German Spitz – Mittelspitz

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Medium‑sized member of the German Spitz family, sitting neatly between the Klein (Small) and Gross (Large) Spitz varieties.
• Famous for its dense, fluffy “lion ruff” around the neck and a richly plumed tail that curls proudly over the back.
• Alert, watchful, and vocal, the German Spitz Mittelspitz is a natural little guardian that will quickly announce visitors.
• Highly people‑oriented and clever, they thrive on mental stimulation, gentle training, and close companionship with their family.
• Long‑lived and generally robust, with many Mittelspitze staying active well into their teens when properly cared for.

Appearance & Coat

The German Spitz Mittelspitz is a compact, medium‑sized dog with a distinctly square outline. When you look at one standing side on, the height at the withers is roughly equal to the length of the body, which gives an impression of balance and sturdiness rather than elegance or stretch. Most adult Mittelspitze stand around 30 to 38 centimeters at the shoulder, with a moderate build that feels solid but never heavy. They are light enough to carry if needed, yet big enough to feel like a “proper” dog.

The head is wedge‑shaped when viewed from above, with a slightly rounded skull that narrows cleanly towards the nose. The muzzle is neither too short nor too long, which helps preserve good breathing and dental health. One of the most characteristic features is the expression. Dark, almond‑shaped eyes sparkle with intelligence and curiosity, and the small, triangular ears stand pricked and mobile, always ready to pick up the slightest sound. This alert expression is often what makes people instantly fall in love with the breed.

The Mittelspitz coat is one of its greatest charms. It is a classic double coat, with a short, dense, woolly undercoat and a longer, straight, and stand‑off outer coat that gives the dog its fluffy silhouette. The coat should not lie flat but stand away from the body, creating a “halo” of fur. Around the neck and shoulders, the hair grows longer to form an impressive collar or ruff, particularly prominent in males. The tail is heavily feathered and curls high over the back, often resting to one side like a plumed flag.

Colors are varied and part of the breed’s visual appeal. You can find Mittelspitze in solid black, black and tan, brown, white, orange, sable shades, cream, and various dilute tones such as cream sable or orange sable. Some have darker shading on the muzzle and ears, while others are lighter and more uniform. This diversity means there is usually a coat color to suit most tastes, while still clearly looking like the same breed.

Coat care is not difficult, but it must be regular. The harsh outer coat resists dirt and sheds much of it when dry, so frequent baths are rarely needed. A thorough brush once or twice a week is usually enough for a pet Mittelspitz. Use a good quality pin brush and a metal comb to reach the undercoat. It is important to lift the coat in layers and gently work from the skin outward, especially around the ruff, behind the ears, under the tail, and in the feathering on the legs. These areas can tangle if neglected.

During seasonal shedding, often once or twice a year, the undercoat can come out heavily. At these times, more frequent grooming helps keep loose hair under control and prevents matting. Many owners find a slicker brush or a grooming rake useful for this phase, but these tools must be used gently to avoid scratching the skin. Trimming should be minimal. The breed standard prefers a natural outline, so keep to tidying the feet, hocks, and any stray hairs around the anus. Avoid shaving the coat, as this can damage the texture and interfere with its natural insulating properties.

With a simple routine and the right tools, even a novice owner can keep a Mittelspitz coat in beautiful condition. Regular grooming also doubles as bonding time and a chance to check the dog’s skin, ears, and overall health, which is particularly helpful in a fluffy, well‑coated breed like this.

Temperament & Personality

The German Spitz Mittelspitz is often described as a “big dog in a medium body.” They are bold without being reckless, confident without being pushy, and deeply attached to their people. This is not typically a breed that is content to sit quietly in a corner with little attention. A Mittelspitz usually wants to be involved in whatever the family is doing, whether that is cooking in the kitchen, watching television, or working in the garden.

One of their hallmark traits is alertness. Traditionally used as property watchdogs, Mittelspitze are naturally inclined to notice everything in their environment. They will quickly point out a passerby, a squirrel on the fence, or a car door closing down the street. This makes them excellent organic alarm systems. However, it also means barking can become excessive if not properly managed. Early training that teaches a reliable “quiet” cue, combined with clear routines around visitors and household noise, is essential if you live in close proximity to neighbors.

