Bearded Collie

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• Lively Scottish herding dog known for its flowing coat, bright eyes, and joyful “Beardie bounce”
• Highly intelligent and sensitive, thrives on close companionship and positive, reward based training
• Needs substantial daily exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and well behaved
• Double coated breed that sheds year round and requires regular, thorough grooming to prevent mats
• Generally healthy and long lived for a medium sized dog, often reaching 12 to 14 years or more with good care

Appearance & Coat

The Bearded Collie is a medium sized, athletic herding dog with a distinctive, shaggy outline. Under the hair there is a surprisingly lean, muscular body that is built for stamina, agility, and working long days in the Scottish hills. Adult males commonly stand around 53 to 56 centimeters at the shoulder, with females slightly smaller, roughly 51 to 53 centimeters. Weight typically ranges from 18 to 27 kilos depending on sex, bone, and condition. The overall shape is slightly longer than tall, with a level topline and a flexible, springy gait that gives the dog a light, easy movement.

One of the first things people notice about the Bearded Collie is the expressive head. The skull is broad and flat, combined with a strong muzzle that is about the same length as the skull. The characteristic “beard” comes from the longer hair on the cheeks and underjaw, which softens the face and gives the breed its name. Eyes are large, set fairly wide apart, and should match the shade of the coat as closely as possible, which creates a harmonious and gentle expression. Ears are pendant and covered with long hair that blends into the coat on the neck.

The coat itself is a key feature. Bearded Collies have a harsh, flat, outer coat that hangs in a natural, slightly tousled way, with a softer, furry undercoat. This double coat was designed to protect them from wind, rain, and rough terrain. Colors include slate, fawn, black, blue, and shades of brown, often with white markings on the face, chest, legs, and tail tip. Many Beardies are born very dark and then “fade” or lighten as they mature, sometimes changing tone several times before their adult coat settles around three years of age. This color change can surprise new owners who expect their puppy’s shade to remain the same.

Practical coat care is essential. The Bearded Collie is not a “wash and wear” dog, especially in full coat. To keep the hair free of mats and tangles, most owners find that a thorough brushing two or three times a week works well. Start with a good quality pin brush and a metal comb. Work in layers, parting the coat to reach the undercoat, rather than just skimming the top. Pay special attention to friction areas such as behind the ears, under the collar, between the front legs, the armpits, the groin, and around the hindquarters. These areas mat fastest, especially when the coat is changing from puppy to adult.

Bathing every four to eight weeks is usually enough for a companion Bearded Collie, although active dogs who enjoy muddy walks may need more frequent rinses. Use a gentle dog shampoo and always brush the coat thoroughly before and after bathing. Regular trimming of the hair between the paw pads and shortening of the nails will help keep the dog comfortable and steady on slippery surfaces. Some pet owners prefer to keep their Beardie in a slightly shorter, practical trim to reduce grooming time, as long as the coat is kept tidy and the natural look is respected.

Because the hair can fall over the eyes, many owners tie up the front hair in a simple topknot when training, working, or doing sports to keep the dog’s vision clear. Good daily habits, such as quickly checking for burrs, twigs, or seeds after a walk, will prevent small tangles from becoming larger problems. With consistent care, the coat stays beautiful and protective and becomes a real point of pride for the owner.

Temperament & Personality

Bearded Collies are often described as cheerful, bright, and full of life. They combine the work ethic of a true shepherd’s dog with a playful, clownish streak that makes them endearing companions. At home, the Beardie tends to be affectionate and strongly people oriented. Many will follow their owners from room to room, always wanting to be involved in whatever is happening. This is not a breed that enjoys being left alone for long hours. They thrive as part of the family, where they can interact, learn, and share daily activities.

With families, Bearded Collies usually show a gentle and tolerant nature. Their natural herding instincts mean they are attentive to movement and often want to keep the group together. In homes with children, this can translate into a watchful, playful companion who joins in games and runs around the garden. Sensible children who are taught to respect the dog’s space will usually find a loyal friend who enjoys being hugged, brushed, and included in family routines. However, young Beardies can be boisterous and very bouncy, particularly during adolescence, so supervision around very small children is important to prevent accidental knocks.

