Dutch Shepherd (Hollandse Herder)

Table of Contents

Quick Facts

• The Dutch Shepherd, or Hollandse Herder, was originally bred in the Netherlands as a multi‑purpose farm dog that could herd, guard, and pull small carts all in one day.
• There are three coat varieties in the breed: short‑haired, long‑haired, and rough‑haired, all in a distinctive brindle pattern that helps them blend into their surroundings.
• Dutch Shepherds are highly intelligent and extremely trainable, which is why many now work in police, military, search and rescue, and sport roles around the world.
• This breed has a strong work ethic and high energy level, making it best suited to active owners who enjoy outdoor activities and regular training.
• When well bred and properly socialized, the Dutch Shepherd is loyal, affectionate, and protective, often forming an especially close bond with one main person while remaining devoted to the entire family.

Appearance & Coat

The Dutch Shepherd is a medium‑sized, athletic dog with a balanced, powerful outline. Males typically stand around 57 to 62 centimeters at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller, usually between 55 and 60 centimeters. Weight often ranges from about 20 to 32 kilograms, depending on sex, build, and coat type. The ideal Hollandse Herder looks neither heavy nor fragile. Instead, the impression should be of a dog that could work all day in the fields, with enough strength to herd cattle and enough agility to turn on a dime.

The head is clean and wedge‑shaped, with a flat skull and a fairly long muzzle. Ears are of medium size, carried erect and alert, giving the dog an intelligent, attentive expression. Dark, almond‑shaped eyes contribute to that keen and willing look for which the breed is known. The body is slightly longer than tall, with a firm back, deep chest, and well sprung ribs. This body type allows for an efficient, ground covering trot that a working Dutch Shepherd can keep up for hours without tiring too quickly.

One of the most striking features of the Dutch Shepherd is its coat. All three varieties share a very important characteristic: the brindle pattern. This means the coat has dark striping over a lighter background. The base color can be golden brindle or silver brindle. Golden brindle ranges from a warm yellow to a rich chestnut, while silver brindle shows a more grayish background. In both cases, the tiger like striping should always be clearly visible, never washed out or so dark that it disappears.

The three coat types are:

• Short‑haired: The most common variety. The coat lies flat and close to the body, feeling firm but not harsh. It is easy to maintain with weekly brushing to remove dead hair and dust.
• Long‑haired: The hair is straight, long, and harsh in texture, with a fuller neck ruff, feathering on the legs, and a plumed tail. The face, ears, and lower legs remain shorter coated.
• Rough‑haired: This variety has a dense, harsh, and tousled coat with a woolly undercoat. The hair length is moderate rather than truly long, but gives a shaggy appearance, especially on the muzzle, eyebrows, and legs.

Coat care varies with each type, although all Dutch Shepherds shed to some degree. Short‑haired dogs usually only need a thorough brush once or twice a week, with a rubber curry brush or grooming glove to pull out loose undercoat. During seasonal shedding in spring and autumn, more frequent brushing helps control hair around the house. Long‑haired dogs require more commitment. They should be brushed at least two or three times per week, and daily during heavy shedding, in order to prevent tangles behind the ears, in the feathering on the back of the legs, and in the tail. A good pin brush and a wide tooth comb are often sufficient if you are consistent.

The rough‑haired Dutch Shepherd has its own grooming rhythm. The coat should be brushed weekly to remove debris and prevent compacted undercoat against the skin. In many cases, a professional groomer experienced with hand stripping can tidy the coat once or twice a year by removing dead hairs. This helps maintain the coat’s texture and protectiveness. Clipping is sometimes done for convenience, but it can soften the coat and may reduce weather resistance.

Regardless of coat type, a Dutch Shepherd should not be bathed excessively. Too much shampoo can strip natural oils and reduce the coat’s ability to repel water and dirt. For most active family or working dogs, a bath every few months, or when the dog is particularly dirty, is enough. Regular ear checks, nail trims, and dental care complete the grooming routine. When properly cared for, the Dutch Shepherd’s coat is highly practical. It protects from wind and rain, dries relatively quickly after a wet walk, and allows the dog to work comfortably in changing weather conditions.

