Belgian Griffon

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Charming toy companion from Brussels with a mischievous “monkey face” and big expressive eyes
• Comes in rough and smooth coat varieties, in rich shades of red, black and tan, or black
• Deeply attached to their people and often described as “little shadows” who follow you everywhere
• Surprisingly bold and watchful for such a small dog, making an alert little watchdog without much menace
• Sensitive, intelligent, and emotional in nature, they thrive with gentle training and plenty of affection

Appearance & Coat

The Belgian Griffon is a small, sturdy toy breed that often surprises people with its solid feel when picked up. Although they are small dogs, they are not fragile ornaments. An adult typically stands around 18 to 20 centimeters at the shoulder, with a compact, square body that looks well balanced rather than spindly. You should see a dog with good bone for its size, a level topline, and a proud, slightly arched neck that gives it an alert, almost important air.

The head is the hallmark of the Belgian Griffon. Many people fall in love with this breed because of its humanlike, expressive face. The head is fairly large in proportion to the body, with a short muzzle, wide forehead, and big round eyes that look straight at you. The expression should be alert, curious, and a bit impish. The ears are small and set high, usually carried semi erect or folded. The nose is short but not so extreme that it should interfere with breathing in a healthy, well bred dog.

There are two coat types in the wider Griffon family. The Belgian Griffon itself has a harsh, wiry, rough coat. It forms a distinctive beard, moustache, and eyebrows that give the face its “monkey” look. The coat on the body is dense and somewhat harsh to the touch, never silky or woolly. In contrast, the Petit Brabançon variety is smooth coated, though closely related. Many people confuse them, so when searching for a Belgian Griffon puppy it helps to be clear that you want the rough coated type.

Coat colors for the Belgian Griffon include black, black and tan, and occasionally black with some reddish shades. Rich, deep colors are preferred. Unlike some toy breeds, the Belgian Griffon should not be overly groomed into fancy styles. The natural outline of the dog is part of its charm.

Rough coated Belgian Griffons require regular coat care. To keep the harsh texture, the coat is traditionally hand stripped, which means removing dead hairs by hand or with a stripping knife rather than clipping them. Clipping is easier and many pet owners choose this method, but over time it can soften the coat and fade the color a little. If you want to maintain a traditional look you can:

• Brush thoroughly once or twice a week with a slicker brush and a metal comb
• Have the coat hand stripped every few months by a groomer experienced with wire coated terrier types
• Gently tidy the hair around the eyes and under the tail to keep the dog comfortable and clean

Smooth coated relatives shed more evenly and need only weekly brushing with a soft brush or grooming glove, along with occasional baths. For all varieties, check the ears regularly, trim nails every few weeks, and pay special attention to the facial hair to prevent food from getting stuck. A quick wash of the beard after meals keeps the dog more pleasant to live with and reduces any smell.

Even if you are not planning to show your Belgian Griffon, a consistent grooming routine will keep the coat healthy and the skin in good condition. Starting grooming from puppyhood helps the dog get used to being handled and turns maintenance into a bonding time rather than a wrestling match later on.

Temperament & Personality

The Belgian Griffon is one of those breeds that can easily convince its owners that it is more person than dog. They are intensely social, strongly people focused, and tend to form very deep bonds with their chosen humans. Many owners describe them as sensitive, almost like a small child who reads the room and reacts to the mood in the house. If you are sad, a Belgian Griffon is very likely to curl up close, watch your face, and try to comfort you.

In everyday life, this is a lively, curious little dog that wants to be involved in whatever you are doing. They are happiest when they can follow you from room to room, help you “supervise” housework, or curl up beside you while you work at a desk. They are not generally content as kennel dogs or as pets who spend long hours alone. A Belgian Griffon left alone too much can become anxious, vocal, or destructive out of frustration.

Around families and children, this breed is usually affectionate and playful, but they do best in homes where children are old enough to respect a dog’s space. Young toddlers who grab, fall on the dog, or wave toys in its face may overwhelm a sensitive Griffon. With calm, dog savvy children who understand how to handle a small dog gently, the Belgian Griffon can be delightful. They enjoy games, gentle fetch indoors, and will often invent their own silly antics just to get a laugh.

With other dogs, many Belgian Griffons are social and happy, particularly if they are raised with canine companions from an early age. However, they have quite a big personality inside a small body. Some individuals may be bossy with larger dogs, or defensive if they feel crowded. Careful introductions and early socialization are important. With cats, they can coexist peacefully, especially if introduced gradually and supervised at first. Their original background as a small ratter means they can be interested in small, fast moving pets like hamsters, so these should always be kept safely out of reach.