With their families, Mittelspitze are affectionate, loyal, and quite people‑focused. Many form a particularly strong bond with one person while still being friendly and affectionate with the rest of the household. They are usually happiest when they can be near their humans, and many do not enjoy long hours of isolation. For someone who works from home or can take a dog along for parts of the day, a Mittelspitz can be an excellent companion.

Around children, the breed generally does well, provided the children are taught to be respectful and gentle. A well socialized Mittelspitz is typically playful and enjoys games of fetch, hide‑and‑seek, or simple training tricks with older kids. Because they are not very large, rough handling or overly boisterous play can be overwhelming. Families with young children should always supervise interactions and ensure the dog has a safe, quiet place to retreat to if needed.

With other dogs, temperament can vary from outgoing to reserved. Many Mittelspitze are friendly and curious, especially if well socialized from puppyhood through positive encounters with different breeds and sizes. Some can be a little aloof or selective in their dog friendships, preferring familiar companions over crowded dog parks. Their heritage as watchdogs can also make them somewhat territorial at home. As a result, polite introductions and careful management around new dogs are important, especially on their own turf.

Mittelspitze can live peacefully with cats and other smaller pets if introduced carefully. Their interest is more about curiosity and movement than strong hunting drive, but caution should always be used with very small animals. Early controlled meetings, scent swapping, and teaching the dog to relax around caged or quiet pets helps prevent issues later.

Common challenges for this breed include:

• Barking in response to every noise or movement.
• Separation distress if left alone too frequently without preparation.
• Stubborn moments during training, especially if the dog finds something more interesting to do.

These are not insurmountable issues, but they do require consistent, calm handling. A Mittelspitz thrives in a home where clear boundaries are combined with kindness, mental stimulation, and plenty of human interaction. When that balance is right, you get a bright, cheerful companion that fills the home with personality and life.

Training & Exercise

The German Spitz Mittelspitz is a clever, inquisitive dog that usually loves learning when the training is engaging. They are quick to pick up patterns, which is both a blessing and a potential challenge. If they discover that barking at the door brings people running, or that ignoring a recall allows them to continue chasing a scent, they will happily repeat what works for them. For this reason, consistent and thoughtful training from the start is extremely important.

Positive reinforcement methods work best with this breed. Mittelspitze are sensitive to their owner’s mood and can shut down or become wary if handled harshly. Calm, reward‑based training with plenty of praise, small treats, or play is ideal. Keep sessions short and varied, around 5 to 10 minutes at a time, especially with young dogs. Breaking tasks into small steps and celebrating each success helps keep their enthusiasm high. Many owners find that their Mittelspitz quickly masters basic cues such as sit, down, stay, and recall, and then eagerly moves on to more advanced tricks.

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise. These dogs enjoy having a job, even if it is simply learning new tricks, participating in scent games, or helping with simple “tasks” around the house like fetching items or finding hidden toys. Puzzle toys, snuffle mats, and basic scent work can all help channel their energy in productive ways. This type of enrichment reduces boredom and can lessen problem behaviors such as nuisance barking or destructive chewing.

In terms of physical activity, the Mittelspitz is moderately active. Most adults do well with at least one to two hours of combined exercise and play spread across the day. This might include:

• A brisk 30 to 45 minute walk in the morning.
• Short training games or play sessions during the day.
• Another walk or active playtime in the evening.

While they can enjoy short bursts of running or playing with other dogs, they do not typically require the intense exercise of some working or herding breeds. They adapt reasonably well to different lifestyles, provided they get regular opportunities to move, sniff, and explore. A home with a secure garden is helpful, but not essential if you are committed to daily walks and mental activities.

Many Mittelspitze excel at dog sports. Agility is particularly popular, as their quick reflexes, light build, and eagerness to work with their handler make them natural competitors. Obedience, rally, heelwork to music, and trick training are also well suited to their capabilities. Participating in such activities not only exercises their body, it strengthens the bond between dog and owner.