Temperament & Personality

The Dutch Shepherd is known for being alert, intelligent, and deeply loyal. In many ways, this breed still reflects its farm dog roots. Traditionally, a Hollandse Herder had to make decisions, keep an eye on livestock, alert the farmer to any intruders, and adapt to whatever the day brought. That history created a dog that is both independent in thought and very focused on its human partner. Today, in a family setting, that same mindset appears as attentiveness and a strong desire to be involved in everything you do.

Around their family, most Dutch Shepherds are affectionate, playful, and devoted. They often choose one person as their favorite, but they usually share their affection generously with other family members as well. Many owners describe their Dutch Shepherd as a “shadow dog” that quietly follows them from room to room and keeps track of everyone, especially children. They are usually patient with children when properly socialized and supervised. Their natural herding instinct sometimes shows up as gentle nudging or circling behavior when kids run around the yard. It is important to guide this instinct early so it does not become pushy or overwhelming.

With strangers, Dutch Shepherds tend to be reserved rather than openly friendly. This is not a naturally “everybody is my best friend” breed. Instead, they often watch new people carefully, then warm up once they understand there is no threat. This natural wariness is part of what makes them excellent watchdogs. A well bred and correctly socialized Hollandse Herder should show self confidence, not nervousness or aggression. They usually alert with a bark and remain on guard, but they should be stable enough to relax when their owner welcomes a visitor.

With other dogs, behavior can vary depending on genetics, early experiences, and how the dog is raised. Many Dutch Shepherds live happily with other dogs, especially if introduced from a young age. They often enjoy active, confident companions rather than overly timid ones. However, because the breed is strong minded and can be quite intense, some individuals may show same sex rivalry or be selective about which dogs they like. Careful socialization, controlled introductions, and ongoing training help keep interactions positive. If you already own another dog, especially of the same sex and similar size, it is wise to work with a reputable breeder who can help choose a compatible puppy.

Around smaller pets, such as cats, rabbits, or chickens, the Dutch Shepherd’s natural herding and chase instincts need to be managed. Many can learn to live peacefully with a household cat if raised together and taught clear boundaries. However, some will always feel a strong urge to chase fast moving animals outdoors. Secure fencing and supervision are essential if you have small animals on your property.

Mentally, the Dutch Shepherd is busy. This is a dog that loves to work, think, and learn. Without enough mental and physical stimulation, boredom can lead to unwanted behaviors such as chewing, digging, barking, or trying to create their own “job” by herding family members or guarding random objects. They are sensitive to their owner’s mood and communication. Harsh handling or unpredictable behavior from humans can easily damage their trust. On the other hand, a fair, consistent, and kind approach builds a very close bond. Many owners describe their Dutch Shepherd as serious when it is time to work, but clownish and fun loving at home.

The breed’s protective instincts are usually strong. Dutch Shepherds want to keep their family and territory safe. This makes early, positive socialization vital. Puppies should be exposed to many types of people, animals, sounds, and environments in a calm and controlled way. Doing so helps create a confident adult who can distinguish between real threats and everyday life. When that balance is achieved, the Hollandse Herder becomes a reliable guardian and a loving, stable companion who fits well into an active household.

Training & Exercise

Living with a Dutch Shepherd means embracing an active lifestyle. This breed is not only physically energetic but also mentally sharp, which creates a powerful combination. A quick walk around the block is usually not enough. Instead, the Hollandse Herder thrives when given a clear job, varied activities, and regular training sessions that challenge both body and mind.

From the earliest weeks, consistent training is essential. Dutch Shepherds are fast learners. They often understand new commands after only a few repetitions, especially if the training is fun and rewarding. Positive reinforcement methods work best, with treats, toys, and praise used to mark desired behaviors. Because the breed is sensitive and forms strong emotional bonds, harsh corrections or unpredictable punishment can backfire. A dog that feels unfairly treated might shut down, lose confidence, or begin to resist training. Clear rules, calm leadership, and patience achieve better results and build long term trust.

Puppy training should focus on the basics, such as sit, down, stay, recall, and loose lead walking. Equally important are life skills, including relaxing quietly in the house, being handled for grooming and vet visits, and meeting new people and dogs in a controlled way. A well run puppy class can be very helpful, not only for learning obedience but also for building good social skills. Because Dutch Shepherds are quick to notice patterns, try to avoid letting your puppy rehearse behaviors you do not want later, such as jumping on guests or barking for attention.