One of the charms of the Belgian Griffon is its alert temperament. They notice everything. A stranger at the door, a new object in the room, or an unusual sound in the garden will often attract their attention and a short burst of barking. They are too small to be guard dogs, but as watchdogs they are effective and quick to sound the alarm. With consistent training, most can learn a “quiet” command so that alert barking does not turn into constant noise.

There are some common challenges. This is a sensitive breed that does not respond well to harsh discipline or shouting. They can become nervous or withdrawn if treated roughly. They also tend to dislike feeling ignored and may develop clingy behaviors or separation anxiety if their emotional needs are not met. On the other hand, if you are looking for a deeply attached, expressive companion that truly wants to share your life, the Belgian Griffon offers a huge amount of affection in a small package.

Training & Exercise

Despite their toy size, Belgian Griffons are intelligent, quick to learn, and usually eager to please. They have the alertness and curiosity of a small terrier combined with the sensitivity of a companion dog. This combination means they respond very well to positive reinforcement methods. Rewards such as small treats, enthusiastic praise, and short play sessions are usually more effective than any form of correction.

The key to training a Belgian Griffon is to keep sessions short, varied, and fun. Long, repetitive drills can bore them. On the other hand, three or four five minute mini sessions throughout the day can achieve excellent results. They quickly learn basic cues such as sit, down, come, and stay, and many enjoy learning tricks. Simple trick training, such as spin, paw, or wave, works well for this breed because it engages their mind and gives them a chance to show off.

House training can sometimes be a bit slower with small breeds, and the Belgian Griffon is no exception. Their small bladder and sometimes sensitive nature mean that patience, routine, and consistency are essential. Frequent trips outside, especially after sleeping, playing, or eating, combined with generous praise for success, will help speed the process. Avoid punishment for accidents, as this can make a sensitive dog fearful of toileting in front of you.

In terms of exercise, the Belgian Griffon does not need marathon runs, but it is not a “purse dog” that can skip walks either. A typical adult will do well with:

• Two or three short to moderate walks per day, around 20 to 30 minutes each
• Playtime in a secure garden or indoors, such as fetch with a soft toy or gentle tug games
• Mental enrichment like food puzzles, snuffle mats, or basic search games

They are agile and often enjoy activities like indoor agility for small dogs, obedience, or rally. While they may not have the raw speed of larger breeds, their enthusiasm and desire to work closely with their person can make them fun training partners. Many Belgian Griffons also enjoy scent based games, such as finding treats hidden around a room.

It is important not to overdo exercise when your Griffon is still a puppy. Growing joints benefit from controlled, age appropriate activity rather than long hikes or lots of jumping from furniture. As adults, they are usually capable of joining you on longer walks in cool weather, but common sense should guide you. Because of their short muzzle and small size, they can be more affected by heat than some breeds. On hot days, choose early morning or evening walks and always provide access to fresh water and shade.

Socialization should be considered part of the training plan. From an early age, introduce your Belgian Griffon to different people, friendly dogs, surfaces, sounds, and environments. A well socialized Griffon is generally more confident and less likely to become fearful or vocal in unfamiliar situations. Puppy classes that use kind methods can be an excellent way to combine socialization and basic training.

With the right approach, the Belgian Griffon can become a mannerly, delightful companion who walks nicely on the lead, greets visitors calmly, and is welcome in many settings. Their eagerness to be near their people is a powerful training advantage for anyone willing to invest consistent time and gentle guidance.

Health

The Belgian Griffon is generally a robust little dog, but like all purebred breeds it can be prone to certain health issues. Responsible breeders work hard to reduce the risk of these problems through careful selection and health testing, so choosing a well bred puppy from tested parents is a crucial first step.

One common area of concern in the breed is the structure of the head and face. The Belgian Griffon has a short muzzle, and although the standard does not call for an extreme flat face, some lines can be more brachycephalic than others. Dogs with overly short muzzles and narrow nostrils may be at higher risk of breathing difficulties, especially in hot or humid weather. When choosing a puppy, look for parents that breathe quietly at rest and after moderate exercise, and avoid individuals that snore heavily or struggle in warm conditions.

Eye health is another important consideration. The large, prominent eyes that give the breed so much character can be vulnerable to injuries, ulcers, or irritation. Responsible breeders often have their dogs examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist. As an owner, you should keep an eye on any signs of redness, squinting, discharge, or your dog rubbing its face. Quick veterinary attention can prevent small problems from becoming more serious.

Like many small breeds, Belgian Griffons can be prone to:

• Patellar luxation, where the kneecap can slip out of place
• Dental issues, due to a small jaw with crowded teeth
• Early periodontal disease if teeth are not kept clean

Regular veterinary checks, including knee evaluations, are recommended, and good breeders usually select breeding stock with sound knees and good bite structure. At home, dental care is vital. Daily or near daily tooth brushing with a dog safe toothpaste can make a big difference to breath, comfort, and overall health.