Most Bearded Collies are friendly with strangers, though they may initially be reserved until they have assessed the situation. They are not typically used as guard dogs, as their social nature and curiosity usually win over any strong guarding instinct. Instead, they tend to alert their owners by barking when someone approaches or when something unusual happens, then quickly welcome guests with wagging tails and enthusiastic greetings once they feel everything is safe.

With other dogs and pets, the Beardie is usually sociable and playful, provided they have been well socialised from puppyhood. Many enjoy canine company and do well in multi dog households. Their herding background can sometimes show up as chasing or trying to control other animals, especially moving ones such as cats, chickens, or running children. Early training and careful introductions help these instincts channel into appropriate behavior. A well raised Bearded Collie can live harmoniously with other pets, including cats, although supervision and gentle guidance are needed at the start.

The Bearded Collie’s personality can include some challenges. They are clever, independent thinkers, and can have a streak of mischief. If bored, they may invent their own entertainment, which might involve digging, barking for attention, or creative theft of socks and toys. Some Beardies are sensitive to tone of voice and can shut down if training is harsh or overly strict. Others respond to excitement by becoming even more excitable, which can lead to jumping up and general over arousal. Owners who enjoy an active, interactive dog and are willing to guide that energy will find these traits manageable and even enjoyable.

Emotionally, the Beardie is a sensitive, responsive partner. They often mirror their owner’s mood, becoming calm in a peaceful home or lively when it is time for fun. Many people describe them as having a strong sense of humor and a remarkable ability to connect with human feelings. For the right owner, this combination of joy, sensitivity, and intelligence creates a truly special companion who brightens daily life with enthusiasm and warmth.

Training & Exercise

The Bearded Collie is an active, highly trainable herding breed that thrives on having both body and mind kept busy. Exercise is not just about physical movement for this dog. Mental stimulation, problem solving, and close interaction with the owner are equally important. A quick walk around the block will not be enough for most Beardies. They need a mix of longer walks, free running, and focused training sessions spread through the day.

For adult Bearded Collies, a reasonable guideline is at least one to two hours of purposeful activity every day, divided into several sessions. This can include brisk walks, off lead running in safe areas, play with other dogs, and structured games such as fetch or scent work. Many Beardies love to run, jump, and explore trails, and they often make excellent hiking companions once their bones and joints are fully developed. Puppies and adolescents, however, need more careful management. Their exercise should be frequent but moderate, focusing on short play sessions, gentle walks, and controlled training, rather than long runs or intense jumping, to protect growing joints.

In training, the Bearded Collie responds best to positive, reward based methods. Food treats, toys, praise, and play are powerful motivators. They are quick learners and often pick up basic cues such as sit, down, and recall very fast. At the same time, their intelligence means they can become bored with repetitive drills. Short, varied training sessions keep things interesting. Many owners find it helpful to mix obedience exercises with tricks, recall games, and small challenges like finding hidden treats or learning the names of different toys. This approach satisfies both the dog’s mind and their desire to collaborate.

Because some Beardies can be sensitive, it is important to avoid heavy handed corrections or shouting. A calm, consistent approach works far better. Clear rules, early socialisation, and kind guidance help the young Beardie develop into a reliable adult. Common training priorities include:

• Loose lead walking, to manage their enthusiasm and prevent pulling
• Strong recall, especially important for a fast and agile dog off lead
• Self control exercises, such as waiting at doors and settling on a mat
• Calm greeting of people to reduce jumping up and over excitement

Bearded Collies excel in many dog sports. Their agility, speed, and responsiveness make them natural candidates for agility courses, where they often shine. They also enjoy obedience, rally, herding trials, tracking, and canine freestyle. Participation in these activities gives them a sense of purpose and deepens the bond with their handler. Even if competition is not the goal, simple home versions of these sports can be very satisfying. For example, you can set up a small obstacle course in the garden, teach the dog to search for hidden toys, or practice short sequences of obedience combined with play.

Mental enrichment at home can include puzzle feeders, interactive toys, sniffing games, and learning new tricks regularly. A tired Beardie is not only physically relaxed, but also mentally content. Without this kind of enrichment, boredom may lead to unwanted behaviors such as barking, chewing, or excessive pacing.

