and should have shade, fresh water and limited activity during the warmest hours. Clipping the coat is not recommended, as it can damage its insulating function.

What kind of home life and daily routine suits a Finnish Spitz best?

They generally do best in an active household that enjoys regular walks, outdoor time and interactive training or games. They need close contact with their family and are not well suited to being isolated in a yard or kennel. A predictable routine with both mental and physical outlets usually brings out their cheerful, confident nature.

Sources

• The Finnish Spitz Club of Great Britain
• The Finnish Spitz Club (UK)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Denmark Kennel Club
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)