Norwegian Lundehund

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Highly flexible with at least six toes on each foot, the Norwegian Lundehund was built to climb steep cliff faces in search of puffins.
• One of the rarest dog breeds in the world, it was saved from extinction by a handful of dedicated Norwegian breeders.
• Compact and athletic, the Norwegian Lundehund is small enough for apartments, yet needs plenty of mental and physical activity.
• This breed can close its ears, bend its head backward onto its spine, and spread its front legs out to the side in a unique way.
• Cheerful, alert, and curious, the Norwegian Lundehund makes a loyal companion for active households that enjoy quirky, characterful dogs.

Appearance & Coat

The Norwegian Lundehund is a small, spitz-type dog with a lean, athletic body that reflects its original work as a cliff-climbing seabird hunter. Adult males typically stand around 35 to 38 centimeters at the shoulder, and females a little less. Weight is usually between 6 and 9 kilograms, so this is a light and nimble breed rather than a heavy one. The overall impression should be of a dog that is quick, flexible, and agile, not bulky or overly muscular.

One of the most remarkable physical features of the Norwegian Lundehund is the number of toes. Each foot has at least six toes, with fully formed pads and joints. This extra grip once allowed the dog to cling to slippery rocks and narrow ledges. The legs are straight and strong, the body slightly longer than tall, and the tail is carried curled over the back when the dog is alert, adding to its typical Nordic spitz look.

The head is relatively small and wedge-shaped with dark, expressive eyes that often give a thoughtful or slightly curious expression. The ears are triangular, of medium size, and very mobile. A special trait is that the Norwegian Lundehund can fold its ears forward or backward to protect them from dirt or cold wind, a useful adaptation on harsh coastal cliffs.

The coat is double layered. The outer coat is harsh and weather resistant, while the undercoat is soft, dense, and insulating. Hair is shorter on the head and the front of the legs, and slightly longer around the neck, back of the thighs, and tail, but this is not a long-coated breed. The texture is practical and easy to maintain rather than luxurious or flowing.

Common colors include:

• Reddish brown to fawn with black-tipped hairs and white markings
• White with reddish brown or fawn patches
• Black or gray shading can occur, often along the back or on the tail

The color can deepen and change somewhat as the dog matures, and many Norwegian Lundehunds have a warm, fox-like appearance.

Grooming needs are moderate. The coat sheds a bit year round and more heavily once or twice a year when the undercoat changes. Regular brushing, around two to three times per week, helps remove loose hair and keeps the skin healthy. During seasonal shedding, daily brushing with a slicker brush or a grooming glove will greatly reduce hair around the home. The coat does not mat easily, but the longer hair around the thighs and tail can benefit from a quick check to remove any tangles or burrs after outdoor walks.

Bathing is required only occasionally, usually when the dog gets muddy or develops a doggy smell. Use a mild dog shampoo that does not strip the natural oils from the coat. Nail trimming, ear checks, and dental care should be part of a regular routine. Pay special attention to the extra toes when clipping nails, as they have multiple claws that can grow at different angles.

With proper coat care and basic grooming, a Norwegian Lundehund stays neat, clean, and comfortable, and its natural beauty and special structure become even more apparent to anyone who meets this unique breed.

Temperament & Personality

The Norwegian Lundehund is often described as lively, curious, and slightly quirky. This is not a typical “everyone’s friend” type of dog, but rather a thoughtful and observant companion that bonds strongly with its family. Many owners compare them to cats in terms of independence and agility. They like to keep an eye on everything from a high vantage point, whether that is the back of a sofa, a windowsill, or a pile of cushions.

With their own people, Norwegian Lundehunds are usually affectionate and loyal. They enjoy close contact and often follow their favorite humans from room to room. They tend to be happiest when they can be involved in daily family life, from watching TV to gardening in the yard. At the same time, most Lundehunds do not appreciate rough handling or overly intense cuddling, especially from strangers. They prefer gentle interaction and clear boundaries.

With children, they can be playful and fun, particularly if the children are calm, respectful, and dog-savvy. This breed is small and can be overwhelmed by very noisy or pushy play. For families with younger children, supervision is important. Teach children how to interact kindly, how to let the dog retreat to a quiet spot when it wants a break, and how to use quiet voices and soft hands. In the right family, a Norwegian Lundehund often becomes a loyal little shadow that loves shared games and routines.