As the dog matures, training can and should progress. Dutch Shepherds excel in many dog sports and working roles. Some of the activities they often enjoy include:

• Obedience and rally obedience
• Agility and hoopers
• Tracking and nose work
• Herding trials
• Protection sports with experienced, ethical trainers
• Search and rescue training

In all these disciplines, the breed’s combination of speed, athleticism, and focus really shines. For a pet home, you do not need to compete in sports, but borrowing elements from them can provide structured outlets. For example, you might create simple agility obstacles in the garden, play scent games by hiding treats or toys, or practice obedience routines during your walks.

Daily exercise needs are significant. A fit adult Dutch Shepherd typically does best with at least one to two hours of meaningful physical activity spread throughout the day. This might include brisk walks, off lead running in safe areas, ball games, hiking, or running alongside a bicycle once the dog is fully grown and the joints are mature. Puppies and adolescents should have their exercise carefully managed to protect growing bones. Many short, gentle play and training sessions are safer than long, high impact workouts.

Mental exercise is just as important as physical. Ten minutes of concentrated nose work or problem solving can tire a Dutch Shepherd more effectively than a half hour of aimless running. Puzzle feeders, food dispensing toys, and scatter feeding in the garden turn mealtimes into enrichment sessions. Teaching new tricks or practicing advanced obedience on a daily basis gives the dog a sense of purpose and helps maintain a calm, stable temperament.

Because of their intelligence, Dutch Shepherds sometimes try to test boundaries, especially during adolescence. They might ignore a recall they previously obeyed perfectly or try to take control of situations. This is normal in such a bright working breed. The key is consistency. Do not give a command if you cannot follow through, and avoid negotiating with the dog. Instead, reward compliance generously and calmly guide the dog back to the correct behavior when mistakes happen. If you feel overwhelmed, working with a trainer who has real experience with herding or working breeds can be very beneficial.

Finally, it is important to remember that not every Dutch Shepherd needs to be a top sport or working dog. Many are happy as active family companions. What they do need, however, is a sense of structure, regular activity, and ongoing training throughout their life. When these needs are met, the breed’s intelligence and willingness become a joy to live with, rather than a challenge.

Health

The Dutch Shepherd is generally considered a robust and healthy breed, especially compared to some more heavily commercialized breeds. Historically, the Hollandse Herder was bred for function and durability rather than extreme appearance, which helped maintain sound structure and good overall health. However, like all breeds, there are certain health issues that prospective owners and breeders should be aware of.

One of the main structural concerns is hip dysplasia, a developmental condition where the hip joint does not fit together as smoothly as it should. Over time, this can lead to arthritis and discomfort, especially in active dogs. Responsible breeders routinely screen their breeding dogs using official hip evaluations. When you are choosing a puppy, it is wise to ask for proof of hip scores for both parents. Providing a puppy with appropriate exercise, a balanced diet, and keeping them at a healthy weight during growth and adulthood further reduces the risk of problems.

Elbow dysplasia can also occur, although it seems to be less common than hip issues in the breed. Again, careful breeding and maintaining a sensible body condition help. Some lines of Dutch Shepherds may be prone to spinal or joint injuries if they regularly engage in very high impact sports without proper conditioning or warm up. Owners who wish to pursue intense athletic activities should gradually build up their dog’s fitness and seek advice from sport experienced trainers or canine physiotherapists.

In terms of eye health, some Dutch Shepherds have been diagnosed with hereditary eye diseases, including progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cataracts. Ethical breeders usually have their dogs examined by certified veterinary ophthalmologists on a regular basis, and in some countries genetic tests are available for particular conditions. Asking about eye examinations and test results is an important step when selecting a breeder.

Epilepsy has been reported in the breed. Although it is not extremely widespread, it is serious when present. Because of this, many breed clubs and responsible breeders carefully track any cases in their lines and avoid breeding animals that have seizures or produce affected offspring. If you are considering a puppy, open, transparent discussion about health history in the pedigree is crucial. A breeder who answers questions honestly and does not dismiss concerns is a good sign.

