American Curl

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• The American Curl is instantly recognizable by its unique backward curled ears, which give it a permanently curious and alert expression.
• This breed is known as the “Peter Pan” of the cat world because many American Curls stay playful and kittenlike well into their senior years.
• American Curls come in both longhair and shorthair varieties and can be found in almost every color and pattern, from classic tabby to solid, bicolor and more unusual shades.
• Friendly and adaptable, the American Curl typically fits well into a wide range of homes, including families with children, singles, and multi‑pet households.
• Despite their elegant appearance, American Curls are generally low maintenance, with moderate grooming needs and a reputation for being sturdy, healthy cats when responsibly bred.

Appearance & Coat

The American Curl has a medium sized, balanced body that combines elegance with an athletic feel. They are neither heavy nor delicate. Most adults weigh between 2.5 and 5 kilograms, with males often slightly larger than females. The body is moderately long, with a level back and a gently rounded ribcage. When you see an American Curl in profile, nothing looks exaggerated. The legs are of medium length, in proportion to the body, with rounded paws that give a compact and tidy appearance.

The head is wedge shaped, but softened with gentle curves rather than sharp angles. The eyes are one of this breed’s most attractive features. They are large, walnut shaped rather than perfectly round, and slightly angled toward the ears. The eye color depends on the coat color, and it can range from gold and green through to blue or even odd‑eyed in some patterns such as particolors.

Of course, what truly sets the American Curl apart are the ears. Kittens are born with straight ears, and then, usually between the first few days and up to about 4 months of age, the ears begin to curl backward in a graceful arc. A show quality Curl typically has ears that curve in a smooth, firm arc of about 90 to 180 degrees, with flexible ear cartilage. The tips are rounded and should never be crushed or tightly curled. The ears are set wide apart and open, which helps give the breed its alert, cheerful expression. It is important never to force or bend an American Curl’s ears, because the cartilage is delicate and can be damaged.

The American Curl comes in two coat varieties. The shorthair has a soft, silky coat that lies close to the body and feels smooth to the touch. The longhair variety has a semi‑long coat that flows gently along the body with more feathering on the tail, breeches, and ear furnishings. Even the longhair coat usually has minimal undercoat, which keeps it from matting as easily as some other longhaired breeds.

One of the delights of this breed is the huge range of colors and patterns. You can find American Curls in:

• Solid colors such as black, white, blue, cream and red
• Classic, mackerel, spotted or ticked tabby patterns
• Bicolor and particolor combinations
• Tortoiseshell and torbie (tortoiseshell tabby) coats
• Colorpoint patterns in some lines

From a practical point of view, coat care is relatively simple. Shorthair American Curls usually benefit from a quick brush once a week to remove loose hairs and keep the coat glossy. A rubber grooming brush or a soft bristle brush works well. Longhair Curls need a bit more attention, especially around the tail and hindquarters where small tangles can develop. Two or three short grooming sessions per week with a wide‑toothed comb followed by a slicker brush are usually enough to prevent knots.

Regular grooming is more than cosmetic. It allows you to check the ears for any redness or excessive wax, look out for fleas or skin changes, and strengthen the bond between you and your cat. Since their ears are the defining feature, owners often worry about cleaning them. In fact, American Curls do not generally need extra ear care compared with other breeds. Light cleaning with a vet‑approved ear cleaner once in a while, if you see visible dirt, is usually sufficient. Always be gentle, never insert cotton buds into the ear canal, and if you notice bad odour, discharge or your cat scratching, consult a vet.

Nail trimming every couple of weeks, routine dental care, and maintaining a healthy weight will help an American Curl look as beautiful as it feels. With a sensible grooming routine, the coat remains soft, shiny and pleasant to touch without requiring a huge time commitment.

Temperament & Personality

Living with an American Curl is a little bit like sharing your home with an endlessly curious, gentle clown. This breed is known for its friendly and outgoing nature. Many Curls happily trot to the door to greet visitors, tail held high, and then proceed to inspect bags, shoes and anything new that arrives. They are people oriented cats who often follow their owners from room to room, quietly supervising daily activities.

Unlike some very vocal breeds, the American Curl tends to have a soft, quiet voice. They usually communicate through body language and gentle chirps rather than loud meows. You may notice them tilting their head and perking their curled ears when listening to you, almost as if they are trying to understand every word. Many owners describe them as “polite” cats. They enjoy attention but rarely demand it aggressively. Instead, an American Curl will often sit close by, offer a paw, or gently nudge you when it would like a stroke or a play session.