Around strangers, the Norwegian Lundehund is typically reserved, perhaps a little cautious. This is not usually a naturally outgoing or fearless breed in social situations. Early and ongoing socialization is very important. Calm, positive introductions to new people, places, and sounds during puppyhood help build a more confident adult. Even as adults, they generally prefer a polite greeting to loud enthusiasm. They will often observe visitors from a distance before deciding to approach.

With other dogs, they can do well if socialized early. Many Norwegian Lundehunds enjoy having another dog in the household, especially one with a similar play style. Their original hunting background means some individuals may have a strong prey drive toward small animals, especially birds or rodents. Careful introductions to cats and other small pets are essential, and many breeders advise close supervision or separate management with fragile animals.

Common challenges with the Norwegian Lundehund often revolve around their independence and alert nature. They are quick to notice any small sound and may bark to alert their family. This can become a problem in apartments or closely spaced housing if not managed with training and redirection. They can also be somewhat stubborn in training. Rather than responding to harsh corrections, they tend to shut down if they feel pressured.

Despite these quirks, the breed has many rewarding qualities. Norwegian Lundehunds are intelligent, surprisingly sensitive, and often very comical in their behavior. They love puzzle toys, games that involve climbing or balancing, and any activity that lets them use their brains and bodies together. For someone who appreciates a dog with a strong personality, clear preferences, and an inquisitive mind, the Norwegian Lundehund can be a delightful and deeply engaging companion.

Training & Exercise

Although the Norwegian Lundehund is a small breed, it has the energy and mental sharpness of a much larger working dog. Daily exercise is essential, not just to keep the body fit, but also to satisfy the mind. Without enough stimulation, these dogs can become bored, vocal, or mischievous. Regular walks, play sessions in a secure area, and mental challenges should all be part of the routine.

In terms of physical exercise, most adult Norwegian Lundehunds enjoy at least one solid walk of 45 to 60 minutes each day, plus shorter outings for toilet breaks and sniffing. They particularly enjoy varied terrain such as forest paths, rocky trails, or sandy beaches where they can climb, balance, and explore. Their original role as cliff climbers shows in how naturally they scramble over rocks or jump from one surface to another. For safety, young puppies should avoid overly strenuous jumping until their joints mature, but gentle climbing and controlled exploration are excellent for their confidence.

Free running off leash should only be allowed in very safe areas, as their hunting instincts and curiosity can tempt them to wander or chase birds. A large fenced garden, a secure dog field, or a long training line can be very useful. Many Norwegian Lundehunds love interactive games such as fetch, tug, or scent-based searching games where you hide treats or toys around the house or yard.

Training a Norwegian Lundehund calls for patience, creativity, and a sense of humor. They are intelligent and capable, but also independent and sometimes willful. They often ask “why” before they decide to cooperate. Positive reinforcement methods work best. Rewards such as small, tasty treats, enthusiastic praise, and short play sessions are usually very effective. Harsh corrections, shouting, or physical punishment can damage trust and make the dog more hesitant and suspicious.

Short training sessions tend to work better than long ones. Aim for 5 to 10 minutes at a time, several times a day, rather than one long lesson. Keep things varied. Work on basic obedience such as sit, stay, recall, and loose leash walking, but also introduce fun tricks. Norwegian Lundehunds can learn to spin, bow, weave through your legs, or even balance on low objects. These exercises build body awareness and confidence.

Many owners find that their Lundehund really comes alive in canine sports that tap into their natural strengths. Some suitable activities include:

• Agility, with low jumps and tunnels where they can show off their agility and speed
• Nose work and scent detection games that use their strong sense of smell
• Rally obedience, which combines obedience skills in a fun, flowing course
• Trick training and dog dancing, which reward creativity and precision

Because the breed can be reserved, early socialization classes are a good idea. Puppy classes that focus on calm exposure to new people, dogs, and environments can help prevent shyness or fearfulness later on. As your dog matures, continuing education with advanced obedience or hobby sports strengthens your communication and provides valuable mental exercise.