Another area to watch in modern Dutch Shepherds, especially those used in demanding working roles, is overall temperament and nerve strength. While not a “health issue” in the traditional sense, unstable nerves and extreme reactivity can severely affect a dog’s well being. Good breeders focus not only on physical tests but also on breeding dogs that are clear headed, stable, and recover quickly from stress. This directly contributes to a dog that can cope with everyday life in a family environment.

Routine veterinary care remains important for every Dutch Shepherd, whether working or companion. Core vaccinations, regular worming based on your vet’s advice, and protection against fleas and ticks are all standard. Annual or biannual health checks allow your vet to monitor weight, heart, teeth, and any developing issues. Dental care, such as daily or frequent teeth brushing, reduces the risk of gum disease, which can affect overall health and comfort.

The average lifespan of a Dutch Shepherd typically ranges between 11 and 14 years, with some individuals living even longer when well cared for. Keeping your dog lean, fit, and mentally engaged can improve both quality and length of life. Joint supplements, if recommended by your vet, may support older dogs, especially those with a long working or sporting career behind them.

For breeders, recommended health tests often include:

• Hip and elbow evaluations
• Eye examinations by a specialist
• Available DNA tests relevant to specific lines or regions

Some national clubs or kennel clubs may have additional recommendations or breeding schemes, and responsible breeders will usually follow or exceed these standards. For puppy buyers, choosing a breeder who participates in official health programs and who is open about the strengths and weaknesses in their lines is one of the most powerful ways to support the long term health of the Dutch Shepherd as a whole.

History & Origins

The Dutch Shepherd originated in the Netherlands, where its ancestors worked closely with farmers across the flat, often windswept landscape. In the 19th century and earlier, Dutch farms relied heavily on versatile dogs that could perform many tasks. These farm dogs were expected to move sheep along roads and between fields, keep cows away from crops, guard the farmhouse and yard, and sometimes pull small carts loaded with milk or goods. The Hollandse Herder developed as one of these all purpose working dogs, shaped by function rather than fashion.

At that time, the Dutch Shepherd was not sharply distinguished from similar herding dogs in neighboring regions. It shared traits with the Belgian Shepherd varieties and other local sheepdogs. Gradually, Dutch fanciers and farmers began to identify their own national breed. The brindle coat became one of the key visual markers of the Dutch Shepherd. Breeders chose to fix this pattern, which may have helped the dogs blend into the Dutch countryside and provided a clear difference from the often solid colored Belgian Shepherds.

The first official breed standard for the Dutch Shepherd was written in the late 19th century. In 1898, the Dutch breed club was founded to promote and protect the Hollandse Herder. At that stage, the dogs were still primarily used for herding and farm work. However, as the 20th century progressed, agriculture changed. The need for traditional herding dogs decreased, and many old farm breeds faced the risk of extinction. The Dutch Shepherd was no exception.

Fortunately, the breed adapted. People realized that the same qualities that made the Dutch Shepherd an excellent farm helper, such as intelligence, courage, and loyalty, also made it suitable for new roles. During the 20th century, Dutch Shepherds began to be used by the police and military in the Netherlands and other countries. Their ability to learn complex tasks, combined with a strong work ethic and natural territorial instinct, made them well suited for service work, protection, and later also for search and rescue.

The two World Wars were difficult times for many European breeds. Food shortages and general hardship meant that breeding was greatly reduced, and Dutch Shepherd numbers dropped. After the wars, dedicated breeders worked to rebuild the population, sometimes facing a very limited gene pool. There were discussions about crossing with related herding breeds to broaden the genetic base, but careful selection and management eventually allowed the Dutch Shepherd to recover while retaining its distinct identity.

Today, the Dutch Shepherd is recognized internationally by major kennel clubs and organizations. The breed standard typically describes three coat varieties: short‑haired, long‑haired, and rough‑haired, all sharing the hallmark brindle pattern. In the Netherlands, France, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and many other countries, breed clubs support responsible breeding, health testing, and education.

Modern Dutch Shepherds can be found in a variety of roles. Many still work in law enforcement, detection, and military tasks, where their drive and trainability are highly valued. Others serve as search and rescue dogs, helping find missing people in both urban and wilderness settings. In the world of dog sports, Hollandse Herders are seen in agility, obedience, protection sports, tracking competitions, and more. Alongside these working and sporting careers, an increasing number live as active family companions.