Some lines may also have a risk of neurological conditions such as syringomyelia or Chiari like malformation, particularly in dogs with very domed skulls. In some countries, responsible breeders use advanced screening such as MRI scans to help reduce these conditions in breeding programs. When speaking with a breeder, do not hesitate to ask what health tests they carry out on their breeding dogs and how they interpret the results.

Routine preventive care is at least as important as breed specific screening. A healthy Belgian Griffon should receive:

• Regular vaccinations according to local veterinary guidance
• Yearly or biannual health checks to catch problems early
• Parasite prevention for worms, fleas, and ticks
• Weight monitoring, as even small amounts of extra weight can strain joints and breathing

The average lifespan of a Belgian Griffon is often around 12 to 15 years, and many live longer with good care. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight, providing moderate daily exercise, and feeding a high quality diet suited to age and activity level all contribute to a longer, healthier life.

Because of their social nature, mental health is also important. Chronic stress from long periods of isolation can manifest as digestive issues, excessive licking, or other stress related behaviors. Providing companionship, routine, and gentle handling supports not only their emotional wellbeing but their physical health as well.

Working closely with a veterinarian familiar with toy breeds, and maintaining open, honest communication with your breeder, will give you the best chance of enjoying many healthy, happy years with your Belgian Griffon.

History & Origins

The Belgian Griffon has its roots in the city streets and stables of Brussels, long before it became a cherished companion in elegant drawing rooms. In the 19th century, small rough coated terrier type dogs were kept in stables to control rats and mice. These little workers were lively, tough, and quick, valued for their ability to protect grain and keep vermin in check. Over time, these local dogs were crossed with imported toy breeds, likely including Pugs and various spaniel types.

From the Pug, the early Griffons inherited their shorter muzzle, large expressive eyes, and outgoing character. Toy spaniels probably contributed to the rich color and silkier influences in some lines. Gradually, breeders in Brussels refined these crosses into a distinct type that combined the courage and working spirit of the stable dog with the charm and companionship qualities of toy breeds. This new little dog with the monkey like face began to appear not only in stables, but also in the homes of those who admired its unique look and personality.

By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the breed had attracted the attention of nobility and the upper classes in Belgium and beyond. Belgian royal interest helped increase its popularity. Artists and writers of the time were also fascinated by the expressive faces of these small dogs, and they appeared in paintings and literature. Three related varieties emerged in Belgium: the rough coated red Brussels Griffon, the rough coated black or black and tan Belgian Griffon, and the smooth coated Petit Brabançon. Although coat and color differ between these varieties, they share a common ancestry and very similar temperament.

The Belgian Griffon was recognized by various kennel clubs and the international canine federation as a separate variety, with its own standard emphasizing the rough pigment rich coat and darker colors. Despite this recognition, the breed has never been extremely common outside its homeland. In many countries it remains relatively rare, especially compared with some other toy breeds.

Today, the original rat catching role has given way almost entirely to life as a companion. Belgian Griffons are kept as cherished pets, show dogs, and sometimes participants in small dog sports. What remains from their working past is their lively, alert nature and their surprising boldness for their size. They are still little guardians of the household, ready to sound the alarm if something unusual happens, and still full of curiosity about every corner of their environment.

Modern breeders work to preserve both the distinctive appearance and the stable, affectionate character that made the Belgian Griffon beloved in the first place. While they are no longer commonly found in stables, they have upgraded to sofas and beds, where they perform their new “job” as devoted, entertaining companions with great enthusiasm.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Belgian Griffon is a very immersive experience. This is not a dog that quietly stays in the background. Instead, you can expect a small companion that wants to be involved in almost everything you do. For many people this is exactly the appeal of the breed, but it does require a certain lifestyle and commitment.

Belgian Griffons thrive in households where someone is home for much of the day, or where the dog can accompany the owner to work. They are well suited to apartment life, as long as their exercise and mental needs are met. A couple of good walks, some playtime, and interaction with their family will usually satisfy them. They do not need a large garden, but any outdoor space should be securely fenced, since they are inquisitive and may try to explore through small gaps.

Potential owners should be prepared for:

• Regular grooming for rough coated Griffons, including brushing and professional clipping or hand stripping
• Consistent training and socialization, especially for barking control and polite greetings
• A dog that follows you from room to room and is rarely content to be completely ignored

Financially, the annual cost of living with a Belgian Griffon varies by country and lifestyle, but you can expect expenses such as a good quality diet, grooming, routine veterinary care, vaccinations, parasite treatments, and pet insurance where available. Toy breeds eat less than larger dogs, but grooming and veterinary bills can be similar. A realistic budget should also include occasional extras such as training classes, boarding or pet sitters during holidays, and replacement of toys and beds.