With the right blend of activity, training, and play, the Norwegian Lundehund becomes a responsive and enthusiastic partner. They thrive with owners who are willing to guide them kindly, laugh at their antics, and appreciate that training is not just about obedience, but also about building a strong, trusting relationship.

Health

The Norwegian Lundehund is a relatively rare breed, and its small genetic base means that health needs to be taken seriously. Responsible breeders work hard to screen their breeding dogs and manage health risks, but all prospective owners should understand the particular challenges of this breed.

One of the most important health concerns in the Norwegian Lundehund is a digestive condition often referred to collectively as Lundehund Syndrome. This term covers several related gastrointestinal issues that can include intestinal lymphangiectasia, protein-losing enteropathy, and other chronic gut problems. Dogs affected by these conditions may show symptoms such as:

• Chronic diarrhea or loose stools
• Vomiting
• Weight loss or failure to gain weight
• Poor coat condition
• Occasional fluid accumulation due to loss of protein

The severity can vary widely. Some dogs have mild, manageable issues for many years, while others develop more serious illness. Early detection is key. Regular veterinary checkups, monitoring of weight and appetite, and prompt attention to persistent digestive changes are essential. Many affected dogs are managed successfully with a combination of special diets, medication, and careful monitoring.

Because of the breed’s rarity and bottlenecks in its history, many Norwegian Lundehunds carry genes associated with these conditions even if they never become symptomatic. Ethical breeders cooperate with breed clubs and follow recommended breeding strategies to reduce the risk where possible. When searching for a puppy, ask the breeder what they do to monitor gut health in their lines, how they feed their dogs, and whether they keep records of digestive issues.

Other health concerns seen in the breed can include:

• Dental issues due to small jaw size, which makes regular dental care important
• Occasional joint problems, though serious orthopedic disease is not as common as in very large breeds
• Eye conditions that responsible breeders will check for depending on national guidelines

Routine health screening for breeding dogs often includes eye examinations and general veterinary checks. In some countries, there may also be specific recommendations for blood tests or monitoring related to digestive function. It is wise to choose a breeder who can show you up-to-date health results for both parents and who is open about any issues in their lines.

The typical lifespan of a Norwegian Lundehund is around 12 to 14 years, although individual dogs may live shorter or longer depending on health, diet, and overall care. A balanced, high-quality diet is particularly important for this breed. Many owners and breeders prefer easily digestible food with moderate fat levels and consistent ingredients. Sudden changes in diet are best avoided, as sensitive digestive systems may react poorly.

Preventive care makes a big difference. This includes:

• Regular vaccinations based on your veterinarian’s advice
• Yearly or twice-yearly health checks
• Dental cleaning at home, plus professional cleaning when needed
• Weight control to avoid stress on joints and internal organs
• Parasite prevention suitable for your area

Insurance is strongly recommended for Norwegian Lundehund owners, especially due to the potential cost of ongoing treatment for digestive diseases. A good insurance plan can cover diagnostics, medications, and hospital stays if they ever become necessary.

When carefully bred and well managed, many Norwegian Lundehunds are active, playful, and bright into their senior years. Awareness, regular monitoring, and a close partnership with a knowledgeable veterinarian give you the best chance of enjoying a long, healthy life with this unusual and charming breed.

History & Origins

The story of the Norwegian Lundehund is closely tied to the rugged coastal landscapes of northern Norway. The breed developed on remote islands along the Lofoten archipelago, where steep cliffs, narrow ledges, and crashing waves defined daily life. Local people needed a dog that could help them hunt puffins, known in Norwegian as “lunde,” and collect their eggs from treacherous nesting sites high on the cliffs.

The Norwegian Lundehund evolved as a specialist. Its extra toes provided extra grip on crumbly rock and slippery grass, while its remarkable flexibility allowed it to twist and turn in tight spaces. The dog had to climb up cliff faces, squeeze into narrow puffin burrows, and then back out while carrying birds in its mouth. The ability to fold its ears shut protected them from dirt and cold wind inside the tunnels.

For centuries, this little dog was part of the survival toolkit of families living on remote islands such as Værøy. The puffins and their eggs were a vital source of meat, fat, and feathers. A skilled Lundehund, capable of retrieving many birds in a day, was a valuable worker. Written records and local stories suggest that the breed has existed in some form for several hundred years, possibly long before formal dog registries appeared.