Socialization should be a core part of early training. Because the breed can be naturally suspicious of strangers and protective of their home, exposing puppies to a wide range of people, dogs, sounds, and environments in a positive manner helps them grow into confident, well adjusted adults. Reward calm behavior around visitors and outdoor distractions, and always allow the dog to approach at their own pace rather than forcing interaction.

Recall, loose lead walking, and a solid “quiet” command are essential life skills for a Mittelspitz. Teaching these skills early, in low distraction environments, then gradually increasing difficulty, pays off greatly as the dog matures. With patient, consistent training and creative mental challenges, the Mittelspitz becomes a delightful companion that actively enjoys working alongside you rather than against you.

Health

The German Spitz Mittelspitz is generally regarded as a robust and long‑lived breed. Many individuals live well into their teens when provided with balanced nutrition, appropriate exercise, and regular veterinary care. However, like any purebred dog, certain health issues can occur more frequently, and responsible breeding aims to minimize these risks.

Some of the main health concerns associated with the Mittelspitz include:

• Patellar luxation
  This is a condition where the kneecap slips out of its normal groove. It can cause intermittent lameness, skipping steps, or an odd gait. In mild cases, it may cause minimal discomfort, while more severe cases can require surgery. Reputable breeders often have their breeding dogs’ knees evaluated by a veterinarian.

• Hip dysplasia
  Less common than in large breeds, but still monitored in some lines. Hip dysplasia is a malformation of the hip joint that can lead to arthritis and pain. Hip scoring or similar assessments help breeders select dogs with healthier joints.

• Eye conditions
  Some Mittelspitze can be prone to hereditary eye issues, such as cataracts or progressive retinal atrophy. These can affect vision over time. Eye examinations by a specialist are an important part of many breeding programs.

• Dental issues
  Smaller and medium breeds can be more prone to tartar buildup and dental disease. The Mittelspitz usually has a fairly healthy jaw and bite, but regular tooth brushing and dental checks are still important to prevent problems as the dog ages.

• Allergies and skin issues
  A small number of dogs may develop food or environmental allergies. These can show as itching, ear infections, or chronic skin irritation. A good quality diet, regular grooming, and timely veterinary care help manage such conditions.

Responsible breeders will use health testing and thoughtful selection to reduce these risks. Depending on the country and breeding club, recommended health tests for Mittelspitz breeding dogs can include:

• Patella examination.
• Hip evaluation where required or recommended.
• Eye examination by a veterinary ophthalmologist.

Prospective owners should feel comfortable asking breeders about the health tests performed, the results, and the general longevity in their breeding lines. Good breeders will gladly discuss the strengths and weaknesses of their dogs and provide documentation.

Routine healthcare plays a major role in keeping a Mittelspitz healthy. This includes:

• Regular vaccinations and parasite prevention.
• Weight management to keep the dog slim and fit, which protects the joints.
• Annual or biannual veterinary checkups, especially as the dog grows older.

The breed’s dense coat also needs health attention. Regular grooming not only keeps the coat attractive but allows early detection of lumps, skin infections, or parasites. Ears should be checked and kept clean, nails trimmed regularly, and anal glands monitored if the dog shows signs of discomfort.

With appropriate care, many Mittelspitze remain lively and engaged well into their senior years. It is common to see older individuals still enjoying moderate walks, games, and training, although exercise intensity should be adapted to the dog’s age and any existing health issues. Paying attention to subtle changes in mobility, appetite, or behavior helps catch problems early, when they are often easier to manage.

History & Origins

The German Spitz Mittelspitz belongs to one of the oldest dog families in central Europe. Spitz‑type dogs have accompanied humans for centuries, particularly in the regions that are now Germany and surrounding countries. Archaeological findings and historical records suggest that these pointed‑eared, curled‑tailed dogs were used as multipurpose farm and watch dogs, living close to households and working alongside people in a variety of roles.