This breed is usually an excellent choice for families. American Curls are generally patient with sensible children and tend to enjoy interactive games such as chasing a wand toy, playing fetch with lightweight balls, or exploring play tunnels. They are agile and quick but not typically as wildly energetic as some of the more intense breeds. This moderate temperament makes them easier to live with in a busy household. As with any breed, children should be taught to respect the cat, handle it gently, and never pull the ears. When both sides learn good manners, strong and affectionate bonds often form.

With other pets, the American Curl is often sociable and accepting. Well socialized Curls frequently adapt well to sharing a home with other cats and sometimes even with cat‑friendly dogs. Their curious and non‑aggressive nature helps them avoid conflict, although individual personalities vary. Slow, careful introductions are still essential. Providing separate resting places, multiple litter trays and feeding stations gives everyone space and reduces stress during the adjustment period.

One of the charms of this breed is its love of play that continues long into adulthood. Many American Curls enjoy puzzle feeders, clicker training, and learning simple tricks like “sit” or “high five.” They often like to sit on elevated spots such as the back of a sofa or a sturdy cat tree, where they can watch the household. They are not usually destructive, but a bored Curl can decide that your curtains or plants are interesting targets, so mental and physical stimulation are important.

There are a few potential challenges to be aware of. An American Curl that is left alone for very long periods each day can become lonely. While they are not as intensely needy as some breeds, they thrive on company. Owners who work long hours may want to consider adopting two compatible cats together, or arranging for extra human interaction through family members, pet sitters or flexible routines. Another issue is that their easygoing nature sometimes leads people to forget that they still need proper enrichment. Treating an American Curl as purely ornamental will quickly lead to an unhappy cat.

Emotionally, this breed tends to be steady and even tempered. They adapt well to apartment living as long as there are climbing opportunities and regular play. They generally handle changes in routine better than very sensitive breeds, especially if introduced young to a variety of experiences. For someone seeking an affectionate, intelligent and playful companion without extreme demands, the American Curl often fits beautifully.

Training & Exercise

While cats are often described as independent, the American Curl tends to show a natural willingness to engage with training and structured play. This is a moderately active breed that enjoys bursts of activity followed by relaxed lounging. They are usually athletic enough to leap gracefully onto shelves and cat trees, yet most do not require the intense, high‑octane exercise schedule that some working‑type breeds need.

In a normal home, an American Curl will happily burn off energy through a mix of free play and interactive sessions with you. Aim for at least two or three focused play sessions each day, each lasting around 10 to 15 minutes. Many Curls enjoy chasing feather wands, sprinting after a laser pointer used sensibly, or batting at crinkly toys that mimic the movement of prey. Rotating toys every few days helps keep things interesting. Some owners set aside a “morning chase” and an “evening hunt” session, which taps into the cat’s natural activity peaks at dawn and dusk.

The American Curl usually responds very well to positive reinforcement training. Food treats, praise and play are powerful motivators. Basic training goals might include:

• Coming when called by name
• Using a scratching post instead of furniture
• Going calmly into a carrier
• Learning simple tricks such as “sit,” “touch,” or “spin”

Clicker training works especially well with this breed, since they tend to be curious and food motivated. Sessions should be short and fun, ending before the cat loses interest. For example, you might spend 3 to 5 minutes teaching “touch” by holding out your hand or a target stick and rewarding the cat each time its nose or paw makes contact. Over time, this training not only provides mental stimulation but also strengthens trust and communication between you and your cat.

Environmental enrichment is another key part of exercise and training for the American Curl. These cats like to climb and observe their surroundings from above. A sturdy cat tree that reaches at least waist or chest height, wall shelves designed for cats, or window perches give them safe vertical territory. You may notice your Curl choosing a favourite lookout point from which it can watch birds, people or other pets. Pairing a window perch with a bird feeder outside (while ensuring there is no risk to wildlife) can entertain them for hours.

Puzzle feeders and slow feeding toys are ideal for mental exercise. Hiding kibble or small treats inside a treat ball, cardboard egg box or commercial puzzle feeder encourages your Curl to use its brain and paws to work for food. This mimics some aspects of hunting behaviour and helps prevent boredom in indoor only cats.

Some American Curls adapt very well to harness and leash training if introduced gradually and positively from a young age. Short, supervised walks in a safe, quiet area can provide extra stimulation, although not every cat will enjoy this. Never force a cat that is fearful outdoors. Safety is crucial, so ensure the harness fits properly and that your cat is microchipped.