Training and exercise are also important for emotional balance. Bearded Collies who feel successful and understood tend to be confident and resilient. Owners who invest time in daily training, even just ten to fifteen minutes at a time, will usually find that their Beardie becomes a well mannered, cooperative partner who is a pleasure to live with and take out in public.

Health

The Bearded Collie is generally regarded as a robust and healthy breed, and many individuals enjoy long, active lives well into their teens. Regular veterinary care, responsible breeding, and good daily management all contribute to this positive picture. As with any pedigree breed, there are some health concerns that owners and breeders need to be aware of, both to protect individual dogs and to maintain the overall health of the breed.

One of the better known issues in Bearded Collies is hip dysplasia, a developmental condition where the hip joint does not fit perfectly. This can lead to pain, lameness, and arthritis in later life. Responsible breeders have their breeding dogs examined by X ray and scored under official schemes, so that only dogs with acceptable results are bred. Prospective owners should ask about hip scores and choose puppies from parents with proven healthy hips. Keeping the dog lean and well muscled, avoiding excessive jumping during growth, and providing suitable exercise all help to reduce stress on the joints.

Autoimmune conditions are another area of attention in the breed. These can take various forms, such as autoimmune thyroiditis, which can lead to hypothyroidism, or immune mediated blood disorders. Symptoms can include lethargy, weight changes, skin and coat problems, or unexplained bruising and weakness. Early recognition and veterinary management are crucial, and many affected dogs can lead good quality lives with appropriate treatment. Breeders are increasingly aware of these issues and aim to avoid lines where serious autoimmune disease is known to occur.

Other possible concerns in the Bearded Collie include:

• Eye conditions such as cataracts or progressive retinal atrophy in some lines
• Elbow dysplasia, though less common than hip issues
• Allergies or skin irritations, sometimes triggered by environmental factors or diet

Responsible breeders will usually carry out a combination of health tests, which may include hip scoring, elbow evaluation, eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist, and thyroid testing. They also study pedigrees carefully to understand what has appeared in previous generations. For a puppy buyer, asking clear, polite questions about health tests, longevity in the family, and known issues is a sign of genuine interest and care.

The typical lifespan of a Bearded Collie is around 12 to 14 years, with many dogs happily reaching 15 or even 16 years when well managed. Routine healthcare plays a big role in this. Regular vaccinations as advised by your vet, parasite control, dental care, and annual health checks help catch problems early. Weight control is particularly important. A Beardie that stays slim, with a visible waist and ribs that can be felt easily under the coat, will place less strain on joints and organs.

Nutrition should be tailored to the dog’s age, activity level, and any specific health needs. A high quality, balanced diet supports growth in puppies and maintains good muscle condition in adults and seniors. Some owners choose commercial diets, while others prefer carefully planned home prepared food. The key is consistency, good quality ingredients, and monitoring the dog’s condition over time.

Owners should also be prepared for the natural changes that come with aging. Senior Bearded Collies may need gentler exercise, softer bedding, and more frequent veterinary checks. Subtle changes, such as reluctance to jump, stiffness after rest, or changes in thirst or appetite, should always be discussed with a vet. With attentive care, many Beardies remain lively, interested, and engaged well into old age, continuing to enjoy walks, play, and family life.

History & Origins

The Bearded Collie has its roots in the rugged landscapes of Scotland, where hard working shepherds needed dogs that could handle harsh weather, rough terrain, and independent work with sheep and cattle. The precise origins of the breed are not fully documented, as working dogs were traditionally bred for ability rather than appearance, but it is believed that shaggy, beard faced sheepdogs were present in Scotland for several centuries. They likely descended from a mix of native herding dogs and imported working breeds, chosen primarily for stamina, intelligence, and herding skill.

Historically, the Bearded Collie was valued as an all purpose farm and droving dog. On the hills, they were expected to gather and move flocks over large distances, often out of direct sight of the shepherd. This required a dog that could think for itself, respond to whistle or voice commands carried across the wind, and adapt quickly to changing conditions. The long, weather resistant coat protected them from rain, mist, and cold, while their energetic, agile bodies allowed them to work all day without tiring. On the lowlands, they also assisted in driving cattle to markets, showing the versatility that still characterises the breed today.

The name “Bearded Collie” comes from the hair under the chin and on the cheeks, which forms a clear beard. In different regions they were also known simply as “Beardies.” For many years the dogs remained primarily as working animals, passed between shepherds and farmers without much interest in formal pedigrees. It was not until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that dog shows and breed clubs began to shape a more standardised appearance. Even then, the Beardie stayed relatively rare and was sometimes confused with other shaggy herding breeds.

The modern development of the Bearded Collie as a recognised breed gained momentum in the mid 20th century. Dedicated enthusiasts in the United Kingdom began to collect and stabilise breeding lines, focusing on maintaining both working ability and the characteristic look of the breed. A clear breed standard was created, describing the correct size, proportions, coat, and temperament. From there, the Bearded Collie began to appear more often in the show ring and in companion homes, while some dogs continued to work livestock.

Over the following decades, Bearded Collies spread from Britain to mainland Europe, North America, and many other parts of the world. Breed clubs were founded in several countries, supporting health testing, education, and responsible breeding. Today, the Beardie is known as a versatile, lively dog that can succeed in many roles. While fewer work full time on farms compared with past centuries, some still take part in herding trials and practical farm work, proving that the instinct remains alive.

In modern life, Bearded Collies are often seen:

• In the show ring, where their flowing coats and movement attract attention
• In dog sports such as agility, obedience, rally, and tracking
• As family companions, valued for their friendly nature and sense of fun
• In various activities like therapy visits or educational programs, thanks to their social, engaging character

The breed retains much of its original spirit: an alert, enthusiastic worker who enjoys a job and cherishes partnership with its people. Understanding this background helps explain why the Bearded Collie today still needs meaningful activity, kind leadership, and plenty of interaction to feel fulfilled.

Living with the Breed

Living with a Bearded Collie is a long term, rewarding commitment that suits active, involved owners. This is not a breed for someone who prefers a very quiet or low maintenance dog. Instead, the Beardie fits best in households where there is time for daily walks, play, training, and regular grooming, and where the dog can truly be part of the family’s life.

New owners should be prepared for a lively, sometimes exuberant companion, especially during the first two or three years. Young Bearded Collies can go through energetic teenage phases where they test boundaries, forget their recall, or become easily distracted by every interesting scent or movement. Consistency and patience are important during this time. A typical day might include a morning walk or play session, some training or puzzle games during the day, and another outing or interactive play in the evening. A securely fenced garden is very helpful, though it does not replace proper walks and mental stimulation.

In the home, a Beardie will usually want to be wherever the family is. They are well suited to living indoors and can adapt to smaller homes or apartments if their exercise needs are met outdoors. However, their coats bring in dirt, leaves, and water quite easily. Owners need to accept some level of mess and plan for routine cleaning. Simple habits, such as towel drying after wet walks, keeping a mat by the door, and brushing out debris before the dog settles inside, help to keep the house tidier.

Financially, owning a Bearded Collie involves several recurring costs. These include:

• Quality food appropriate for size and activity level
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, parasite control, and annual health checks
• Pet insurance or a savings buffer for unexpected veterinary expenses
• Grooming tools and occasionally professional grooming help if needed
• Training classes, sports club fees, or daycare, depending on the owner’s lifestyle

Over the year, these can add up, especially if you participate in activities, travel with your dog, or use professional services. Planning a realistic budget before bringing a Beardie home is wise.

Practical equipment for living with a Bearded Collie might include:

• A comfortable, washable bed with good support for joints
• A secure harness and sturdy lead for walks
• Long line for safe recall training in open areas
• High quality brushes and combs suitable for long coats
• Nail clippers or a grinder, and basic grooming scissors
• Interactive toys, puzzle feeders, balls, and tug toys for enrichment
• A crate or safe area where the dog can rest undisturbed if needed

Social needs are just as important as physical care. Beardies do not usually enjoy spending long days alone. They may cope poorly if left in isolation for many hours on a regular basis. People who work full time away from home should think about options such as dog walkers, dog sitters, doggy day care, or flexible schedules. A well socialised Bearded Collie, used to various environments, can often accompany its owner on trips, visits, and outdoor activities, which benefits both dog and human.

Prospective owners should also reflect honestly on grooming commitment. Brushing several times a week and regular maintenance are not optional if you want to keep a Bearded Collie comfortable and healthy. Neglected coats can mat badly, pulling on the skin and causing discomfort or even infections. On the positive side, many owners find grooming a relaxing and bonding activity. It can become a quiet time where the dog learns to stand or lie calmly while being handled, which is also useful for veterinary visits and daily checks.

In return for this investment of time and care, the Bearded Collie offers a lot. Shared walks in all weathers, enthusiastic greetings, watchful companionship during home life, and willingness to try new activities are all part of the package. A well cared for Beardie tends to be a joyful, engaging partner who brings energy and warmth to the household. For people who value interaction, outdoor life, and the satisfaction of working closely with a clever, sensitive dog, living with a Bearded Collie can be deeply fulfilling for many years.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a Bearded Collie in a family home?

They are generally cheerful, affectionate, and energetic dogs that enjoy being involved in all family activities. Most are friendly with strangers and other dogs, though their herding background can make them a bit boisterous. Early training helps channel their enthusiasm into good manners indoors.

How much grooming does a Bearded Collie really need?

The long, shaggy coat requires thorough brushing several times a week to prevent mats, especially behind the ears, in the armpits, and on the hind legs. Many owners find that a full line‑brushing session at least twice weekly plus quick daily checks works best. Without regular grooming, the coat can quickly become tangled and uncomfortable for the dog.

Are Bearded Collies suitable for first‑time dog owners?

They can be suitable for dedicated first‑time owners who are prepared for high energy and consistent grooming. Their sensitive, people‑oriented nature responds well to positive training, but their exuberance and occasional stubbornness can overwhelm inexperienced owners who are not ready to set clear routines. Commitment to exercise, training, and coat care is essential.

How much exercise does a Bearded Collie need each day?

They are an active herding breed that typically needs at least 60 to 90 minutes of physical exercise daily, along with mental stimulation. Activities such as long walks, off‑lead running in safe areas, agility, and herding‑type games help keep them balanced. Under‑exercised individuals may become noisy, restless, or destructive.

Do Bearded Collies shed a lot with that long coat?

They shed a moderate amount throughout the year, with heavier shedding phases during seasonal coat changes. Much of the loose hair is caught in the outer coat, so regular brushing removes it before it ends up around the home. Owners should expect some hair on clothes and furniture, especially if grooming is not kept up.

What health problems are Bearded Collies prone to?

They are generally robust but have some increased risk of autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hypothyroidism, as well as hip dysplasia. Eye conditions and certain allergies may also occur. Choosing a breeder who health tests breeding dogs and keeping up with regular veterinary checks helps reduce avoidable risks.

Are Bearded Collies good with children and other pets?

They are typically friendly and playful with children, especially when raised with them, but their bouncy nature can be too much for very small kids. Some may try to herd running children or other pets by circling or nudging. Early socialization and supervision help ensure interactions stay gentle and appropriate.

Can a Bearded Collie live happily in an apartment?

Apartment living is possible for this breed only if daily exercise and mental stimulation are generous and consistent. They need multiple active outings every day and space indoors to move comfortably. Without enough activity, barking and restlessness can become problematic in close quarters.

How intelligent and trainable is a Bearded Collie?

They are intelligent, quick learners that often excel in obedience, agility, and other dog sports. At the same time, they can be independent and easily distracted, so short, varied sessions using positive reinforcement work best. Harsh methods tend to make them shut down or lose enthusiasm for training.

What is the history and original purpose of the Bearded Collie?

The breed developed in Scotland as a hardy working dog used to drive and gather sheep and cattle over rough terrain. Their weather‑resistant coat and lively, resilient nature suited long days outdoors in challenging conditions. Modern individuals often retain this strong work ethic and need for activity even in a companion role.

Sources

• The Bearded Collie Club - UK
• Svenska Bearded Collie Klubben (Sweden)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
• The Kennel Club (UK)
• German Bearded Collie Club