For much of their history, these dogs were not seen as fashionable companions but as practical helpers. They guarded homesteads, barns, and smallholdings, sounding the alarm at the approach of strangers or predators. Their sharp senses, quick reactions, and bold nature made them very effective at deterring intruders, not through physical power, but by persistent barking and confident presence. They lived on farms, in small towns, and around trading areas, where their loyalty and alertness were highly valued.

Over time, regional preferences and selective breeding led to a range of sizes within the German Spitz group. The Mittelspitz developed as a medium variant, larger than the companion‑sized Kleinspitz but smaller than the more imposing Grossspitz. This middle size made the breed very versatile. They were big enough to serve as an excellent property watchdog and hardy outdoor companion, but small enough to live comfortably in closer quarters and accompany their owners easily.

During the 19th and early 20th century, the popularity of spitz‑type dogs rose and fell as different companion breeds came into fashion. In some areas, the German Spitz faced competition from imported breeds, and numbers declined. However, dedicated breeders and enthusiasts in Germany and later in other European countries worked to preserve the breed. Breed clubs were formed, standards were written, and careful records were kept to maintain the type and character of the different Spitz sizes, including the Mittelspitz.

The Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognizes the German Spitz in several size varieties, with the Mittelspitz clearly defined by its height and proportions. In some national kennel clubs, the breed may be grouped differently or under slightly different naming conventions, but the general appearance and temperament remain consistent. The Mittelspitz is now appreciated as a distinct variety within this ancient spitz family.

Today, the German Spitz Mittelspitz is no longer primarily a farm watchdog, although many still take their guarding duties very seriously at home. Instead, they are cherished as lively, intelligent companions. They take part in dog sports, live as family pets in both rural and urban settings, and appear in show rings across Europe and beyond. Despite this more modern role, much of their original character remains. The alert bark, the sharp awareness of surroundings, and the loyal, people‑oriented nature are very much intact.

In many ways, owning a Mittelspitz today offers a glimpse into the partnership humans once had with their small farm guardians. They may no longer patrol barns and yards in the same way, but they still keep a careful watch over their home, warn of anything unusual, and stay close to their human family. This blend of historical working instincts and modern adaptability is a big part of the breed’s enduring charm.

Living with the Breed

Living with a German Spitz Mittelspitz is a rewarding experience, but it also comes with responsibilities that prospective owners should understand. This is not a decorative lapdog, even though its fluffy coat might suggest otherwise. The Mittelspitz is a bright, active, and emotionally engaged dog that needs time, training, and companionship to thrive.

First, consider daily routines. A Mittelspitz does best in a home where someone is around for a good part of the day. They can manage some time alone if gradually accustomed to it through positive, structured training, but regularly leaving them alone for long working days without company or enrichment can lead to stress and unwanted behaviors. If your lifestyle involves long absences, options such as dog walkers, doggy daycare, or support from family and friends can make a big difference.

The breed adapts well to different living environments. They can live happily in apartments or houses, as long as their exercise and mental needs are met. The main limitation is noise. Because Mittelspitze are naturally vocal, teaching quiet behavior from a young age is essential in shared buildings or densely populated neighborhoods. Soundproofing measures, strategic use of curtains and rugs, and good window insulation can also help reduce the impact of barking.

Financially, owning a Mittelspitz includes the usual dog related costs. These typically include:

• Purchase price or adoption fee.
• Ongoing expenses for high quality food, treats, and supplements if needed.
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, parasite prevention, and annual checkups.
• Occasional unexpected vet bills for illness or injury.
• Grooming tools such as brushes, combs, nail clippers, and possibly occasional professional grooming.
• Training classes, dog sports fees, toys, and enrichment items.

On an annual basis, many owners will spend a moderate amount on this breed, broadly comparable to other medium dogs, although actual costs vary by country and lifestyle. Investing in pet insurance can help manage unexpected veterinary expenses.

Certain items make life with a Mittelspitz smoother and more enjoyable. Useful equipment includes:

• A well fitted harness and a sturdy lead for daily walks.
• A comfortable, washable bed in a quiet area where the dog can rest undisturbed.
• High quality brushes and a metal comb suited to double coats.
• Interactive toys, food puzzles, and safe chew items to keep their mind busy.
• A crate or playpen if you plan to use crate training as a safe resting place.