Litter training is usually straightforward with this breed, as most Curls are naturally clean and quick to understand where to go. Providing at least one litter box per cat, plus an extra, and keeping them clean will prevent most problems. If accidents occur, a vet check is important to rule out medical causes.

The main training challenge with the American Curl is not stubbornness but consistency from the human side. If you encourage behaviours such as playing with hands when they are kittens, they may continue this habit as adults. Set clear boundaries early. Encourage scratching on posts by placing them in prominent locations, rubbing them with a bit of catnip, and rewarding any use. If your Curl jumps on surfaces where you do not want a cat, redirect gently to an appropriate perch and reward.

Overall, the American Curl is a joy to train. Their combination of intelligence, curiosity and gentle temperament makes them ideal candidates for owners who enjoy interactive play, trick training, and building a strong, cooperative relationship with their cat.

Health

The American Curl is generally considered a healthy breed when bred responsibly, with a good average lifespan that often ranges from around 12 to 16 years, and sometimes longer. Because it is a relatively young breed and developed from a naturally occurring mutation, there are no widespread, uniquely Curl specific diseases on the scale seen in some older breeds. However, this does not mean they are free from all health concerns. Good breeding practice, regular veterinary care and appropriate lifestyle are still essential.

The defining curled ears naturally raise questions about ear health. The gene that creates the curl affects cartilage, but in well bred American Curls the ear cartilage should remain flexible and strong, not thickened or brittle. Ethical breeders select against excessive curling and any signs of ear problems. When this is done properly, the risk of serious ear deformities is greatly reduced. Owners still need to be mindful of ear care. Watch for signs such as:

• Redness or swelling of the ear flap
• Persistent scratching or head shaking
• Dark, waxy or foul‑smelling discharge
• Sensitivity when the ear is touched

If you see these signs, seek veterinary advice promptly, as they can indicate infection, mites or other issues. Routine, gentle inspection of the ears during grooming helps catch problems early.

Because American Curls may be outcrossed with other breeds or domestic cats in some registries, health risks can vary slightly depending on the lines. Standard feline concerns that any owner should be aware of include dental disease, obesity, kidney disease and heart problems that can appear in later life. Regular veterinary checks, at least once a year for adults and more often for seniors, are important to monitor these.

Although there is no single genetic test that every American Curl must have, many responsible breeders screen for general feline hereditary issues that might appear in their specific lines. For example, where there is any history of heart disease, a veterinary cardiologist may perform an echocardiogram to look for structural changes such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some breeders also use DNA tests to rule out known genetic conditions that can affect cats in general, such as certain forms of progressive retinal atrophy or blood disorders, if those conditions have appeared in related breeds.

When choosing a kitten, ask the breeder about:

• Health testing performed on the parents
• Vaccination and deworming schedules
• Any history of chronic issues in the line
• Policies regarding early spay or neuter

A reputable breeder will be open about health, provide veterinary records and be willing to discuss any potential concerns honestly.

Good day‑to‑day health care plays a huge role in the well‑being of an American Curl. Obesity is a common problem in pet cats and can lead to diabetes, joint stress and decreased quality of life. Keeping your Curl at a lean, athletic weight through measured feeding and regular play is one of the best health gifts you can offer. Feeding a balanced, high quality diet that is appropriate for the cat’s age and lifestyle, along with constant access to fresh water, supports healthy organ function.

Dental care is also important. Many cats develop plaque and tartar that can lead to gum disease if not addressed. Offering dental diets or chews recommended by your vet, and ideally encouraging gentle tooth brushing from a young age, can help maintain oral health. Regular vet dental checks can identify when a professional cleaning is needed.

Preventive care should include:

• Vaccination according to local veterinary guidelines
• Routine parasite control for fleas, ticks and worms
• Microchipping and updated contact details
• Spay or neuter unless part of a carefully managed breeding program

By combining thoughtful breeding, informed selection of a kitten or rescue, and attentive everyday care, most American Curls enjoy long, active and affectionate lives. Early detection of problems and a proactive attitude to health are the best protective tools an owner can have.

History & Origins

The American Curl is a relatively young breed with a charming, almost storybook beginning. It all started in California in the early 1980s. In 1981, a couple named Joe and Grace Ruga found a stray black longhaired female cat with unusual, backward curling ears near their home in Lakewood. They named her Shulamith. Her personality was gentle and friendly, and her striking ears attracted immediate attention.

When Shulamith later had kittens, some of them also had curled ears, which suggested that the trait was genetic rather than a one‑off deformity. This discovery sparked interest among cat enthusiasts and breeders. Over time, breeders began to selectively develop this new type while focusing on health, temperament and preserving the attractive ear shape.