Useful equipment for a Belgian Griffon includes a comfortable, well fitting harness that protects the neck, especially important for small dogs with short muzzles. A lightweight lead, soft bedding, and a selection of small, safe toys are also essential. Many owners like to provide a crate or covered bed where the dog can retreat to rest, especially in busy households with children. Because their coat can pick up dirt and moisture, a few dog towels and a gentle dog shampoo are helpful items to have on hand.

Time and attention are just as important as money. A Belgian Griffon that receives daily interaction, affectionate handling, and gentle structure is usually a cheerful, entertaining roommate. Without that, they can become anxious, vocal, or clingy in ways that are harder to manage. This breed tends to bond strongly with one or two people, but can be friendly with a wider circle if well socialized.

For active older adults, singles, or families with older children who enjoy close companionship and are happy to include a dog in their daily routines, the Belgian Griffon can be an ideal choice. They love curling up on laps, riding in secure car harnesses, or simply being near while you relax at home. They are small enough to travel easily and usually adapt well to new environments when given reassurance from their trusted humans.

Before bringing a Belgian Griffon into your home, it is wise to meet several in person if possible. Talk with experienced breeders and owners about the reality of living with such a sensitive, people focused dog. If you are looking for a loyal, expressive companion who will share your sofa, listen to your stories, and greet you with genuine delight every day, and you are ready for the grooming, training, and emotional commitment that comes along with it, life with a Belgian Griffon can be richly rewarding.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a Belgian Griffon with family members and strangers?

This breed is usually very attached to its primary person, affectionate with family, and often reserved or shy with strangers. Many are sensitive and do not respond well to rough handling or chaotic environments. Early socialization helps prevent timidity and reduces the risk of nervous behaviors around unfamiliar people.

How much exercise does a Belgian Griffon really need each day?

They are small but fairly lively and do best with several short walks and play sessions totaling around 45 to 60 minutes a day. They enjoy mental stimulation such as training games more than long-distance jogging. Overexertion should be avoided, especially in hot or humid weather because of their short muzzle.

Are Belgian Griffons good apartment dogs?

They generally adapt very well to apartment living due to their size and moderate exercise needs. The bigger concern is noise, as some can be quite vocal if bored or left alone too long. Consistent training and adequate activity help prevent nuisance barking in close quarters.

How difficult is grooming for a rough-coated Belgian Griffon compared to a smooth-coated one?

Rough coats need regular brushing and occasional hand-stripping to prevent matting and keep the texture correct, which often requires a groomer familiar with the breed. Smooth coats are lower maintenance and only need weekly brushing and standard bathing. Both coat types benefit from routine face cleaning, as their short muzzle and facial folds can trap debris.

What health problems are most common in Belgian Griffons?

They are prone to several issues seen in small and brachycephalic breeds, including breathing difficulties, eye injuries, cataracts, and luxating patellas. Some lines also show syringomyelia and Chiari-like malformation, which affect the brain and spine, as well as dental crowding because of their short jaw. Responsible breeders screen for these conditions and owners should maintain regular veterinary checks.

Do Belgian Griffons usually get along with other dogs and pets?

Many are friendly with other small dogs if socialized from puppyhood, but some can be pushy or reactive with larger dogs. Their terrier background can create a strong chase instinct toward small pets like rodents. Careful introductions, supervision, and early training greatly improve cohabitation with other animals.

Are Belgian Griffons prone to separation anxiety and how can owners manage it?

They often form intense attachments and can become distressed if left alone for long periods on a regular basis. Symptoms may include vocalizing, destructive chewing, or house soiling. Gradual alone-time training, environmental enrichment, and avoiding sudden changes in routine are important, and some dogs benefit from professional behavior support.

Is a Belgian Griffon a good choice for families with young children?

This is a fragile toy breed with a sensitive temperament, so it is better suited to homes with older, gentle children who understand how to handle small dogs. Rough play or accidental drops can result in injury and may also cause the dog to become fearful. Supervision and clear rules for interaction are essential in any household with children.

What special care does the short face of the Belgian Griffon require?

Because of the brachycephalic head shape, they can overheat more easily and may snore or have noisy breathing. Owners should avoid heavy exercise in heat, maintain a healthy body weight, and monitor for signs of respiratory distress. Veterinary evaluation is important if there are frequent gagging, fainting episodes, or severe exercise intolerance.

How trainable is the Belgian Griffon and what methods work best?

They are intelligent and often eager to please but can be sensitive and easily discouraged by harsh corrections. Positive reinforcement, short training sessions, and clear consistency tend to give the best results. Many excel in activities such as obedience or agility at a low-impact level, which also provides valuable mental stimulation.

Sources

• The Kennel Club (UK)
• Svenska Kennelklubben (Swedish Kennel Club)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (Danish Kennel Club)
• Société Centrale Canine (French Kennel Club)