Social interaction and training are just as important as physical needs. Mittelspitze generally enjoy being part of family activities. They like to “help” with chores, follow you around the house, and take part in outings. Bringing your dog along on safe errands, visits to dog friendly places, or even just relaxed time in the garden helps them feel included.

Owners should be prepared to work patiently with their dog’s watchful nature. You will likely need to manage barking, especially at visitors, delivery people, or noises in shared hallways. Establish clear routines, such as sending the dog to a designated spot when someone comes to the door, and consistently reward calm behavior. Many owners find that setting up visual barriers, like frosted film on low windows or using baby gates, can reduce triggers.

For families, clear rules and consistency matter. Everyone in the household should handle the dog in roughly the same way, using the same cues and boundaries. Teaching children how to interact respectfully, and always supervising young kids around the dog, prevents misunderstandings. Give the Mittelspitz its own “safe zone,” such as a bed or crate, where it is never disturbed, so it can retreat if it feels overwhelmed.

If you are considering a Mittelspitz, ask yourself whether you enjoy an interactive, talkative dog that notices everything around it. If the idea of a silent, low engagement dog appeals more, this breed may not be the right match. On the other hand, if you like the thought of a loyal, clever companion that alerts you to visitors, learns tricks with ease, and wants to share everyday life by your side, the German Spitz Mittelspitz can be a wonderful choice.

With thoughtful preparation, regular training, and a commitment to meeting its mental and emotional needs, living with this breed becomes a long, enjoyable partnership that often lasts well over a decade.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a German Spitz Mittelspitz in a family home?

This breed is usually lively, alert and people focused, often forming a very close bond with its main caregiver. They are affectionate with family and can be reserved or vocal with strangers, which makes early socialization important. With children they tend to do best when kids are respectful and interactions are supervised.

How much exercise does a Mittelspitz really need each day?

Despite their moderate size, they are an active and energetic breed that usually needs at least 60 to 90 minutes of varied exercise daily. Brisk walks combined with off leash play in safe areas and short training or puzzle games help meet both physical and mental needs. Without enough activity they can become noisy or develop nuisance behaviors.

Are Mittelspitze prone to barking and how can this be managed?

They are naturally watchful and tend to bark readily at unfamiliar sounds or movement. Consistent training to teach a quiet cue, controlled exposure to normal household noises and ensuring adequate exercise can reduce excessive barking. Management such as closing blinds or using white noise may also help in busy environments.

What grooming does the Mittelspitz double coat require and how much does it shed?

Their harsh outer coat with dense undercoat sheds year round, with heavier seasonal shedding. Brushing two to three times a week is usually enough to prevent matting, with daily brushing during coat blows. They do not need trimming of the body coat, only basic hygiene tidying of feet, hocks and around the anus if necessary.

What health problems are most common in the German Spitz Mittelspitz?

The breed is generally robust but can be predisposed to patellar luxation, eye conditions such as PRA and cataracts and occasional dental crowding due to muzzle shape. Some lines may also show endocrine issues like hypothyroidism. Responsible breeders screen breeding dogs for knees, eyes and sometimes thyroid function to reduce risk.

Is a Mittelspitz a good choice for apartment living?

They can live comfortably in an apartment if their exercise needs are met and barking is carefully managed. Their small to medium size and adaptability suit indoor life, but thin walls and high foot traffic can trigger frequent alert barking. Consistent training, mental enrichment and calm routines make apartment living more successful.

How well do Mittelspitze get along with other dogs and pets?

Most are sociable with other dogs when socialized from puppyhood, though some can be somewhat bossy or reactive if allowed to practice barking at dogs. They often coexist well with cats they are raised with, but their quick, alert nature can encourage chasing of small, fast moving animals. Controlled introductions and ongoing supervision are important.

How intelligent is the Mittelspitz and how easy are they to train?

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Sources

• German Spitz Club of Great Britain
• Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• VDH - Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen (German Kennel Club)
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (DKK)