The arrival of modern hunting methods and the decline of puffin hunting reduced the need for these dogs. At the same time, diseases such as distemper, combined with isolation and limited breeding populations, brought the Norwegian Lundehund close to extinction. By the early 20th century, only a handful of dogs remained in a few remote communities. The breed might easily have vanished.

Fortunately, a few dedicated individuals recognized the importance of preserving this unique dog. In the 1930s and after the Second World War, breeders worked to gather remaining Lundehunds and rebuild the population. Despite tragic setbacks when disease struck small groups of dogs, they persisted. Careful breeding, often with only a few animals, slowly increased numbers. The breed was officially recognized in Norway in the mid 20th century and later gained international recognition through major kennel clubs and the international canine federation.

Today, the Norwegian Lundehund is no longer a working puffin hunter, as puffins are protected in many areas and modern life has changed dramatically on the Norwegian coast. Instead, the breed is cherished as a rare companion dog that carries a living link to a unique coastal culture and way of life. Small populations can now be found in several countries, often with passionate owners and breeders who cooperate internationally to protect and strengthen the breed.

The modern role of the Norwegian Lundehund includes companionship, hobby sports, and participation in dog shows. Many owners enjoy showcasing their dog’s agility and unusual anatomy in demonstrations and educational events. Although still rare, the breed has attracted a loyal following among people who appreciate its history, individuality, and ancient working heritage that remains visible in its behavior and structure.

By living with a Norwegian Lundehund today, owners help maintain a piece of Norway’s cultural and natural history, preserving a breed that came close to disappearing and that still carries the spirit of the windswept cliffs where it once worked.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your home with a Norwegian Lundehund can be an immensely rewarding experience, but it is not the right choice for everyone. Prospective owners should understand that this is a rare and somewhat demanding breed that needs time, patience, and thoughtful management.

Daily life with a Norwegian Lundehund is active and interesting. They are early to notice any change in their environment, from a car door closing outside to a bird landing in the garden. This alertness can translate into barking, particularly if the dog feels that it needs to warn you about every little thing. Teaching a quiet cue and providing enough mental and physical exercise helps keep barking at a reasonable level. In apartment living or close neighborhoods, this training is especially important.

Inside the home, Norwegian Lundehunds are often playful and entertaining. They like to explore, climb onto furniture, and sometimes squeeze into odd places such as behind cushions or under low tables. Providing safe climbing opportunities, such as sturdy dog steps or low platforms, can satisfy their natural preferences while protecting your furniture. Many owners remark on their dog’s almost cat-like ability to balance on narrow surfaces.

Because of the breed’s potential digestive sensitivities, feeding must be approached thoughtfully. A high-quality, easily digestible diet is recommended, often divided into two or three smaller meals per day rather than one large one. Sudden food changes and large amounts of rich treats are best avoided. Keep a record of what your dog eats and any digestive reactions. This is helpful information for your veterinarian if problems arise.

Financially, owning a Norwegian Lundehund may involve higher veterinary costs than some other breeds, primarily due to the possibility of gastrointestinal issues. In addition to routine vaccinations, parasite control, and annual checkups, you should be prepared for potential diagnostic tests, special diets, and medication if your dog develops digestive problems. Pet insurance is strongly advised and should be factored into your annual budget. Other regular costs include high-quality food, grooming tools, toys, training classes, and possibly dog sports or activities.

In terms of equipment, useful items for a Norwegian Lundehund include:

• A well-fitting Y-shaped harness that allows free shoulder movement
• A strong but light leash, plus a long training line for safe exploration
• Non slip beds and rugs to support confident movement indoors
• Food puzzles and treat dispensing toys for mental stimulation
• A secure crate or den-like space where the dog can rest undisturbed
• Gentle grooming tools, such as a slicker brush and a soft undercoat rake

The breed’s small size means it can live happily in a flat or small house as long as exercise and mental enrichment are provided. A secure, fenced garden is ideal, but not essential if you are committed to regular outdoor activities. They are usually not suitable as outdoor-only dogs. Norwegian Lundehunds want to be part of the family and may become anxious or destructive if left alone for long periods on a regular basis. Most do best in households where someone is home for a good part of the day or where safe dog care arrangements can be made.