Early observations indicated that the curled ear trait was caused by a dominant gene. That means a cat only needs one copy of the gene to show the curled ear phenotype. To maintain genetic diversity and avoid inbreeding, breeders outcrossed Shulamith’s descendants with carefully selected non‑pedigree domestic cats and, in some cases, recognized breeds approved by relevant cat associations. This produced healthy cats that retained the endearing curl while expanding the gene pool.

Recognition came quite quickly for such a new breed. Various cat registering bodies in North America and internationally began accepting the American Curl for registration and later for championship status through the 1980s and 1990s. One interesting detail in the breed’s development is the decision to accept virtually all coat colors and patterns, as well as both longhair and shorthair varieties. This broad acceptance helped maintain diversity and allowed the breed to flourish without being restricted to a narrow appearance.

Throughout its history, the American Curl has been bred mainly as a companion and show cat rather than a working or hunting breed. Their friendly nature and distinctive look made them popular at cat shows, where they often draw fascinated crowds. Visitors frequently ask whether the ears are painful or artificially shaped, which gives breeders the opportunity to explain that responsible breeding produces a comfortable, natural ear curl.

Outside the show hall, the American Curl’s role today is that of a family companion. They are particularly appreciated by people who want a cat with a unique appearance but a gentle and adaptable character. The breed has spread from its Californian roots to many countries around the world. While not as common as some older breeds, the American Curl has developed a loyal following among fanciers who value its mix of novelty, health and charming temperament.

Ongoing breeding efforts generally aim to protect the welfare of the ears, maintain diversity, and preserve the playful and affectionate nature that first endeared Shulamith and her descendants to their human companions. In modern homes, the American Curl is just as likely to be found curled up on a sofa, chasing toys with children or perched in a sunny window as it is to be winning ribbons at shows. Its history reflects how a single stray cat with an unusual trait can, with care and thoughtful breeding, become the foundation of a beloved new breed.

Living with the Breed

Sharing your life with an American Curl is usually a rewarding experience that combines the fun of a playful, active cat with the comfort of a calm, affectionate companion. For prospective owners, it is helpful to think through what daily life, financial commitment and home setup will look like.

In day‑to‑day living, expect your American Curl to be involved in much of what you do. Many of these cats like to “help” with computer work by sitting near the keyboard, supervise cooking from a safe perch, or follow you from room to room. They are often sociable but not overly demanding. Having time each day for play and quiet interaction is important. If your schedule is very busy, consider whether another compatible cat, a family member, or structured routine can provide enough company.

American Curls can adapt well to apartments, as long as there is enough vertical space and enrichment. Good equipment to invest in includes:

• A sturdy cat tree or climbing system with multiple levels
• At least one cosy bed in a quiet corner and another in a more social area
• A variety of toys, both interactive and solo, such as feather wands, soft balls and puzzle feeders
• Multiple scratching posts or boards, placed both near sleeping areas and along routes the cat frequently uses
• Secure window screens and, if outdoors access is possible, a safe catio or enclosed garden space

Indoor only living is usually safest for this breed, protecting them from traffic, fights, infectious disease and other outdoor risks. If you want to offer fresh air and outdoor stimulation, a secure balcony enclosure or supervised garden time on a harness are good compromises.

Financially, the initial cost of an American Curl kitten from a reputable breeder can be significant, especially for show quality or rare colors. In addition to the purchase price, budget for initial equipment, vaccinations, microchipping, neutering, and possibly pet insurance. Ongoing costs include food, litter, routine veterinary care, parasite prevention and replacement of worn toys and scratching posts. For many owners, annual costs can be roughly equivalent to those of other medium sized pedigree cats, and may include:

• Quality food and litter
• Yearly vet checkups and vaccinations
• Occasional dental cleanings
• Emergency or unexpected treatments if illness or injury occurs

Pet insurance can help spread the financial risk of major veterinary bills, but it is still wise to have some savings set aside for your cat’s needs.

From a time commitment perspective, grooming is moderate rather than heavy. Shorthair Curls take very little effort, while longhairs need a few short grooming sessions each week. Plan a regular routine for brushing, nail trimming and general checks. Many owners like to associate grooming with treats and calm talk, so the cat views it as special attention rather than a chore.

Because American Curls are generally intelligent and emotionally sensitive, they respond well to stable, respectful households. Loud, chaotic environments where animals are frequently teased or mishandled are not suitable. If you have young children, spend time teaching them how to gently stroke the cat, support the body when lifting, and especially how to leave the ears alone except for very light, kind touching. Likewise, if you have dogs, ensure they are cat friendly and introduce them slowly, using barriers like baby gates at first.