Despite these changes, the essence of the Dutch Shepherd remains that of a serious working dog with strong herding and guarding instincts. This heritage explains much of the breed’s temperament and needs today. Prospective owners who understand this historical background are better prepared to provide the structure, training, and activity that a Dutch Shepherd requires. In return, they often find themselves sharing their life with a dog that embodies the traditional values of loyalty, courage, and partnership that defined its role on Dutch farms generations ago.

Living with the Breed

Choosing to live with a Dutch Shepherd is a long term commitment that reaches into almost every part of daily life. This is not a dog that is content with a quick walk and long hours alone. Instead, the Hollandse Herder is at its best when it can share an active lifestyle and feel included as a true member of the family.

From the outset, you should expect to invest significant time in training and socialization. During the first year especially, your Dutch Shepherd puppy will need several short training sessions each day, regular outings to new places, and calm introductions to people, dogs, and environments. Consistency is key. Simple everyday routines, such as sitting politely before meals, walking nicely on the lead, and settling on a mat when asked, help create a well mannered dog who is easy to live with. If you enjoy the process of training and bonding, this can be a deeply rewarding experience.

Exercise is not optional. A typical adult Dutch Shepherd is happiest with at least one to two hours of meaningful activity daily, which should include both physical and mental stimulation. For many owners, this might mean:

• Morning walk with some obedience practice or scent games
• Playtime or interactive training in the afternoon
• Evening outing or short training session, such as tricks or indoor games

Access to a secure, fenced garden is very helpful, although a garden alone does not replace proper walks and interactive activities. Because Dutch Shepherds are intelligent problem solvers, fences need to be solid and of adequate height, and gates should close securely.

Financially, owning a Dutch Shepherd is similar to other medium to large active breeds, with some additional costs if you pursue sports or advanced training. Annual costs can include:

• Quality food suited to an active dog
• Routine veterinary care, vaccinations, and parasite prevention
• Insurance or a savings plan for emergencies
• Training classes or private sessions
• Grooming tools and occasional professional grooming, especially for the rough or long coat
• Sports club memberships, entry fees, and equipment if you decide to compete

It is sensible to plan a budget that covers not only daily expenses but also unexpected veterinary bills. An injury from high level sports or an illness can lead to significant costs, and being prepared reduces stress for both you and your dog.

In terms of home life, the Dutch Shepherd usually prefers to be close to its family rather than kept in a kennel or isolated outside. They adapt well to living indoors as long as they receive sufficient exercise. Many are calm and relaxed in the house once their physical and mental needs have been met. Teaching a strong “settle” cue from puppyhood will help your dog understand that there are times for rest as well as for activity.

Useful equipment for a Dutch Shepherd often includes:

• A well fitted flat collar and a sturdy harness, especially for young or strong dogs
• A strong, comfortable lead, possibly a long line for safe recall training
• Durable toys for chewing and interactive play, such as tug toys and balls
• Puzzle feeders and treat dispensing toys for mental enrichment
• A comfortable bed or crate where the dog feels secure
• High quality grooming tools appropriate to the coat type

Crate training can be particularly helpful, giving your dog a safe place to rest and making travel or vet visits less stressful. When introduced kindly and gradually, most Dutch Shepherds accept a crate as their den rather than a form of confinement.

Potential challenges of living with a Dutch Shepherd include their tendency to be vocal when bored, their keen awareness of surroundings, and their strong protective instincts. In an apartment or city setting, careful management and training are required to prevent nuisance barking. Teaching a quiet cue, providing ample exercise, and limiting visual access to busy streets or hallways can all help. Because of their alertness, Dutch Shepherds may bark when they hear unusual noises. This can be beneficial for security, but it also needs to be guided so it does not become overwhelming.

Compatibility with children and other pets is usually good when introductions are thoughtful and supervision is consistent. However, you should always remember that this is a powerful and energetic breed. Young children should never be left unsupervised with any dog, regardless of reputation. Teaching both dog and child how to interact gently and respectfully is essential.