Socially, this breed benefits from gentle, ongoing exposure to new situations. Regular walks in different environments, calm visits to pet-friendly shops, and controlled meetings with friendly dogs help maintain a balanced temperament. Many Norwegian Lundehunds enjoy car trips, as long as they are introduced gradually and associated with pleasant experiences.

New owners should be prepared for a learning curve. This is a breed with a very specific background, and some behaviors may not fit the expectations that people have from more common companion breeds. They are often more sensitive, more independent in their decision making, and sometimes slower to accept changes. At the same time, those who invest the time to understand and respect these traits are rewarded with a remarkable bond.

Living with a Norwegian Lundehund means living with a little piece of Norwegian history, wrapped in a compact, agile, and inquisitive body. For the right person or family, this breed offers companionship that is deeply engaging, full of character, and never dull. With thoughtful care, realistic expectations, and a willingness to embrace their uniqueness, the Norwegian Lundehund becomes not just a pet, but a true partner in everyday life.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does the Norwegian Lundehund have extra toes and such flexible joints?

The breed developed extra toes, unusually flexible shoulders, and a very bendable neck to help it climb cliffs and reach puffin nests on steep coastal rocks in Norway. These traits are normal for the breed and not a deformity, but they can affect nail care and make joint protection in everyday life important.

What is Norwegian Lundehund Syndrome and how serious is it?

Lundehund Syndrome is a chronic digestive disorder that affects the small intestine and can cause diarrhea, weight loss, vomiting, and poor nutrient absorption. It ranges from mild and manageable with diet to severe and life limiting, so prospective owners should be prepared for ongoing veterinary care and careful feeding.

Are Norwegian Lundehunds good pets for first-time dog owners?

They are small, affectionate, and generally gentle, but their independent nature and potential health issues can be challenging for beginners. A committed first-time owner who is prepared to invest time in training, socialization, and health management may do well, while someone seeking a low-effort companion might struggle.

How much exercise and mental stimulation does a Norwegian Lundehund need?

They are agile, active dogs that need at least an hour of physical activity per day, along with regular opportunities to explore and climb. Puzzle toys, scent games, and varied walks help satisfy their working background and prevent boredom-related behaviors like barking or escaping.

What is the typical temperament of a Norwegian Lundehund with family and strangers?

They are usually devoted and affectionate with their own family and can be playful and cheerful in the home. With strangers they tend to be reserved or cautious rather than outgoing, so early and positive socialization is important to prevent excessive shyness or suspicion.

How difficult is it to train a Norwegian Lundehund?

They are intelligent but can be quite independent and easily distracted, which can make training feel slow compared with more biddable breeds. Short, varied sessions, gentle methods, and high-value rewards work best, and owners should be patient and consistent rather than expecting instant obedience.

What special grooming or nail care does a Norwegian Lundehund need because of its extra toes?

The double coat is relatively easy to maintain with weekly brushing and more frequent grooming during seasonal shedding. Extra toes mean more nails that must be trimmed carefully and regularly, since overgrown nails can catch easily and put stress on their already flexible feet.

Do Norwegian Lundehunds get along well with other dogs and small pets?

They usually live peacefully with other dogs in the household, especially if raised together, but can be selective or reserved with unfamiliar dogs. Their original job involved hunting seabirds, so they may show interest in smaller pets and should be supervised and introduced carefully.

Can a Norwegian Lundehund live in an apartment, or does it need a large yard?

They can live comfortably in an apartment if they receive enough daily exercise and mental stimulation and are not left alone for long periods. A secure yard is helpful for safe off-leash play, but the key is regular activity and enrichment rather than the size of the home.

How rare is the Norwegian Lundehund and does its rarity affect finding a responsible breeder?

The breed is considered rare worldwide with a relatively small gene pool, which means waiting lists for puppies are common. Rarity makes it especially important to seek breeders who prioritize health screening, transparent discussion of Lundehund Syndrome, and responsible breeding practices over simply producing more dogs.

Sources

• Norwegian Kennel Club
• Swedish Kennel Club
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Dansk Kennel Klub