Preparing your home before the cat arrives will make the transition smoother. Set up a quiet “safe room” with everything the cat needs: litter box, food and water bowls, a bed and hiding spot, and a few toys. Allow your American Curl to explore gradually, increasing territory as confidence grows. Some cats settle in quickly, while others take a few days to fully relax in a new environment.

Mentally, living with an American Curl brings a lot of joy. They are expressive, often humorous cats who can learn routines quickly and seem to enjoy being part of family life. If you give them affection, structure and stimulation, they generally reward you with loyalty, playful antics and quiet companionship. For people who love a cat that is distinctive in appearance yet gentle and adaptable in character, the American Curl can be a deeply satisfying choice for many years.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What makes the American Curl’s ears different, and do they affect the cat’s hearing?

This breed is known for its distinctive ears that curl backward in a graceful arc. The curl is caused by a natural genetic mutation and, when responsibly bred, does not usually affect hearing. The cartilage is firm but flexible, so the ears should never be forced or flattened. Any sign of pain, stiffness, or discharge around the ears should be checked by a veterinarian.

How much grooming does an American Curl need, and are they heavy shedders?

They come in both shorthaired and semi-longhaired varieties, and neither coat type is considered high maintenance. Weekly brushing is usually enough to control shedding and prevent tangles, with slightly more frequent grooming during seasonal coat changes. Their fur tends to be silky and lies close to the body, which helps reduce matting. Regular nail trimming and ear checks should be part of the routine.

Is the American Curl a good choice for families with children or other pets?

This breed is typically gentle, sociable, and adaptable, which can work well in homes with respectful children and friendly pets. They tend to bond closely with their people and often enjoy interactive play rather than rough handling. Supervision is important so children do not pull on the unique ears. Slow, positive introductions with resident pets usually lead to good coexistence.

Do American Curls have any specific health problems linked to their curled ears?

Responsible breeders work to avoid health issues, and the ear curl itself is generally not associated with the severe cartilage problems seen in some other curled-ear species. However, as with any structural trait, poorly bred cats may have ear cartilage that is too rigid or malformed, which can lead to discomfort. Regular veterinary checks help identify any early issues with the ear structure or canal. Choosing a reputable breeder who screens their cats is important.

What is the typical personality of an American Curl, and how active are they?

They are usually described as playful, curious, and affectionate without being overly demanding. Many remain kitten-like in behavior well into adulthood and enjoy interactive toys, climbing, and puzzle feeders. They are moderately active and appreciate daily engagement rather than constant high-energy play. Their social nature means they prefer not to be left completely without stimulation for long periods.

How should I care for an American Curl’s ears on a regular basis?

The curled shape does not require special products, but it does require gentle handling. Inspect the ears weekly for redness, wax buildup, or odor, and clean only the visible outer area with a vet-approved ear cleaner if needed. Never straighten or force the ear cartilage, as this can cause pain or damage. If you notice sensitivity or changes in the curl, consult a veterinarian.

Are American Curls suitable for apartment living or small homes?

They adapt well to smaller spaces as long as they have vertical territory and mental stimulation. Cat trees, shelves, and window perches help satisfy their curiosity and climbing instinct. Regular interactive play sessions are more important than the overall size of the home. They tend to be people-oriented and thrive where they can stay near their human family.

Are American Curls hypoallergenic or better for people with allergies?

They are not considered hypoallergenic, and people with cat allergies may still react to them. Some individuals report milder symptoms due to the breed’s moderate shedding and generally clean coat, but this is very personal. Spending time with the breed before adoption is the best way to gauge your own response. Regular cleaning and grooming can help reduce allergens in the home.

What should I know about the history of the American Curl before getting one?

The breed began in California in the early 1980s from a stray longhaired black cat with naturally curled ears. Careful breeding was used to stabilize the ear trait while maintaining robust overall health and a friendly temperament. They are still considered a relatively young and somewhat rare breed. This background means it is especially important to work with breeders who prioritize genetic diversity and health testing.

How can I keep an American Curl mentally stimulated and prevent boredom?

Their playful, inquisitive nature benefits from puzzle feeders, interactive toys, and regular training sessions using positive reinforcement. Many enjoy learning simple tricks and will follow family members from room to room. Rotating toys and providing window views or safe indoor climbing options helps keep them engaged. Daily social interaction is as important as physical play for this breed.

Sources

• Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) - UK
• Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFe)
• Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) - UK
• International Cat Care
• World Cat Federation (WCF)