Ultimately, living with a Dutch Shepherd is about partnership. This is a breed that gives everything to the person it trusts. If you enjoy training, outdoor activities, and including your dog in much of your life, the Hollandse Herder can be an extraordinary companion. If you are often away from home, prefer a very easygoing pet, or do not have the time or interest to commit to regular training, another breed may be a better fit. For the right owner, though, the Dutch Shepherd offers loyalty, intelligence, and a depth of connection that reflects its long history as a true working partner to humans.

Characteristics

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical temperament of a Dutch Shepherd and how does it behave in everyday family life?

This is a highly intelligent, alert and work‑oriented herding dog that bonds very closely with its family. It is usually affectionate and stable in the home, but can be reserved with strangers and very watchful of its surroundings. Consistent training and clear boundaries are important, as its quick mind and high energy can otherwise turn into pushy or restless behavior.

How much exercise and mental stimulation does a Dutch Shepherd really need?

This breed generally needs at least 1.5 to 2 hours of varied physical activity every day, plus regular mental work. It thrives on structured outlets such as obedience, herding, tracking, agility or protection sports. Without real jobs or challenging training, it can become noisy, destructive or overly intense at home.

Are Dutch Shepherds good family dogs for homes with children?

They can be excellent family dogs for active households that understand working breeds. Many are gentle and tolerant with respectful children, but their herding instinct and energy mean they may try to chase or nudge running kids. Early socialization, supervision and teaching children how to interact calmly are essential.

What are the differences between short‑haired, long‑haired and rough‑haired Dutch Shepherds, including grooming needs?

The short‑haired variety has a tight, low‑maintenance coat that usually needs weekly brushing and more frequent grooming during shedding seasons. Long‑haired dogs have a fuller, feathered coat that tangles more easily and typically need brushing several times a week. Rough‑haired dogs have a harsh, wiry coat that benefits from regular brushing and occasional hand‑stripping to prevent matting and keep the texture correct.

Is a Dutch Shepherd suitable for first‑time dog owners?

This breed is generally better suited to experienced owners or beginners who are very committed to training and activity. Its working drive, sensitivity and high energy can overwhelm people who expect a more easygoing companion. With guidance from a good trainer and a structured lifestyle, motivated first‑time owners can succeed, but it is not a casual choice.

What health problems are Dutch Shepherds prone to and how long do they typically live?

They are often considered relatively robust, but can be prone to hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, certain eye diseases and some autoimmune or allergy issues. Responsible breeders screen for joint and eye problems and monitor for epilepsy in some lines. The typical life expectancy is around 11 to 14 years with good care and appropriate exercise.

How trainable is a Dutch Shepherd and what training approach works best?

It is highly trainable, very quick to learn and usually eager to work with its handler. Positive, reward‑based methods combined with clear structure and consistency work better than harsh corrections, as many are sensitive and can shut down or become stressed. Short, frequent, varied sessions that channel its problem‑solving instincts are ideal.

Can a Dutch Shepherd live in an apartment or small home if it gets enough exercise?

Apartment living is possible for a well‑trained adult if it receives substantial daily exercise and mental work outside the home. However, its natural alertness and tendency to vocalize can be challenging in shared buildings. Access to safe outdoor spaces and a predictable routine helps prevent restlessness and nuisance barking.

How strong is the herding and protective instinct in Dutch Shepherds, and does it affect everyday behavior?

The breed was developed as an all‑purpose farm and herding dog, so many individuals still show strong herding and territorial instincts. This can appear as circling, nudging, or trying to control movement of people and other animals, as well as a serious attitude toward guarding property. Early training, controlled socialization and clear rules are important to keep these instincts appropriate and manageable.

Do Dutch Shepherds get along with other dogs and household pets?

Many live well with other dogs when raised and socialized properly, but some can be pushy or intense, especially with dogs of the same sex. Their herding drive and prey interest may lead them to chase cats or small animals if not carefully managed. Slow introductions, supervision and good impulse‑control training are key to peaceful multi‑pet homes.

Sources

• Nederlandse Duitse Herder Club
• Dutch Shepherd Club of the United Kingdom
• Société Centrale Canine (France)
• Dansk Kennel Klub (Denmark)
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI)